The list of fish and cyclostomes listed in the Red Book of Turkmenistan is a list of species and subspecies of ray-finned fish and lampreys included in the third edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan (2011).
Content
- 1 History
- 2 List of species
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
History
The first edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan (1985), then still a republic within the USSR , included only vertebrates: 27 species of mammals , 35 species of birds , 30 species of reptiles , 1 species of amphibians , 8 species of fish .
The second edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan (1999) included 152 animal species, of which 13 were species of ray-finned fish and lampreys [1] .
The third edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan (2011) includes 149 species of animals, of which ray-finned fish and lampreys comprise 15 species [1] .
List of Species
This list combines species and subspecies taxa that are included in the third edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan (2011). The list consists of Russian names, binomen (two-word names consisting of a combination of the genus name and species name) and the name of the scientist who first described this taxon and the year in which it happened. In the fourth column of the table for each species provides information on its distribution in the country, the number and its limiting factors. The fourth column of the table for each species provides information on its category of environmental importance in the Red Book of Turkmenistan. The fifth column provides information on the conservation status of the species in the International Red Book .
The systematics of classes, orders, and families is given by Nelson, 2006 [2] . The names of the species are listed in alphabetical order.
Categories of environmental importance [3]
According to the IUCN Red List, in this edition of the Red Book of Turkmenistan the following categories of conservation significance of species are accepted:
- Category I (CR) . On the verge of extinction - a species (subspecies) with an intensive reduction in the number of populations (more than 80%) and an extremely limited range.
- Category II (EN) . Disappearing - a species (subspecies) subject to a strong reduction in the number of populations (more than 50%), the range of which is rapidly decreasing.
- Category III (VU) . Vulnerable - a species (subspecies) with a low number of populations (more than 30%) and a limited range.
- Category IV Rare - endemic species (subspecies) of national / regional significance and known only by a few specimens (locations), or relict (endemic relict).
- Category V (DD) . Insufficiently studied is the species, (subspecies), the number and range of which are not stable and additional information about its condition is needed.
Designations for IUCN conservation status:
- - endangered species (in critical condition)
- - endangered species
- - vulnerable species
- - species close to vulnerable situations
- - species at least risk
- - species extinct in the wild
- - species for which a threat assessment is lacking data
- - Species not represented in the International Red Book
| Illustration | Russian and Latin name, author of a taxon | Range on the territory of Turkmenistan. Abundance and limiting factors | Protection status in the Red Book of Turkmenistan | IUCN Status | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class Banded Fishes (Actinopterygii) | |||||
| Sturgeon order (Acipenseriformes) | |||||
| Sturgeon Family (Acipenseridae) | |||||
| Amudarya Great Shovel Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ( Kessler ex. Bogdanov, 1877) | Historically, the species was found from the mouth of the Amu Darya to Panj . No fish entered the sea, but isolated specimens could periodically be found in the brackish waters of the Amu Darya delta. After regulation of the runoff of the Amu Darya and its tributaries, the range of the species sharply decreased [4] . At the end of the 20th century, only two small populations remained in Vakhsh and the middle reaches of the Amu Darya above Turkmenabad [5] [6] . Currently, the species is still relatively common in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya. It also lives in the upper reaches of the Karakum River. A single large shovel was found in the Khovuzkhan reservoir. In the second half of the twentieth century, the range and abundance decreased significantly. The main limiting factors: violation of the hydrological regime of the Amu Darya as a result of the construction of irrigation facilities, the death of juveniles in water intakes and irrigation systems. It is protected in the Amu Darya reserve. Fishing is prohibited. | II (EN) | [7] | ||
| Amu Darya small shovel Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni Kessler , 1877 | Endemic of the Amu Darya , which is an extremely rare species of sturgeon. It occurs in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya, above the village of Halach, in the region of Atamurat . Highly specialized near-bottom river fish adapted to live in turbid, fast-flowing rivers. Holds deep sections of the channel, where there are large stones, blocks, pits. In the 1970s and 1980s, only isolated cases of capture were documented. In the lower reaches of the Amu Darya almost never occurs. The main limiting factors: violation of the hydrological regime of the Amu Darya as a result of the construction of irrigation facilities. It is protected in the Amu Darya reserve. Fishing is prohibited. | I (CR) | [8] | ||
| Spike Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky , 1828 | Distributed in the basins of the Caspian Sea: the East and Southeast Caspian (everywhere), the Amu Darya , the Karakum River and its reservoirs, Sarykamysh Lake . In the sea, it does not go far from spawning rivers and adheres to desalinated sections of the outskirts. He enters the Amu Darya during the period of spawning migrations. The abundance is low throughout the range - there are single specimens. Limiting factors: regulation and reduction of runoff of spawning rivers, construction of dams, poaching, low natural numbers. It is protected in the Khazar and Amudarya reserves. Fishing is prohibited. | I (CR) | [9] | ||
| Order Seldeobraznye (Clupeiformes) | |||||
| Family Herring (Clupeidae) | |||||
| Volga herring Alosa volgensis Berg , 1913 | In some sources, it is considered as a subspecies of Alosa kessleri and is called Alosa kessleri volgensis , in others - as an independent species of Alosa volgensis [10] . Inhabits the basin of the Caspian Sea , and for spawning comes into the river. Passing fish. Before regulating the flow of the Volga in the 1930s and 40s, it was one of the most important fishing facilities of the Volga-Caspian region. A decrease in numbers was noted in the 1950s and early 1960s. In recent decades, the number has declined sharply. The main limiting factors: changes in the hydrological regime of rivers, violation of migration routes and spawning conditions, pollution of river waters, overfishing and fishing. It is protected in the Khazar reserve. | II (EN) | [eleven] | ||
| Salmoniformes order | |||||
| Family Salmonids (Salmonidae) | |||||
| Whitefish Stenodus leucichthys leucichthys ( GΓΌldenstΓ€dt , 1772) | Endemic to the Caspian Sea inhabiting the East and Southeast Caspian. It is rare. Limiting factors: deterioration of the general environmental situation, intensive catch, pollution of reservoirs with industrial and agricultural waste. It is protected in the Khazar reserve. Fishing at sea is prohibited. | III (VU) | [12] | ||
| Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1870 | A subspecies of trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 , inhabiting the East and Southeast Caspian. In recent years, the number has declined sharply. It occurs singly. The main limiting factors: regulation of river flow, loss of natural spawning sites. It is protected in the Khazar reserve. Fishing at sea is prohibited. | III (VU) | [13] | ||
| Order Carp-shaped (Cypriniformes) | |||||
| Cyprinidae family | |||||
| Oriental Thing Alburnoides bipunctatus ( Bloch , 1782) | The subspecies Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi ( Filippi , 1863) inhabits the territory of Turkmenistan. Inhabits the Upper Amu Darya, the basins of Murgab ( Kashan , Kushka), Tedjen, Atrek ( Sumbar , Chandir) and the Kopetdag river (Keltechinar, Yanbash, Archabil, Altyyab, Sekizyab ), reservoirs of the Karakum River. Freshwater, mainly river fish, preferring relatively large rivers. It inhabits clean, oxygen-rich streams of water. Current abundance data are not available. The main limiting factors: the disappearance of biotopes as a result of hydro construction, pollution and increasing eutrophication of water bodies. It is protected in the Kopetdag reserve. | II (EN) | [fourteen] | ||
| Photo of the Trans-Caspian marinka | Trans-Caspian marinka Schizothorax pelzami Kessler, 1870 | Previously, the species lived in the basins of the Murgab and Tedzhen rivers and in the rivers of Kopetdag ( Meanachay , Gyzgynchay , Keltechinar, Yanbash , Archabil , Altyyab, Sekizyab). In recent years, it has been found only in the rivers Kushka , Tedzhen , Altyyab and Sekizyab. It keeps along the rivers in the bottom layers on sandy-pebble soil. In most rivers Kopetdag was numerous species. In the first years of operation of the Tejen reservoir, it was one of the main objects of local fishing. Since the 1990s, numbers and habitats have declined significantly. The main limiting factors: uncontrolled catch, environmental degradation of the small rivers of Kopetdag. It is protected in the Kopetdag reserve. | II (EN) | [fifteen] | |
| Caucasian chub Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Nordmann , 1840 | A subspecies of the chub . It inhabits the rivers Atrek , Sumbar , Chandir . Typically river fish, preferring clean, oxygen-rich, fast-flowing rivers with rocky-pebble soil. In the 1930s and 40s, it was a fairly common sight. In the 1990s, isolated individuals were found. In 2003 and 2007, did not occur in rivers. The main limiting factors: regulation of runoff and river pollution. | III (VU) | [16] | ||
| Kurinskiy barbel Barbus lacerta cyri Filippi, 1865 | Inhabits the basin of the Sumbar River. It prefers sections of rivers with a rocky or coarse-sand bottom, and a relatively fast flow. It is rare. The last single finds were made in 1991 and 1997. The main limiting factors: regulation of runoff and river pollution. It is protected in the Syunt-Khasardag reserve. | III (VU) | [17] | ||
| Uzbek roach Rutilus rutilus uzboicus Berg, 1932 | A subspecies of common roach , known only from the reservoirs of Turkmenistan - lakes Yaskhan and Topyatan ( Western Uzboy ). A small subspecies, but currently amateur fishing does not cause visible damage to the population. The main limiting factors: uncontrolled catch, change in the ecology of lakes due to violation of the hydrological regime of the freshwater Yaskhan lens and other anthropogenic impact. | III (VU) | [eighteen] | ||
| Pike asp Aspiolucius esocinus ( Kessler , 1874) | Endemic to the Amu Darya basin: inhabits the river itself and its tributaries, enters the Dueboyun reservoir, possibly the upper reaches of the Karakum River. Prefers muddy waters of rivers and canals, bleached zones and stagnant waters avoids. In the 1930s, it was of commercial importance. Then the number decreased everywhere, and the species range decreased. The main limiting factors: violation of the hydrological regime of the Amu Darya, pollution of river waters, death of juveniles in intakes and irrigation systems, catch in rivers by gill nets. It is protected in the Amu Darya reserve. Fishing is prohibited. | II (EN) | [19] | ||
| Family Balitoridae (Balitoridae) | |||||
| Photo of the Koytendag blind loach | Koytendag blind char Troglocobitis starostini Parin , 1983 | Troglobiont . One of the species of cave fish in Central Asia and the only endemic of inland water bodies of Turkmenistan. It is found only in the underground karst dip lake in Koytendag (east of the village of Garlyk) with an area of ββabout 30 mΒ² and a depth of 5-7 m, with clean clear, slightly mineralized (about 3 g / l) water, whose temperature is 22-24 Β° C. In 1983, it was estimated that approximately 150 individuals lived in the pond. In the fall of 2004, only about 20 fish were registered, in 2010 - 12 fish. The main limiting factors are habitat disturbance and uncontrolled catch. It is protected in the Garlyk reserve of the Koytendag reserve. | III (VU) | [twenty] | |
| Turkmen char Schistura sargadensis turcmenicus Berg, 1933 | Subspecies Schistura sargadensis (Nikolskii, 1900) . Inhabits the rivers of the Central (Keltechinar, Chyrlak) and East (Meane, Chache and Dushak) Kopetdag, Kushka (a tributary of the Murghab). In the Murghab basin and the rivers of East Kopetdag, it was first discovered in the early 1990s. Perhaps also inhabits the rivers Harchingan , Lainsuv and Gyzgynchay. The abundance was probably always insignificant - there were single specimens. The main limiting factors: environmental degradation of small rivers. It is protected in the Kopetdag reserve. | III (VU) | [21] | ||
| Lamprey Class (Petromyzontida) | |||||
| Mine-like squad (Petromyzontiformes) | |||||
| The Lamprey Family (Petromyzontidae) | |||||
| Photo of Caspian lamprey | Caspian lamprey Caspiomyzon wagneri ( Kessler , 1870) | Endemic to the Caspian basin inhabiting the East and Southeast Caspian. Passing view, calling for spawning in the river. The only representative of lampreys in the Caspian Sea basin and the fauna of Turkmenistan. In recent decades, the number of species has declined sharply, as a result of which it is rare. The main limiting factors are: regulation and reduction of runoff of spawning rivers, construction of dams and pollution of water bodies. It is protected in the Khazar reserve. | IV | [22] | |
Notes
- β 1 2 Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 20-21.
- β Nelson JS Fishes of the World, 4th Edition. - New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006. - 601 p. - ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 21.
- β Zholdasova, I. Sturgeons and the Aral Sea ecological catastrophe (Eng.) // Environmental Biology of Fishes: journal. - 1997. - Vol. 48, no. 1-4 . - P. 373-380. - DOI : 10.1023 / A: 1007329401494 .
- β Birstein, VJ Threatened fishes of the world: Pseudoscaphirirhynchus spp. (Acipenseridae) (Eng.) // Environmental Biology of Fishes: journal. - 1997. - Vol. 48, no. 1-4 . - P. 381-383. - DOI : 10.1023 / A: 1007377317423 .
- β Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes / Ed. O.F. Gritsenko, A.N. Kotlyar and B.N. Kotenev. - M .: VNIRO publishing house, 2006. - T. 1. - S. 76-77. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-85382-229-2 .
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 134-135.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 132-133.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 130-131.
- β List of fish and cyclostomes listed in the Red Book of Turkmenistan (English) in the FishBase database.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 136-137.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 156-157.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 154-155.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 138-139.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 148-149.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 146-147.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 140-141.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 144-145.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 142-143.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 152-153.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 150-151.
- β Annabairamov, 2011 , p. 128-129.
Literature
- Annabairamov B. et al. Red Book of Turkmenistan Volume 2: Invertebrates and Vertebrates. - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - Ashgabat: Ylym, 2011 .-- 384 p.