Biysk-Chumysh Upland - Upland in the south of Western Siberia . The western and southern borders pass along the channels of the Ob and Biya rivers; in the northeast, the hill limits the river. Chumysh. Length about 250 km, width - up to 400-450 km, absolute heights reach 400 m.
| Biysk-Chumysh Upland | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Highest point | 400 m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Altai region |
Content
- 1 Relief
- 2 Geological structure
- 3 Climate
- 4 Rivers and lakes
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Relief
This territory has the character of a wavy plain , the height of which gradually increases from 280-300 m in the north to 350-400 m in the south. The hill is strongly dissected by a dense erosion network - ravines and gullies . Dividing sections are separate narrow ridges, elongated to the northeast between well-developed large beams and valleys, having a width of up to 1-3 km and a depth of 60-80 m. [1]
The southern part of the hill is less distinct, due to lower elevations, only in the extreme southeast, when approaching the Salair ridge, the absolute heights increase to 400 m, and the Biysk-Chumysh hill takes on some resemblance to the foothills, acquiring a hilly relief . [2]
Geological structure
At the base of the Biysk-Chumysh Upland, Caledonian folded structures lie, bordering the Barnaul block in the form of an eastern branch. The same structures make up the Salair anticlinorium. Younger Hercynian structures are superimposed on the Salair branch of caledonides.
The most ancient of loose sediments are Jurassic sediments, represented by mudstones, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates. Conglomerates consist mainly of fragments of sedimentary rocks - sercite-clay, sercite-chlorite, quartzite-clay shale. Fragments of limestone , quartz , quartzite, quartz sandstones are present in smaller quantities, fragments of porphyry are even less common. [3]
Climate
The territory of the hill, compared with the steppe, is characterized by a greater amount of precipitation and a higher snow cover, colder winters and lower amounts of positive temperatures. In this regard, more favorable moistening conditions are formed here. Compared to the Priobskoye plateau, the Biysk-Chumysh Upland is characterized by more rare droughts, although in most areas there is about the same amount of rainfall during the year as in the steppe Ob-Vaisky areas of the left bank. In the northern part of the precipitation is less than 400 mm, in the middle - more than 400 mm and only in the south more than 500 mm. [2]
Due to the relatively low temperature and high relative humidity, as well as the high frequency of cloudy and calm weather in the warm season, here, even with equal amounts of precipitation, the reserves of productive moisture are sufficient for the development of forest-steppe vegetation.
A large role in the humidification mode is played by snowy waters. During the cold period, 100-150 mm of precipitation falls and snow cover is formed with an average height of up to 60 cm. [4]
Rivers and Lakes
On the Biysk-Chumysh Upland, such large rivers as the Chumysh , Bolshaya Losikh, Kamenka , Bolshaya Rechka, Chemrovka, Bekhtemir, Povalikha, Togul, Alambay flow, the river Chesnokovka originates. The sources of food for the rivers are meltwater of snows, seasonal rains and groundwater. For these rivers, due to the melting of winter snows, 60–80% of runoff is formed, rainfall is 5–15%, and groundwater is 15–25%.
The high water of these rivers is high, lasts 2-2.5 months (from late March to mid-late May). Floods occur most often in July and October. A characteristic feature of the ice regime of the rivers is sustained long- term freezing . [5]
Notes
- ↑ Zanin G.V. Geomorphology of the Altai Territory // Natural Zoning of the Altai Territory: Proceedings of a comprehensive expedition to the lands of new development. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958. - p. 76-94.
- ↑ 1 2 Altai Territory: Atlas. - M .; Barnaul, 1980 .-- T. 2 .-- 236 p.
- ↑ Maloletko AM Paleogeography of the Pre-Altai part of Western Siberia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. - Tomsk: Publishing house of Tomsk University, 1972. - 230 p.
- ↑ Slyadnev A.P. Essays on the climate of the Altai Territory. - Barnaul: Alt. Prince Publishing House, 1958. - 139 p.
- ↑ Korobkova G.V. Surface waters // Encyclopedia of the Altai Territory: In two volumes. - Barnaul: Alt. Prince Publishing House, 1995. - T.1. - 368 p.
Literature
- Encyclopedia of Altai Territory