Ilsharah Yahdub II

Ilsharah Yahdub II and his co-regent Ya'zil Baiyin came from the Banu Gurat clan, the leading clan of the Yemeni tribe Zamharum ^[4] . According to the lengthy Sabean inscription Ja 576 from the Avvam temple in Marib ^[5] , Ilsharah Yakhdub and Yazil Baiyin were the sons of King Saba Fari Yanhub ^[6] .

During his reign, Ilsharah Yakhdub II waged constant wars to strengthen his power in the south of the Arabian Peninsula, both in the north and in the south: in the north, his opponents were the tribes of Central Arabia, primarily the Kindites , in the south - the state of Himyar, which was steadily gaining power . The military enterprises of Ilsharah Yakhdub II, however, were already more local in nature and could not be compared with the extensive expansionist policies of his predecessor, Shair Autar , who established his hegemony over almost all of South Arabia ^[7] .

The confrontation with Himyar led to the Battle of Hurmat in July 253 , information about which is contained in the inscriptions Ja 578 and MAFRAY - al-Mi'sāl 2 that have come down to us. The opponent of Ilsharah Yakhdub in this battle was the Khimarite king Caribil Aifa . The difficulty lies in the fact that these inscriptions report practically opposite results of the battle: according to Ja 578 , compiled by one of the Sabei leaders, the victory was won by Ilsharah Yakhdub, who defeated the Himyarite troops and threw them south; MAFRAY - al-Mi'sāl 2 , created by an aristocrat from the Radman region who fought on the Khimyarite side, on the contrary, claims the victory of Tsar Himyar, who returned from a battle with military booty and captured prisoners ^[8] .

In addition to external enemies, Ilsharah Yakhdub II had to fight opponents inside the Sabean kingdom. The surviving Sabaean inscriptions, such as Ja 711 , testify to an aristocratic rebellion against the power of Ilsharah Yakhdub led by a certain Nimran Aukan, whose name, after the suppression of the rebellion, was removed from the dedicatory inscriptions of the Abba temple in Marib ^[9] .

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