Kazantsev, Dmitry Ivanovich

Dmitry was born on February 21, 1875, the first-born of a peasant to a large family in the village of Severo-Konevo, the Ayatsky volost of the Yekaterinburg district of the Perm province (now Nevyansk city district of the Sverdlovsk region ). The family had 24 children. He graduated from two classes with honors from the Konevsky primary public school in 1884. In 1884-1887 he taught at the same school. At home, he worked a lot in the garden, helped his mother around the house. In 1888-1891, after reaching 13 years, he worked at the Varfolomeevsky mine (Monetnaya Dacha) ^[1] as an assistant clerk. In 1891 he left for the Nizhny Tagil plant , entered the Vyisky Zemsky School, which was advised by "knowledgeable people" ^[2] .

In 1900, Dmitry Ivanovich married for the first time, in the same year they had a son, Valery. The daughter of his wife’s sister is artist Iraida Nechkina-Finkelstein. But he soon divorced ^[3] . In 1903, Dmitry Ivanovich served at the Petrokamensky Plant ^[4] . And in the same 1903 he became acquainted with the experiments on growing apple trees in the Urals by the teacher A. A. Zimin from Krasnopol in the school district. The experiments on growing apple trees in the Urals were very interested. In 1904, Kazantsev, having moved to Nizhny Tagil, met with the garden of Konstantin Osipovich Ruda from Nizhny Tagil. Dmitry Ivanovich could not find work in Nizhny Tagil and moved to Yekaterinburg, where he got a job in January 1912 as a clerk with a small salary, and then as an accountant in the Yekaterinburg city public bank until his retirement in 1934. In 1910, he married for the second time to a young teacher at the Bilimbaevsky National School, an 1898 graduate of the first Yekaterinburg girls' gymnasium, Anna Nikolaevna Leiman from Tobolsk ^[5] . In the same 1910 he worked as an accountant at the Pyshminsko-Klyuchevsk copper smelter .

On October 7, 1913, Dmitry Ivanovich bought the estate for 3,500 rubles, receiving 35 rubles a month from the bank. The Nizhny Tagil amateur gardener Kuzma Ruda helped with the money. In the autumn of 1913, he sent several apple trees of seedlings of different varieties and bushes of currants, gooseberries and barberries. In addition, a colleague of Kazantsev, an old Yekaterinburg resident Yermolaev, having received from Moscow, provided 3 grafted cultivated seedlings of apple trees of European varieties: Aport, Borovinka and Grushovka. These three apple trees were planted in the spring of 1914. In 1915 it was acquired from a local lover of a bush of cherries - punch. In the spring of 1916, 15 apple trees, two pears and two cherries were purchased from Nizhny Novgorod (the Nevinka estate), and 5 apple trees and Kizer cherry came from A. Kerez, Vyatka province, from AF Perevoshchikov. From Krasnoyarsk from gardening "Siberian Flora" in 1916 3 apple trees and 1 Ussuri plum were received. In 1916, K.O. Rudy sent from Nizhny Tagil another 12 apple seedlings and 6 cherry bushes of unknown varieties. In the winter of 1921-1922, the neighbors burned two boards from the fence instead of firewood, and goats entered the garden that formed the hole. Only Anisovka, Aport, Renet Krudner, a hybrid of the village of Blagodatny and several Tagil seedlings survived in the garden. In the fall of 1923, the gardener A.F. Perevoshchikov sent 5 pieces of “Kizer Beauty”, “Titovka” and “Dundik” one at a time. After correspondence, the Leningrad Botanical Garden sent 10 apple trees and in the autumn of 1924 another 10 apple trees were sent. In the summer of 1926, the UPI kennel bought from him seedlings: gooseberries, currants, raspberries, etc. In 1926, after correspondence, Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin and Kozlovsky nursery sent seedlings of apple, pear and plum. In the spring of 1927, the experience of cross-pollination failed. In the spring of 1928, the experiment was repeated with the participation of K. O. Ruda, a hybrid cultivar “Dirk” was obtained. Due to the harsh winter of 1929-1930, the Michurinsky varieties “Fertile” and “Yubileynaya” cherries and apple trees died: “Aport”, “White filling”, “Bellefleur-Chinese”, “Grushovka”, “Pepin saffron”, hybrid “Dundik” "," Cinnamon pineapple "and two" Beauties "; of the pears killed “Victory Bere” and “Bere fattening” ^[6] .

In 1928, in the city of Sverdlovsk, a section of the Ural Society of Lovers of Natural History (WOLE) was organized for gardening and horticulture, where D. I. Kazantsev is a member of the revision committee. In 1934, the garden became the first center for fruit plant breeding in the Urals. On November 16, 1934, Kazantsev was appointed the hybrid gardener of the Bazhenov stronghold of the Chelyabinsk experimental station. Kazantsev D.I. provided his garden to the Sverdlovsk fruit and berry station, created in 1935, in whose staff he was a member. In January 1935, at the initiative of Kazantsev at the Society for the Study of the Sverdlovsk Region (OISO), a section of the Michurintsy was organized in the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, D. Kazantsev D.I. with membership card No. 1 was elected deputy chairman ^[6] . In 1937, Kuzma Ore was shot as a wrecker and enemy of the people.

In 1939, he retired on disability, and on July 25, 1942, Dmitry Ivanovich died and was buried in the Ivanovo cemetery ^[6] .

Family

Wife Anna Nikolaevna Kazantseva, daughter Galina Dmitrievna (05/05/1914-2005) and son Peter.

Dmitry Ivanovich introduced several new varieties suitable for industrial production: “Lyubimets”, “Kizer Beauty”, “Raika”, “Elegant”, “Kordik” (which was awarded, but was not taken into circulation), but the hybrids: “Firstborn of the Beauty”, “Kizerets”, “Kizerka”, “Rainbow”, “Summer Kizer”, “Beauty Titovka”, “Comet”, “Tatrai”, “Kizerite”, “Greetings”, “Nastenka”, “Silver Hoof ”,“ Daughter of the Rainbow ”, are familiar to gardeners of the Sverdlovsk Region, Saratov Region and Krasnodar Territory ^[7] . Every year he participated in city exhibitions of fruit growers since 1936, was a full member of the WOLF in 1928-1929, a member of the Union of Writers of the Urals ^[6] .

Dmitry Ivanovich was awarded for his servants ^[1] :

• 1936 - diploma of the First Sverdlovsk Regional Gardening Exhibition "for outstanding achievements and experimental work in fruit and berry crops and the promotion of gardening in the Sverdlovsk Region" (Sverdlovsk, September 24-27, 1936);
• 1939 - a small silver medal of VDNH "for achievements in the field of gardening." A hybrid KORDIK apple tree variety was introduced (named after its two creators, Kuzma Osipovich Rudogo (KOR) and Dmitry Ivanovich Kazantsev (DIK));
• 1940 - first-degree diploma of the Exhibition of Plant Growing and Botany "for outstanding achievements and experimental work in fruit growing" (Sverdlovsk, October 1940).

Kazantsev D. I. is the author of more than 40 scientific articles ^[1] :

• Kazantsev D.I. Orchard in Sverdlovsk // Siberian horticulture. - 1927. - No. 2. - p. 6.
• Kazantsev D.I. Michurinsky cultivars in Sverdlovsk // Siberian fruit growing and truck farming. - 1928. - No. 3. - p. five.
• Kazantsev D.I. The Way of Disappointments and Achievements // Ural truck farming and gardening. - 1929. - No. 2. - p. 25; No. 3. - p. 22.
• Kazantsev D.I. Orchard. Twenty years of experience in cultivating fruit and berry plants in the Urals. - Sverdlovsk: Uralgiz, type. Polygraphbook Trust, 1934 .-- 84 p.
• Kazantsev D.I. Apple feast . - Sverdlovsk: Sverdlgiz, type. Ogiza of the RSFSR, 1935 - 94 p. (2nd ed. - 1936, 3rd ed. - 1938, 4th ed. - 2017).
• Kazantsev D.I. My centuries-old experience - Sverdlovsk, 1940.