St. Petersburg Nicholas Orphan Institute (1834-1917) is a women's educational institution of the Institutions of the Empress Maria in St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg Nikolaev Orphan Institute ( Nikolaev Orphan Institute ) | |
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Year of foundation | 1834 |
Year of closure | 1917 |
Location | St. Petersburg , Moika River Embankment, 48–50 |
History
The institute was founded on the basis of the St. Petersburg Educational House (1834). The institute was located in the complex of buildings of the Educational House on the embankment of the Moika River (the former palace of Count K. G. Razumovsky).
The institute accepted girls orphans and half-orphans from families of low-income junior officers, military and civil service officials, as well as daughters of persons who had advanced degrees who died in active service who had not lived for pension years [1] . Pupils received primary education, were trained in crafts, basic medicine and home economics, graduated from the institute to families, women's educational institutions or female workers to small private enterprises with female staff. Graduates worked as home teachers, music teachers, gymnastics and dance teachers, French language teachers, and later — public school teachers, nursery teachers, rural school teachers, and kindergarten teachers.
In the 1870s, there were handicraft courses and a real school for girls from the age of 14, where they were trained in home economics [2] . In 1871, the highest class of French teachers was opened, where they accepted "girls mostly from provincial institutions of the most excellent in success and goodwill." The program included the history of European literature, especially French, geography, recitation and teaching methods, Latin.
The Board of Trustees of the Nicholas Orphan Institute provided assistance to the pupils before their marriage or until they reached 25 years of age.
The institute consisted of a preparatory (juvenile) department for children aged 5-6 to 10-12 years. Depending on their abilities, the girls studied at the institute for 6 years (at the highest department) or 4 years (at the lowest department) and received the right to be a teacher or educator. In 1843 the Alexandrinsky Orphanage was joined to the institute. After the death of Nicholas I, the institute was given the name "Nikolaevsky" (1856). [3]
Often it was possible to see how pale girls who were walking grandly by the hands in pairs, into the seamstress workshop were led across Fontanka — they were made into seamstresses or lacemakers. Their appearance was very different from the well-to-do children, primarily because they were short-haired, which was not accepted by fashion. All equally dressed in gray dresses for growth and with some unusual caps on their heads. Through the window of the first floor of the workshop one could see their heads bent over the bobbins, which was fashionable at that time — in burgher houses everywhere there were napkins tied together on bobbins on the dressers and tables.D.A. Zasosov, V.I. Pyzin "From the Life of St. Petersburg" [4] |
After the October Revolution in the fall of 1917, the institute, unlike many other educational institutions, was not evacuated from Petrograd, and young orphans were placed here from traveling institutions. In Soviet times, the building housed the Pedagogical Institute (now the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen . [5]
Notes
- ↑ 480 students studied at St. Petersburg's Nicholas Institute.
- ↑ 335 pupils studied at the courses.
- ↑ Nicholas Orphan Institute
- ↑ From the life of Petersburg, 1991 .
- ↑ NIKOLAEVSKY SYROTS INSTITUTE .
Links
- NIKOLAEVSKY SYROTIC INSTITUTE . Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg . The appeal date is June 29, 2018.
- Nicholas Orphanage Institute
- D.A. Zasosov, V.I. Pyzin. From the life of St. Petersburg 1890-1910-ies. Notes of eyewitnesses . - M .: Lenizdat, 1991. - 271 p. - ISBN 5-289-00906-X .