Friedrich von Stein ( German: Friedrich von Stein ; 1818-1885) - German zoologist , rector of Charles University ; Member of the Saxon and Bavarian Academies of Sciences.
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Biography
Friedrich Stein was born on November 3, 1818 in the city of Nimegke . From 1838 he studied natural sciences at the University of Berlin and in 1841 received a Ph.D. [2] .
Having completed his education, he worked at the Berlin Zoological Museum, whose keeper was appointed in 1843, at the same time he was appointed a teacher of zoology and botany at the city vocational school [2] [3] .
Since 1848, Stein lectured in zoology as a private assistant professor, in 1849 he moved to Bonn as the first curator of the zoological museum, and the following year he was invited as an ordinary professor of zoology and botany at the Tarandt Forest Academy [2] .
In 1855 he occupied the Department of Zoology at the University of Prague [2] .
In 1872 he went to the island of Helgoland in order to study the structure of Noctiluca miliaris. As a student of the gymnasium, Stein discovered a penchant for natural sciences and published several articles on the biology and taxonomy of insects in the journal Oken Isis . The influence of scientists such as I. Müller, Liechtenstein and others who developed this tendency in him was brilliant: Stein, soon after graduating from the university, undertook studies on the anatomy and physiology of insects, the result of which was the article: “ Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie der Insecten in Monographien bearbeitet. I. Die weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane der Käfer ”(Berlin, 1847). On this first monograph, the extensive work undertaken by Stein ended, since he went on to study another group of the animal kingdom, the protozoa, and in this area he became one of the first authorities of his time [2] .
Opening up the beetles to study their anatomy, von Stein became interested in almost unknown gregarins almost even then and began to study them, the first to indicate that gregarins are truly independent animals, and not the larval stages of higher animals. From gregarin, Stein went on to study the morphology of ciliates and their reproduction, and came to the conclusion that ciliates, contrary to Ehrenberg’s teachings, were not highly organized forms, but single-celled animals; in addition, Stein accurately studied the internal organization of ciliates, singled out all extraneous forms from this class, and combined these ciliates into one sharply defined class [2] .
Stein also studied the organization and breeding of bacilli, whom he attributed to animals, and discovered sexual reproduction in the genera Euglena, Chlamydomonas, etc. and the first proposed a classification of this class, which has been partially preserved in our time [2] .
Stein did not have time to finish the work he conceived under the title " Die Naturgeschichte der Infusorien Flagellaten " [2] .
Friedrich von Stein died on January 9, 1885 in the city of Prague .
Bibliography
- "De myriapodum partibus genitalibus" ("Müller's Arch. Etc.", 1842);
- "Grundriss der organischen Natugeschichte" (B., 1847);
- “Ueber die Natur der Gregarinen” (ibid., 1848);
- Untersuchungen über die Entwickelung der Infusorien (Wiegmann's Arch., 1849);
- "Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Entwicklungsgeschichte ud feineren Baues der Infusionsthiere" (Zeitschr. F. Wiss. Zool., III);
- “Die Infusionsthiere auf ihre Entwickelungsgeschichte untersucht” (Leipzig, 1854);
- "Der Organismus d. Infusionsthiere etc. "
- I abth. "Allgemeiner Theil und Naturgeschichte der hypotrichen Infusionsthiere" (1859),
- II Abth .: “Darstellung der neuesten Forschungsergebnisse über Bau, Fortpflanzung und Entwicklung der Infusionsthiere. Naturgeschichte der heterotrichen Infusionsthiere "(1867),
- III Abth .: “Die Naturgeschichte der Flagellaten. 1 Hälfte ”(1878)
- "Der Organismus der orthrodelen Flagellaten nach eigenen Forschungen in systematischer Reihen folge bearbeitet" (1883).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 117240265 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Adelung N. N. Stein, Friedrich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ T. Barchetti . Stein, Samuel Friedrich Nathanael, in: Adler. Zeitschrift für Genealogie und Heraldik 1979, S. 248.
Literature
- Stein, Friedrich Ritter von // Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (German) .
Links
- Stein, Friedrich von in the German National Library .
- Portrait on the German Wikipedia .
