John Langshaw Austin ( English John Langshaw Austin ; March 26, 1911 , Lancaster - February 8, 1960 , Oxford ) - British philosopher of language , one of the founders of the philosophy of everyday language . Contributed to the development of the theory of speech act . Oxford professor, member of the British Academy (1958) [2] .
| John Langshaw Austin | |
|---|---|
| John langshaw austin | |
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| Date of Birth | March 26, 1911 |
| Place of Birth | Lancaster |
| Date of death | February 8, 1960 (48 years old) |
| A place of death | Oxford |
| A country | |
| Alma mater | |
| Direction | Analytic philosophy |
| Core interests | and |
| Influenced | |
| Awards |  |
Content
Biography
The son of an architect.
He graduated from Oxford Balliol College , where he studied in 1929-1933. Then in the same place, at Oxford University, he made a career: in 1933-1935, at All-Souls College, in 1935-1939, at Modlin College.
During the Second World War he served in MI6 .
From 1952 until the end of his life, he was a professor of philosophy ( en: White's Professor of Moral Philosophy ) at Christ Church College .
In 1955 he visited the United States, where he met Noam Chomsky . In 1956-1957, the chairman of the Aristotelian Society .
Austin died at the age of 48 from lung cancer. [3]
Philosophy
At the core of Austin's philosophical concept is the idea that the main goal of philosophical research is to clarify the expressions of everyday language. He criticized the fundamentalism of fact (which Alfred Ayer advocated), because you can never be sure of your own feelings. The adjective “true,” according to Austin, should not be applied to sentences or propositions or words. True statements are. Another problem that was in the center of Austin's attention was the possibility of knowing “alien consciousnesses” and its reflection in language. Austin believes that believing in the existence of other people's consciousness is natural; justification requires doubt.
In addition, the language not only describes reality, but also influences it through performative utterances, such as a promise, warning or command. A single speech act is presented to Austin as a three-level formation:
- locative act - A speech act in relation to the language means used in its course. The subject of semantics.
- illocutionary act - A speech act in relation to the set goal and a number of conditions (question, answer, informing, assurance, warning, appointment, criticism). The subject of pragmatics. Performative statement regarding the speaker.
- perlocutionary act - A speech act in relation to its results. The subject of rhetoric. Performative statement regarding the listener.
Publications in Russian
- Austin J.L. Word as an action. - In the book: New in foreign linguistics . Vol. Xvii. - M., 1986;
- Austin J.L. Alien Consciousness. - In: Philosophy, Logic, Language. M., 1987; English Other Minds , 1953
- Austin J.L. Favorites. - M., 1999; Truth, How to do things with words, Meaning and sensitization, Alien consciousness
- Austin J.L. Three ways to spill ink. Philosophical work. - SPb., 2006
- Analytical Philosophy: Selected Texts / Comp., Intro. Art. and comment. A.F. Gryaznova. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1993: The meaning of the word
- Austin J. Truth on the Philosophy in Russia portal
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers (1996 ed.) - 1996. - ISBN 978-0-415-06043-1
- ↑ Deceased Fellows - British Academy (Link not available) . Date of treatment November 26, 2014. Archived July 7, 2015.
- ↑ See John Passmore. One hundred years of philosophy. - New York, 1967.
Links
- Austin / O.A.Nazarova // New philosophical encyclopedia : in 4 volumes / before. scientific ed. Council V. S. Styopin . - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Thought , 2010 .-- 2816 p.
- Austin, John Langshaw // Encyclopedia " Around the World ."