Badr al-Din Lulu [1] (aka Badr al-Din Lulu ar-Rahim [2] , aka Lulu , aka Badr al-Din Lulu ibn Abdallah [3] ) (1160th [4] - 1259 ) - ruler Mosul (regent in 1211-1222 , Sultan in 1222-1259).
| Badr ad Din Lulu | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Frontispiece of the manuscript “Kitab al-Agani” (“Book of Songs”) Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Mahmoud Nasir al-Din | ||||||
| Successor | Ismail al-Salih Lulu | ||||||
| Birth | 1160s | ||||||
| Death | 1259 | ||||||
| Kind | Lulu Dynasty | ||||||
| Children | Ismail al-Salih Lulu | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
As ruler, Mosul became the successor to the Zangids . At first Badr al-Din recognized the supremacy of the caliph, but after the appearance of the Mongols, he reoriented to them. His capitulation to the Mongols saved Mosul from the destruction that other cities of Mesopotamia experienced. Thanks to the maneuvering policy, Badr ad-Din was able to capture Nishibin, Sinjar.
Power
Badr ad-Din Lulu was a ghoul (slave) of the Mosul emir Arslan Shah I from the Zangid dynasty [2] . At the end of his reign, Arslan Shah I tried to seize from his cousin Qutb ad-Din Muhammad that belonged to that Sinjar , but lost his army [5] .
Arslan Shah I died in 1211 [2] . His son Masoud II ibn Arslan Shah ruled Mosul in 1211 - 1218 . Since the son of Masoud II - Arslan Shah II was only 10 years old [6], Badr ad-Din Lulu became the regent under him and the actual ruler [2] . Having notified the vassals about this and received approval from the Baghdad caliph, Badr al-Din began to rule. But the neighbors were embarrassed by the possession of the minor ruler - his uncle Imad ad-din Zengi, the ruler of the fortresses Acre and Shush and Muzaffar ad-din Irbilsky . They managed to capture the fortresses of Hakkar and Zavzan. After the intervention of , which Badr ad-Din turned to for help ( Aybek’s squad was sent), the army of the attackers was defeated and peace was made [6] .
In 1219, Arslan Shah II died and his three-year-old brother Mahmoud Nasir al-Din was Badr al-Din Lulu proclaimed the new Atabek Mosul. Imad ad-din again tried to capture Mosul. Taking advantage of the fact that Badr al-Din sent a part of the troops, led by his son, to help Al-Ashraf and his brother Al-Kamil in Egypt, Imad al-Din went on a campaign. Badr al-Din recalled Aybek’s troops in Nisibin . Not far from Mosul, the troops of Imad al-Din and Muzaffar al-Din of Irbil met with opponents and the battle took place again. Aibek was able to defeat Imad al-Din, who fought on the left flank, but Muzaffar al-Din, who fought in the center, defeated Badr al-Din. After the battle, Muzaffar ad-din left for Irbil and peace was again concluded [6] .
Sultan
In 1222, after the death of the ruler of Mosul, Mahmoud Badr ad-Din Lulu became a sultan [2] . Dissatisfied with this, Imad ad-din (from the Zangid dynasty), who owned the fortresses of Acre and Shush, became a vassal and a close atabek of Uzbek . Only after a long siege did Badr al-Din succeed in returning Shush [7] .
In 1230 [8] during the conquests of Jalal ad-Din of Mankburna in the Middle East, ambassadors of al-Mustansir arrived to him, they requested that Jalal ad-Din not demand submission from Badr al-Din Lulu (ruling Mosul), Muzaffar al-Din (who ruled Irbil), Shihab ad-din and Imad ad-Din Pakhlavan (ruler al-Jibal) as they are vassals of the caliph [9] .
In 1237, the ruler of Diyarbakir al-Malik al-Salih quarreled over a salary and drove out the Khorezmians hired in 1236. They seized the treasury of al-Malik al-Salih and forced him to flee to Sinjar . There Badr al-Din Lulu attacked al-Malik al-Salih and besieged the city. Al-Malik al-Salih asked for mercy from Badr Din Lulu, but he rejected the peace offer and promised that when he captures al-Malik, he will bring him in an iron cage to Baghdad [10] . But al-Malik made peace with the Khorezmians and defeated Badr al-Din. Khorezmians were rewarded with the cities of Harran and ar-Rukha [11] In 1240, al-Malik al-Salih captured Egypt, leaving the Khorezmians without a patron. Badr ad-Din took advantage of this and captured Sinjar the same year, and then, in alliance with the Khorezmians, tried to capture Aleppo [12] .
In 1245 he recognized the power of the Mongols [13] . From Mengu- kaan, he received a label and payzu . Thanks to such a policy towards the Mongols, Badr ad-Din was able to capture Nishibin [14] .
In 1257, wanting to strengthen his power in Egypt, the Mameluke Sultan Aybek requested the hands of his daughter Badr ad-Din. But Aybek’s wife, Shajar al-Durr, found out about this and ordered her husband to be killed [15] .
In 1258, while preparing a campaign against Baghdad, Hulag sent Uruktu-noion to take Irbil. Uruktu-noyon himself could not capture the fortress and turned to Badr ad-Din for help. By releasing the army of Uruktu-noyon for summer in Tabriz , Badr ad-Din urged the garrison of Irbil to surrender. The garrison was released to Syria, and the fortress destroyed [16] . August 1, 1258 (after the Mongols captured Baghdad) Badr ad-Din arrived with victory in the court of Hulag. Khan, planning a campaign in Syria, was pleased with the victories of his troops and the wealth obtained. Hulag was honored by Badr ad-Din (who was over 90 years old) and was let go home on August 8, 1258 [4] .
In 1259, the Mosul army was called up for a campaign against Syria. But since the khan respected the age of Badr al-Din, the army was led by his son al-Salih. Arriving at the camp of Hulag, the son of Badr ad-Din Salih married the daughter of Jalal ad-Din Mankburna [17] .
Death and inheritance
In 1259 [2] Badr ad-Din Lulu died. He lived to be 96 years old [18] . Sultan of Mosul Hulagu approved the son of Badr al-Din - Rukn al-Din Ismail al-Salih.
In addition to Rukn al-Din Ismail al-Salih, who ruled in Mosul and Sinjdar from 1259 to 1262, the sons of Badr al-Din include:
- Ala ad-Din Ali ruled in Sinjar in 1259
- Sayf al-Din Ishaq ruled in Jazirat Ibn Umar in 1259-1262 [3] .
After the reorientation of Rukn al-Din Ismail al-Salih to the Mamelukes, the possessions of the heirs of Badr al-Din were conquered by the Mongols.
Notes
- ↑ Aydin Arif oglu Ali-zade. Zangids: Atabeki Mosul; Rashid ad-Din Chronicles; Buniyatov st. 189, 190
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ryzhov K.V. p. 253
- ↑ 1 2 Runiverse: V. Luluids
- ↑ 1 2 Rashid ad-Din Collection of annals: Volume III Part 2 A story about the transfer to Azerbaijan of the wealth of Baghdad and heretics' fortresses and preservation of [wealth in the fortress on the mountain of Lake Salmas, and about the arrival of Badr ad-din Lu'lu and the Roman Sultan in service to the emperor]
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din Collection of chronicles: Section 2. Part 4 Chronicle of the Meliks and Atabeks.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rashid ad-Din Collection of chronicles: Section 2. Part 5 Chronicle of the Meliks and Atabeks.
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din Collection of chronicles: Section 2. Part 7 A story about the Sultan Rukn-ad-din, the son of Khorezmshah.
- ↑ Shihab ad-Din ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi p. 358 notes 8, 9, 10
- ↑ Shihab ad-Din ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi pp. 227-228
- ↑ Buniyats. The state of Khorezmshakh p. 189
- ↑ Shihab ad-Din ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi p. 369
- ↑ Buniyats. The state of Khorezmshakh p. 190
- ↑ Ryzhov K.V. p. 253
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din Chronicles: Volume II Part 6 Chronicle of the Sultans
- ↑ Bahrie Uchok. Sultan of Egypt
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din Collection of chronicles: Volume III Part 2 The story of the conquest of the city of Irbil by the hand of Uruktu-noion and the siege of the fortress there
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din Collection of annals: Volume III Part 2 A story about the campaign of Hulagu Khan in the Syrian territories, the conquest of Aleppo and the Syrian kingdom
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din, describing the age and death of Badr ad-Din, places events in 659 of the Hijra (i.e. 1261), but for all researchers, the year of death is 1259
Literature
- Ali-zade A. A. Chronicle of Muslim states of the I-VII centuries. Hijras. - 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Ummah, 2004 .-- 445 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-94824-111-4 .
- Ryzhov K. All the monarchs of the world. Muslim East VII-XV centuries - M .: Veche, 2004 .-- S. 253. - 544 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-94538-301-5 .
- Rashid ad-Din . Collection of annals . - T. 1,2,3.
- Shihab ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi. Sirat Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mankburni (Biography of the Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mankburna) / Critic. text, per. from Arabic, comment. and enter. Z. M. Buniyatova .. - M .: Oriental literature, 1996. - S. 227-228, 358, 369. - 798 p. - ( Monuments of the written language of the East . CVII). - ISBN 5-02-016790-8 .
- Buniyatov Z.M. The state of the Khorezmshahs-Anushteginids 1097-1231. - M: Nauka, 1986 .-- 189, 190 p.
- Bahrie Uchok. Women rulers in Muslim states / Translated from Turkish by Z. M. Buniyatov , Executive Editor M. S. Meyer . - M .: "Science", 1982. - 15 000 copies.