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Westboro Baptist Church

Westboro Baptist Church ( WBC ) is an American religious organization known for its hostile public appearances against various groups who disagree with its creed, especially against subcultures of homosexuals and transgender people , as well as harsh criticism of other religions, including Catholicism , Orthodoxy , Islam , Judaism . The community also criticizes American politicians and the military [3] [4] . This is a well-known “ hate group ” [5] , under the supervision of the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center . This church has been involved in campaigns against homosexuals since at least 1991, when its members tried to use force to stop the same-sex love event, six blocks northwest of the church’s building, in Gage Park [ Gage Park ] [ 6] . Subsequently, Westborough Baptist Church held anti-homosexual protests at the funeral of military and famous people, and at other public events [7] . Other protests were directed against Jews and Catholics; on some WBC members trampled on the US flag or hung it upside down, chanted slogans like “thank God, soldiers are dead” ( English thank God for dead soldiers ), “God blew up the troops ”, “thank God for 11 September ”( thank God for 9/11 ) and“ God hates America ”( God hates America ) [8] . Westborough Baptist Church has been accused of brainwashing several times [9] [10] [11] and criticized for its resemblance to totalitarian sects [12] [13] [14] .

Westboro Baptist Church
Office of Westborough Baptist Church in Topeka
Office of Westborough Baptist Church in Topeka
DenominationBaptism
DirectionPrimitive Baptism, hypercalvinism [1]
TerritoryUSA
Of members70 [2]
Official sitegodhatesfags.com

The WBC headquarters are located in a residential area in the western part of Kansas Topeka , five kilometers from the State Capitol . The first open service took place there on November 27, 1955 in the afternoon [15] . Fred Phelps, founder of the Westboro Baptist Church, led it until his death in March 2014. After the death of the founder, the organization does not have a definite permanent leader; some of its members say that it was already some time before the death of Phelps [16] . Most of the WBC are members of the extended family of Fred Phelps [17] ; in 2011, they stated that the organization had about 40 members [18] .

In terms of dogma, the Westboro Baptist Church is isolated and does not belong to any of the Baptism denominations; its members identify themselves as “primitive Baptists” ( English Primitive Baptists ) and declare their commitment to the five principles ( English five points ) of Calvinism [1] . Many other Baptist religious organizations, including the World Baptist Union and the Southern Baptist Convention , have not recognized and condemned the WBC for many years [19] . Some other major Christian denominations negatively relate to the methods of activity of the Westborough Baptist Church [20] .

History

 
Announcement of the opening of the WBC in Topeka Capital magazine , 1955

Westborough Baptist Church was created as a unit of the East Side Baptist Church [21] , founded in 1931 in the eastern part of Topeka [22] . In 1954, the Eastern Baptist Church hired Fred Phelps to serve as assistant pastor , and then promoted to become the pastor of a , which was opened in 1955 in the western part of Topeka and was named Westboro Baptist [21] . But shortly afterwards, Phelps broke off relations with the Eastern Baptist Church, making the Westborough Baptist Church he leads a completely independent religious organization.

In 1991, Westborough Baptist Church began picketing at Topek Gage Park, claiming that the park has become a hangout for anonymous homosexuals. Over the next three years, church members expanded their protest activities by conducting many actions in other places of the city, and then the country [23] . In 1994, Phelps stated that a negative reaction to the pickets he organized only confirms that he is right [24] .

On August 20, 1995, an improvised explosive device detonated near the house of Shirley Phelps-Roper , the daughter of Fred Phelps. As a result, no one was injured, but the SUV parked near the house was damaged, as well as the fence and part of the house. In 1996, two men were arrested on suspicion of involvement in the explosion, both pleaded guilty, but claimed to have mixed up at home, but actually wanted to blow up Fred Phelps's house in order to avenge the Westborough Baptist Church for anti-Gay protests at Washburn University. . Washburn University ). One of the bombers was sentenced for this to 16 days in prison, as well as to a fine of $ 1,751 and 100 hours of community service [25] .

Fred Phelps died a natural death shortly before midnight on March 19, 2014 [26] [27] [28] . His daughter Shirley said that there would be no requiem for the father because the Westboro Baptist Church “does not serve the dead” ( Eng. Does not “worship the dead” ) [28] .

Protest Activity

The WBC holds pickets in about six places a day, in many places in Topeka and some in the countryside. On Sundays there are up to 15 pickets in different places [29] [30] . According to their own estimates, WBC members held pickets in all 50 states of the USA [31] .

These Baptist demonstrators prefer to hold their rallies at the funeral of gay victims of murder or bullying for sexual orientation ( English gay bashing ), as well as people who have died from AIDS or caused complications. Other objects of activity can be a variety of mass events directly or indirectly related to homosexuality: for example, Kansas City Chiefs American football competitions or concerts of some popular music performers. In March 2009, Westborough Baptist Church said that since 1991 it has held more than 41 thousand protests in more than 650 cities [32] . According to one of the followers of the WBC, she spends $ 250,000 a year on the organization of pickets [33] .

These pickets did not always take place within the framework of the law, and entailed several lawsuits. So, in 1995, Benjamin Phelps ( Benjamin Phelps ), the eldest grandson of Fred Phelps, was convicted of threatening violence and disturbing public order after spitting in the face of a passerby on a picket [34] . But there have been times when the Wetborough Baptist Church has won the courts. Among them are several lawsuits against the authorities of Topeka and Shawnee districts regarding their attempts to prevent pickets or interfere with their holding; as a result, the WBC received about two hundred thousand dollars in compensation for legal costs and attorneys. In 2004, Fred Phelps' eldest daughter, Margie Phelps , and her son Jacob were arrested for illegally entering, disturbing public order, and disobeying a police officer after they attempted a protest and ignored a police officer’s order [ 35] .

In response to the picketing of the funeral processions, a Kansas law was passed banning protests at funeral events. However, the Westboro Baptist Church did not obey, and in the fall of 2007 staged a picket at the funeral of a Marine Corps soldier. The deceased's father filed a lawsuit against the picketers, and in the first trial won five million dollars in damages [36] [37] . But this decision was successfully appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals , and then the Supreme Court was on the side of the Protestants, having adopted a in the case of Snyder v. Phelps ( English Snyder v. Phelps ). In June 2007, Shirley Phelps-Roper was arrested in Nebraska for allegedly committing an offense by the hands of a minor performer ( Eng. Contributing to the delinquency of a minor ). She was found guilty of the fact that during a demonstration she allowed her ten-year-old son to step on the US flag, which is a violation of the law of the state of Nebraska. The defense insisted that this child’s action was an exercise of freedom of speech , and that state law prohibiting it was unconstitutional. The prosecution claimed that the purpose of this demonstration was not to publicly give a political speech, but to incite violence, and that Shirley Phelps-Roper's act could also be qualified as child abuse . However, the prosecutor later dropped the charges against Phelps-Roper [38] .

On two occasions, Westborough Baptist Church received airtime on the radio in exchange for refusing to hold a previously announced protest [39] [40] .

Gay Protest

Members of Westborough Baptist Church became characters in a documentary directed by Louis Theroux when they picketed a household appliance store because they sold Swedish vacuum cleaners - and picketers considered the purchase of these vacuum cleaners to be LGBT support because the Swedish authorities harassed Okyo Green ( Åke Green ) is a Christian pastor who has criticized homosexuality [41] .

 
Picket in Topic, with group signing of multi-colored posters.

The WBC picketed or threatened to picket the production of the play The Laramie Project , the plot of which was the murder of Matthew Shepard (at the funeral of Matthew Shepard, the WBC also staged a picket) [42] [43] .

On January 25, 2004, Phelps staged pickets at about five temples (three Catholic and two episcopal ), as well as at the Iowa House of Justice for the fact that all of them, according to Phelps, helped . The response to this was the response of protests and inter-religious worship in the municipal congress hall [44] .

On January 15, 2006, WBC members protested the installation of a memorial to victims , claiming that it was God's revenge on the United States for their tolerance of homosexuality. [45]

In 2016, Westborough Baptist Church was pleased to note the shooting of visitors to a gay nightclub in Orlando , where 49 people were killed and 53 injured. [46] [47]

Pickets at a funeral

Westborough Baptist Church became famous throughout the country in 1998 when CNN published a report on a picket at the funeral of Matthew Shepard, a young man from the city of Laramie who (presumably due to his homosexuality) was beaten to death by two men [48] . Since then, the WBC has repeatedly attracted attention by picketing a funeral [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54]

In July 2005, Westborough Baptist Church announced plans to picket a Carrie French in Boise , Idaho . Carrie French served as an ammunition specialist in the 145th Support Battalion of the 116th Combat Team of the U.S. Army and was killed on June 5 that same year in the city of Kirkuk in northern Iraq . Fred Phelps said to this: “To what happened in this war , we are treated as God's punishment; The Lord punishes this evil nation for despising all moral imperatives, and now it is worthless ” [55] [56] .

In 2006, in the city of Westminster ( Eng. Westminster ), Maryland, there was a picket at the funeral of marines Matthew Snyder ( Matthew Snyder ), who also died in Iraq. Participants held posters with slogans like “God hates fagots” ( Eng. God hates fags ) and “Thank God for dead soldiers” [57] . The subsequent lawsuit in the lawsuit filed by Albert Snyder, the father of the deceased, concluded that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the WBC with eight votes to one, deciding that the picket was a manifestation of freedom of speech and expression protected in the United States ( Freedom of speech in the United States ) [58] .

On February 2, 2008, the WBC held a picket in Salt Lake City at the funeral of the leader of another religious organization - namely, the former Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Gordon Hinckley - calling him a liar and false prophets, misleading people [59] , and also accusing him of being too tolerant of homosexuality [60] . The police found it difficult to determine whether this violates the boundaries of the freedom of speech protected by law [59] .

There was a picket at the funeral of singer Michael Jackson , who died on June 25, 2009 [61] [62] . On this occasion, members of the Westboro Baptist Church sang the song “God Hates the World” (a remake of the Jackson charity single ) “ We Are the World ” ( 63) .

In May 2010, a similar picket was held in Los Angeles at the funeral of heavy metal vocalist Ronnie James Dio , claiming he served Satan [64] . Dio's widow asked guests to ignore this protest: “Ronnie hates bias and violence. We need to turn the other cheek to these people who only know how to hate someone about whom they know nothing. We know how to love the one we know ” [65] .

In January 2011, Westborough Baptist Church announced that it was going to picket the funeral of nine-year-old girl Christina Green, who was the victim of an attempt on Gabriel Giffords (Giffords herself managed to survive). In response, the state of Arizona adopted an urgent act ( emergency bill ) prohibiting the holding of protests closer than 100 meters from the funeral procession, and Tucson residents planned to isolate it from protesters [66] [67] . As a result, Westboro refused to hold this picket during a memorial ceremony at the University of Arizona in exchange for providing airtime on the radio in talk shows [68] . According to the leadership of this university, after the ceremony, four WBC picketers still appeared there, but from 700 to 1200 students gathered against them [69] .

Joael Phelps, in an interview with Louis Theroux in his film America's Most Hated Family in Crisis, explained that she and other WBC members staged a picket at the funeral of a Muslim wife only because it was a week He had previously seen how they publicly burned the Qur'an, and scolded them for it.

On October 5, 2011, the daughter of Margie Phelps wrote on Twitter that the church would picket at the funeral of Apple founder Steve Jobs [70] [71] . CBS News and The Washington Post then ironically remarked that Margie sent this message from an iPhone created by Steve Jobs [71] [72] .

On December 16, 2012, the WBC announced the picketing of the funeral victims at the Sandy Hook School [73] .

On April 15, 2013, the church published a press release on Twitter, in which she thanked God for the bombings that day on the Boston marathon and announced her intention to picket the funeral of the victims of this attack. Then the US federal authorities already recognized the incident as a terrorist act , but were not yet sure whether it was an act of international terrorism or domestic. The WBC “answered the question” with a message: “Hint: GOD SENT BOMBS!” And in how many more terrible ways the LORD will maim and kill your compatriots, because you insistently demand this vile homo-marriage, dooming the nation ?! ” [74] . By the morning of the next day, about 4,000 people on the We the People website had signed a petition demanding that such religious protests be banned at the funeral of victims of tragedies. And in the Twitter account associated with the Anonymous group of hacktivists, a message appeared that church leaders would become the target of cyber attacks if they staged a picket at the funeral [75] . However, on May 20 of that year, the WBC praised God for a tornado in Moore and staged another rally at the funeral of his victims. [76]

In March 2015, the WBC intended to hold a picket at the funeral of actor Leonard Nimoy , but could not find a venue for the ceremony [77] .

On June 18, 2016, church members tried to hold a demonstration after shooting at a gay club in Orlando, but about 200 people blocked the pickets and did not allow them to carry out their plan [78] .

Protests against Jewish organizations

 
WBC Protest Against Jews

In 1996, Fred Phelps led a protest near the Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, proclaiming that [79]

Regardless of the just cause, the Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust of the 1930s - 1940s were probably (their number was probably insignificant compared to the number of victims of the Jewish Holocausts against blacks in the [ triangular trade ], African Americans and Christians - including the bloody persecution of Westborough Baptist Church by Topiki Jews in the 1990s ), it is drowning in Sodomite seed. American taxpayers are funding this wicked monument of Jewish deceit and greed, and the vile lust of queers. Homosexuals and Jews dominated Nazi Germany ... And now Jews are surprised that this despicable land is stricken with moral and spiritual blindness - a just divine blow ... But God punished Jews with a certain special craziness ... Jews, so corrupted, disproportionate to their number, promote a warlike sodomy agenda ... Jews are the real Nazis.

Original text
Whatever righteous cause the Jewish victims of the 1930s – 40s Nazi Holocaust had (probably minuscule, compared to the Jewish Holocausts against Middle Passage Blacks, African Americans and Christians — including the bloody persecution of Westboro Baptist Church by Topeka Jews in the 1990s), has been drowned in sodomite semen. American taxpayers are financing this unholy monument to Jewish mendacity and greed and to filthy fag lust. Homosexuals and Jews dominated Nazi Germany ... The Jews now wander the earth despised, smitten with moral and spiritual blindness by a divine judicial stroke ... And God has smitten Jews with a certain unique madness ... Jews, thus perverted, out of all proportion to their numbers energize the militant sodomite agenda ... Jews are the real Nazis.

The WBC attended the opening of the Holocaust Memorial Topeka, chanting the slogan “God Hates Reform Judaism ” [80] .

On May 8, 2009, church members protested in three Jewish places in Washington: at the office of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the city’s largest synagogue . Mergie Phelps, the daughter of Pastor Fred Phelps, led the protest, holding placards with the slogans “God Hates Israel ,” “ ,” “America Is Doomed,” “ Israel Is Doomed,” and “ADL Jew Bullies.” [81] Probably, these demonstrations were only part of a protest campaign conceived by the Westborough Baptist Church, during which it was planned to hold pickets near Jewish organizations in Omaha , St. Louis , South Florida, and Providence . It was reported that this religious group published a list of upcoming protests, indicating the places and dates, as well as the statement “Jews killed the Lord Jesus” [82] .

Mergie Phelps said in an interview that her church was persecuting American Jews because Westboro Baptist members for 19 years “testified” to non-Jews [83] that “America is doomed,” and that “it is now too late. We did everything with them. ” She also claimed that Jews were some of the most ardent supporters of abortion and homosexuality. “The Jews claim to be God's chosen people . Do you think God is going to look at this forever with your fingers? ”Phelps also said, and referring to the Revelation of John the Theologian , she concluded that all the nations of the world would soon go to Israel , and that President Barack Obama , whom she called“ Antichrist , would lead from " [82] .

Other protests

On January 26, 2008, in the city of Jacksonville , North Carolina , where the Camp Ledge Marine Corps base is located, WBC members staged a picket on the occasion of the recent . Five women protested, treading the American flag and shouting slogans like “1,2,3,4, God Hates the Marine Corps” (“One, Two, Three, Four, God Hates the Marine Corps”) [84] .

On May 14, 2008, two days after the powerful Sichuan earthquake that claimed the lives of at least seventy thousand people, the WBC issued a press release in which it thanked God for the deaths of many people in China and asked Him to “arrange more earthquakes and kill many more thousands of impudent and ungrateful Chinese ” [85] .

Most proliferators avoided the funeral of physician George Tiller , who was killed on May 31, 2009 in connection with his late-term abortions. This funeral was held in Wichita , Kansas, at College Hill United Methodist Church ; they were attended by about 900 guests. 17 WBR members arrived there to arrange another picket at the funeral; the police kept them at a distance of 150 meters from the funeral procession. Protesters held posters with the slogans "God sent the shooter," "Abortion is a bloody murder" and "Infanticide in hell" [86] [87] .

On May 29, 2011, the WBC intended to protest in Joplin ( Eng. Joplin ) ( Missouri ) at a memorial service for the victims of the , which razed most of the town to the ground [88] . At the same ceremony, Barack Obama, then President of the United States, delivered a speech; perhaps the WBC protest was also connected with this, or only with this. But hundreds of local residents and visitors, including a large group of bikers [89] from Patriot Guard Riders , blocked the passage for demonstrators [90]

Even the funeral of the eleven-year-old boy Harry Moseley, who received £ 500,000 in charitable contributions for a failed brain tumor treatment, was criticized by Merge Phelps. There was no picket at these funerals, but just a few hours after the boy’s death, Merge wrote on Twitter that the deceased’s family didn’t teach him to “obey the Lord,” which caused considerable mental suffering to those who mourn [91]

On December 19, 2012, the WBC announced the picketing of the funeral of massacre victims at Sandy Hook Elementary School . Anonymus and several other groups of social activists responded by organizing a counter-picket - a “living wall” of people who did not allow members of the Westborough Baptist Church to approach the families of the victims. The WBC members soon left there, without a protest. [92]

Failed Protests

There are quite a few cases where the Westboro Baptist Church announced the holding of pickets at funerals and other "sensitive" events, or threatened to hold protests, but for some unknown reason, in fact, did not hold the rally. Examples include the funeral of Natasha Richardson [93] , Elizabeth Taylor [94] , Ryan Dunn [95] , Joe Paterno [96] , Roy Tisdale ( Roy Tisdale ), who was killed in Fort Bragg [97 ] , Yardley Love ( Eng. Yeardley Love ) [98] , Charlie and Braden Powell ( Eng. Charlie and Braden Powell ) [99] Steve Jobs , [71] , Whitney Houston [100] , George Jones [101] , Lou Reed [102] , Pete Seeger [103] , Maya Angelou [104] , Robert Schuller [105] , Slayer guitarist Jeff Hanneman [106] , Robin Williams [107] and victims of the collapse of the I-35W bridge across Mississippi [108] . Margie Phelps later tweeted that she had staged a protest at Houston's funeral and uploaded a photo of WBC members protesting there. But reporters for The Star-Ledger later reported that no protesters from the WBC were there [109] , suggesting a fake photograph [110] .

Ideology

 
A WBC member with a child protests against homosexuality near the Trinity Episcopal Church . Tulsa , Oklahoma , 10.23.2005

Westborough Baptist Church sees membership in most other religious groups, including the Roman Catholic Church and all Islamic organizations, as something similar to serving the devil, and argues that other churches are “Satanic fakes preaching Arminian lies” [111] .

The WBC members identify themselves as “ Old School Baptists ” ( English Old School Baptists ) or “primitive Baptists” ( English Primitive Baptists ) and claim that they profess five main points ( English Five Points ) doctrine of Calvinism [112] :

  1. Total depravity
  2. Unconditional election
  3. Limited atonement
  4. Irresistible grace
  5. Perseverance of the Saints ( Perseverance of the saints )

Rebecca Barrett-Fox, a professor at Arkansas State University who studied Westboro Baptist Church and wrote a dissertation on this topic, described Fred Phelps's followers as [113] .

The purpose of the protests

In The BBC's The Most Hated Family in America documentary , director Louis Theroux asks Shirley Phelps-Roper if she thinks the Westborough protests that will push people away from the Word of Christ and the Bible. To which she replies: “It is you who think so that our job is to bring souls to Christ. But all that we do, presenting in front of them face with posters with these simple words, we strive to ensure that what is already in their heart comes out through their mouths ”( Eng. You think our job is to win souls to Christ. All we do, by getting in their face and putting these signs in front of them and these plain words, is make what's already in their heart come out of their mouth ). Later in the same film, Phelps-Roper agrees that the $ 200,000 a year the church spends on flights to the places of funerals to hold protests there is money to spread “God’s hatred” [114] .

Homosexuality

Westborough Baptist Church is widely known for its anti-homosexual rhetoric [115] [116] and has created many websites like GodHatesFags.com and GodHatesAmerica.com condemning homosexuality.

The most famous WBC slogan is “God Hates Fagots” ( Eng. God Hates Fags ); this religious group associates every tragic event in the world with homosexuality, especially with the growing tolerance of society towards homosexuality and the adoption of the so-called homosexual plan , and believes that God hates homosexuals more than any other sinners [117] , and that homosexuality should be punished with death [ 118] .

Such a sharply negative attitude towards homosexuality is partly based on some statements of the Old Testament , especially Leo. 18:22 and Leo. 20:13 , which Westboro Baptist Church interprets so that homosexual behavior is an abomination, and that homosexuals must be put to death [117] .

Relation to other religions

To other areas of Christianity

Westborough Baptist Church criticizes many Christian denominations, mainly for theological reasons.

To the Catholic Church

Westborough Baptist Church calls Catholic priests “ vampires ” and “ Dracula, ” accusing them of sucking seed from the genitals of boys, as vampires suck blood from their victims. In addition, the WBC called Pope Benedict XVI "the godfather of pedophiles " and "perverted pope." During in April 2008, the WBC held a protest.

 
WBC protest against Benedict XVI at the UN building in New York. 2008 year

Westborough Baptist Church has also launched the Priests Rape Boys website, which criticizes the Roman Catholic Church for a sexual harassment scandal . There, in particular, it was said: “Every time someone gives some money to the Catholic Church, he pays a salary to pedophile rapists” [119] .

The WBC describes the Roman Catholic Church as “the largest and richest organized group of pedophiles in the history of mankind” [120] and further claims that all Catholics share the blame for this: “There are more than a billion Catholics in the world - every sixth of the living - and every of them will be divided by Hell, wide open at the time of their death. And they cannot do anything about it ” [121] [119] . The Westborough Baptist Church also criticizes Catholicism and Orthodoxy for veneration of the Virgin Mary , saints , relics , icons ; WBC Catholic Church also accused of idolatry

To Protestantism

In addition to the Catholic, Westborough Baptist Church criticizes several major Protestant churches, including Methodists , Presbyterians , Lutherans , Anglicans, and other Baptists. About them on the WBC website it is noted that [122]

... their preachers evade their responsibility to tell people the truth about sin, and instead lie to them that God requires them from God. If this is a lie, then the false prophets told people the truth that God is talking about those who will sin for their neighbor ( Lev. 19: 17-18 ), and there will be no ends on the seats when the cup passes them. These preachers are not preachers of virtue, they are teachers who are ( 2 Tim. 4: 3 ), who count on the absolute biblical illiteracy of their parishioners ... “Priests rape the boys” - this is, of course, hermetically; it is a charge against all the main “Christian” churches - against preachers and members, without exception. They all go to hell!

Original text
... their preachers have shirked their responsibility to tell people the truth about sin, and instead lie to them about what the Lord their God doth require of them. If these lying, false prophets told people the truth about what God says regarding those who suffer sin upon their neighbor (Lev. 19: 17–18), there wouldn't be any butts in the seats when the plate got passed. These preachers are not preachers of righteousness, they are teachers having itching ears (2Tim 4: 3), and they absolutely count on the abysmal bible illiteracy of their parishioners ... "Priests rape boys" is indeed an air-tight, three word case against all of the mainline "christian" churches - their preachers and members, without exception. They are all going to Hell!
To the Orthodox Church

The WBC claims that Orthodox Christians are indistinguishable from Catholics. She criticizes the Orthodox Church for veneration of icons, seeing in it idolatry. The WBC criticizes the veneration of the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God , saying: “No scripture says that one should worship the image and kiss it ... or pray to Mary! She was a man whom God had ordained to give birth and raise the Lord Jesus Christ ” [123] [124]

To the ancient eastern churches

The WBC also criticizes the ancient eastern churches and claims that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church is “based on big and fat lies” and practices “a strange mixture of Jewish and pagan rituals” [125] .

Westborough Baptist Church also states that since the Orthodox churches are in complete communion with each other, they are not “true New Testament churches,” which, according to the WBC, should be “independent, local, autonomous and without any formal ties with other churches” . The WBC condemns the doctrine of deification ( English theosis ) or glorification, supported by Orthodox Christians, and calls for “stop glorifying the creature ” ( Stop glorifying the creature! ) [126] .

To Islam

In response to an article in Newsweek magazine that claimed that in the X-Ray camp at Camp Guantanamo, American soldiers flushed several copies of the Koran into the toilet, Fred Phelps wrote [127] :

What if our guys flushed the Korans into the toilet? We hope they did it. Probably done; we hope that they washed away more. Muhammad was a lascivious and pedophile obsessed with a demon who invented 300-page satanic fiction: the Qur'an! Just like his American libertine and pedophile got his Book of Mormon !

Original text
So what if our guys flushed copies of the Quran down the toilet? We hope they did. They probably did; We hope they flush more. Mohammed was a demon-possessed whoremonger and pedophile who contrived a 300-page work of Satanic fiction: The Quran! Like America's own whoremonger and pedophile wangled his own hokey Book of Mormon!

Regarding the war in Iraq, there was a WBc leaflet with the inscription: “America bombed our church of IEDs made by homosexual students ... Now God, in his punishing anger, kills Americans with Muslim IEDs:“ Do not touch My anointed ones, and do not do evil to My prophets “( 1 Chronicles 16:22 )” [128] .

In the 2011 film “America’s Most Hated Family in Crisis,” Joel Phelps said in an interview that she, along with other WBC members, publicly burned the Qur'an and called it “idolatrous trash” ( English idolatrous piece of trash ), while a Muslim cursed at her for this, but Joel believes that this is “the respect that he [the Quran] deserves” ( proper respect that it deserves ) [129] . The following week, the WBC staged a picket at the funeral of a Muslim wife. Joel Phelps believes that this death occurred also because the deceased husband opposed the Westborough Baptist Church, thereby rejecting God and calling for a “fair trial.” Then Joel Phelps added: “all these petty angry Muslims can only shut their mouths” ( all those angry little Muslims can just shut their mouths ) [130] .

To Hinduism

On the God Hates India webpage, Westboro Baptist Church wrote: “80% of the population of India claims to be Hindu. Enough. The country is full of idolatry, and the inevitable result is that there are many homosexuals and homosexuals among the people, because this is what happens when you backslide from the Living God! ” [131] ; further, she calls on the people of India to stop serving false gods and convert to Christianity [132] .

To Judaism

The Westborough Baptist Church FAQ about Jews / Jews [133] provides the following answer to question [134] :

Real Jews are only Christians [135] . The rest of the people who call themselves Jews are not - they are typical unrepentant sinners, and nothing more ... the vast majority of such Jews support homosexuals. In fact, this is the official policy of supporters of reformed Judaism - to support same-sex marriage. Of course, they are Jews who still believe in the law of God, but most have even departed from it. But it doesn’t matter whether you are a Jew or a non-Jew ... as long as you believe in Christ.

Original text
The only true Jews are Christians. The rest of the people who claim to be Jews aren't, and they are nothing more than typical, impenitent sinners ... the vast majority of Jews support fags. In fact, it is the official policy of Reformed Jews to support same-sex marriage. Of course, there are Jews who still believe God's law, but most of them have even departed from that. It doesn't matter if you're a Jew or a Gentile ... as long as you believe in Christ.

WBC members also , citing 1 Thess. 2: 14–15 .

In 1996, Phelps launched a propaganda campaign called “ Topeka's Baptist Holocaust ”, through which he tried to draw attention to the attacks on WBC pickets, claiming that they were not random, but arranged by Jews and homosexuals, and put forward slogans : “Jews killed Christ” and “Homosexually Jewish Nazis are worse than ordinary Nazis. They have more experience. The first Holocaust was organized by Jews against Christians. The last Holocaust was organized by the Jews of Topeka against the Westborough Baptist Church ” [136] [137]

He claimed that “Topiki Jews today urge Kansas tyrants to persecute Westboro Baptists. They cry for the Nazi Holocaust, meanwhile committing a Holocaust in Topeka " [138] [137] .

On March 25, 2006, the WBC distributed a leaflet written by Phelps against his Jewish foes, in which the phrase "bloody Jew" ( English bloody Jew ) was found four times, and "evil Jew" ( evil Jew ) - more than once in 12 sentences . The Anti-Defamation League sharply criticized the Westborough Baptist Church and personally Fred Phelps [139] and posted a copy of the flyer on its website [140] .

WBC considers Holocaust God's punishment for Jews [141] .

Attitude to Racism

Church founder Fred Phelps was a veteran of the Blacks Civil Rights Movement in the USA in the 1960s [142] . Westborough Baptist Church condemns racism and physical violence practiced by neo-Nazi groups and the Ku Klux Klan : “We do not believe in physical violence of any kind, and Scripture does not approve of racism. ... In this world only homosexuals are real Nazis ” [143] .

Previously, the WBC condemned individual nations and countries, for example, Italians , whom they called the nation of “ mobster-breeding perverts ” [144] and Australia, the “ land of the sodomite damned ” [145] .

Westboro announced plans to picket the funeral of Nelson Mandela , a major activist in , claiming he went to hell for adultery , resulting in his remarriage after divorce. The WBC also condemned the Dutch Reformed Church for supporting apartheid [146] [147] .

Attitude to Barack Obama

Westborough Baptist Church considers Barack Obama the Antichrist and one of the faces of the “wicked trinity”; the other they consider the former Pope Benedict XVI , who is considered as a false prophet from Revelation; the third person of the “wicked trinity” is Satan himself [148] . Mergie Phelps, daughter of Fred Phelps and attorney for the Westboro Baptist Church, categorically stated in an interview with Fox News Channel that Obama was “absolutely” going to hell, and that “he was most likely the Beast mentioned in Revelation ” . most likely the Beast spoken of in the Revelation ), and his presidency is a sign of the Apocalypse [149] .

Musical Parodies

Westborough Baptist Church has recorded and published parodies of many well-known popular songs, such as Happy , I Write Sins Not Tragedies , Hey Jude , and Come Together . In these skits, the original lyrics were replaced by homophobic, anti-Semitic, sometimes anti-Catholic texts, as well as WBC propaganda [150] . The Public Information Officer of the Westboro Baptist Church, Steve Drain, said in an interview with Vice News : “When we select songs, we really think about the most popular ones. That is the idea that from this most mainstream material, we create parodies for the sermon. ”( Eng. When we make our choice of songs, that really revolves around mostly popularity. Its mostly mainstream stuff, the whole idea of ​​our doing parodies is to preach ) [151] .

Reaction to action

Laws against protests at funerals

In response to protests at the Indiana funeral, the banned protests closer than 500 feet (150 meters) from the funeral procession; violation of this prohibition has become a felony punishable by up to three years in prison with a fine of up to $ 10,000 . Shortly before the law was passed, Westboro members threatened to stage a protest in the city of Kokomo at the funeral of a soldier killed in Iraq. The law was passed unanimously on January 11, 2006; in Kokomo, at or after this funeral, WBR members did not appear [152] . On May 23, 2006, Michigan passed a similar law; any deliberate obstruction of holding a funeral service or holding protests closer than 500 feet from the funeral procession was criminalized in this state [153] .

In the state of Illinois on May 11, 2006, the Senate Bill 1144 Let Them Rest In Peace Act was enacted, which criminalized the holding of protests at the funeral of dead soldiers or closer to 200 feet from them; for the first violation, up to 30 days of imprisonment with a fine of up to $ 1,500 were supposed, for repeated ones - up to three years in a state prison and a fine of up to $ 25,000 [154] .

On May 29, 2006, US President George W. Bush signed the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act [155] banning protests closer than 300 feet (100 meters) from the entrance to any cemetery controlled by the United States National Cemetery System during a funeral , as well as an hour before their start and within an hour after their end [156] ; such actions were followed by a fine of up to $ 100,000 and imprisonment for up to one year [156] . This bill received the extraordinary support of deputies from both parties in the House of Representatives (408 “for”, 3 “against”, 21 did not vote) and unanimous approval of the Senate [156] .

On January 11, 2011, Arizona urgently passed a law prohibiting protests at any funeral anywhere in the state, due to the fact that on January 12, funeral victims of the attempt on Gabriel Giffords were held [157] [158] .

On August 2, 2012, the US Congress passed a federal law extending the ban on protests at the funeral of military personnel: now the “forbidden time” began two hours before the funeral ceremony and ended two hours after its completion; at that time, protesters were forbidden to be closer than one hundred meters from the funeral procession or the home of the deceased's family [159] .

US Supreme Court Decision

Main article: Snyder v. Phelps ( Snyder v. Phelps )

On March 10, 2006, the WBC held a picket at the funeral of Junior Marine Corps Matthew A. Snyder, held in Westminster , Maryland [160] [161] [162] . The police, in order to separate the protesters and the participants in the funeral, put up a cordon at a distance of about 30 meters from the church where the memorial service was held, half an hour before it began [163] . On June 5 of the same year, the Snyder family filed a lawsuit about defamation, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress [164] . This was the start of a high-profile lawsuit called Snyder vs. Phelps, with plaintiff Albert Snyder , father of the late Matthew Snyder, defendants Fred W. Phelps, Sr. , Westboro Baptist Baptist Church Church, Inc. ), Rebekah Phelps-Davis and Shirley Phelps-Roper. The plaintiff accused the defendants of disseminating information online that dishonored his family, including allegations that Albert and his wife allegedly “raised [Matthew] for the devil” and taught him to “challenge his Creator, get divorced and commit adultery” [ 165] . Other defendants alleged that their parents raised their son in Catholicism. Subsequently, Snyder also filed a complaint against the defendants for intruding on his son’s funeral and staging a protest there. The charges of invasion of privacy and defamation were based on comments on the Westborough Baptist Church website; the court dismissed the allegations, citing the First Amendment to the US Constitution . On the remaining three points, the proceedings continued [166] [167] .

At the trial, Albert Snyder stated that [168]

They turned this funeral into a circus for journalists, they wanted to offend my family. They wanted their message to be heard, and for this they were ready to step over anyone. My son should have been buried with dignity, and not surrounded by a company of clowns.

Original text
They turned this funeral into a media circus and they wanted to hurt my family. They wanted their message heard and they didn't care who they stepped over. My son should have been buried with dignity, not with a bunch of clowns outside.

District Judge Richard D. Bennett, in his jury instruction, noted that freedom of speech guaranteed by the First Amendment has limitations and does not apply to rude, offensive, and shocking statements, and therefore the jury must decide: “could actions of the defendants to be extremely offensive to a reasonable person, extreme, outrageous; whether these actions were so offensive and shocking that they went beyond the scope of the protection of the First Amendment ” [169] [170] .

On October 31, 2007, Westborough Baptist Church, Fred Phelps and his two daughters: Shirley Phelps-Roper and Rebecca Phelps-Davis, were found responsible for invading privacy and intentionally causing emotional distress. The federal jury awarded Snyder $ 2.9 million in damages, and later another 6 million punitive damages for invading privacy and another 2 million for causing emotional distress (a total of $ 10,900,000 ). Having lost this court, the Westboro Baptist Church nevertheless stated that it would not change its message [171] [172] [173] and was grateful for the publicity that the verdict of the court brought to it [174] .

The defendants unsuccessfully tried to appeal the verdict on the basis of violations during the trial (allegedly prejudiced statements by the judge and violations of the “ gag order ” by the plaintiff’s lawyer) [175] , appealed.

On February 4, 2008, Judge Richard Bennett upheld the previous decision, but reduced fines from 8 to 2.1 million dollars, and the total amount of the lawsuit to 5 million [176] .

To ensure the enforcement of the claim, a lien was established on the church buildings and the Phelps Law Office [177] .

On September 24, 2009, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Westborough Baptist Church and quashed the lower court’s ruling, finding that holding a picket near the funeral procession was a manifestation of the freedom of speech protected by law, as this action concerned “subjects of public interest, including cases of homosexuality in the army the sex scandals in the Catholic Church, the political and moral behavior of the United States and its citizens ” [178] and does not violate the privacy of the soldier’s family [179] . On May 30, 2010, the Court of Appeal ordered Albert Snyder to pay over $ 16,000 to the Westboro Baptist Church as compensation for legal costs [180] . This court decision was widely publicized in the United States, many Americans supported Snyder, more than three thousand of them promised to help him financially with the payment of this compensation; political commentator Bill O'Reilly said he was prepared to pay the full amount for Snyder on March 30 [181] [182] . The American Legion raised $ 17,000 to help Snyder [183] .

On March 8, 2010, the US Supreme Court Snyder v. Phelps (Docket No. 09-751, March 8, 2010). [184] . On May 28 of the same year, Harry Reid and 42 other senators signed a note on the case as amicus curiae for the Supreme Court with the support of Snyder. On June 1, Kansas Attorney General Stephen Six ( English Stephen Six ) separately from them wrote another note in the case, which also supported the position of Snyder. Attorneys of 47 other states and the District of Columbia joined him, and only the attorneys of the states of Maine and Virginia did not support [185] [186] . Amicus curiae was composed of several news media and several human rights organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union [187] , the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and twenty-one other journalistic organizations [188] .

However, on March 2, 2011, the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of Phelps with eight votes to one. President of the Court John Roberts , expressing the position of the majority of the members of the court, wrote [189] :

What Westboro expressed, in the full context of how and where they decided to state it, gives the right to “special protection” in accordance with the First Amendment, and such protection cannot be overcome by the decision of the jury, which considered the picket outrageous.

Original text
What Westboro said, in the whole context of how and where it chose to say it, is entitled to 'special protection' under the First Amendment and that protection cannot be overcome by a jury finding that the picketing was outrageous.

Samuel Alito , the only judge in the US Supreme Court to vote against the decision, said that Snyder only wanted to "calmly bury his son," and the protesters "brutally attacked" Matthew Snyder in order to attract public attention. “Our nationwide deep commitment to free and open discussion is not a solution to such vicious insults and verbal threats that took place in this case” [190] - he also said [191]

Other legal answers

July 14, 2006 at Mundy Township ( Eng. Mundy Township ) (Michigan) WBC was fined $ 5,000 . Before June 28, Westborough notified the authorities of this municipality about a protest rally planned to be held near Swartz Funeral Home . According to the local police chief, this fine was imposed because the congregation did not maintain verbal contact for security reasons. Fred Phelps' daughter said the Holy Spirit told them not to fly to Michigan, although plane tickets had already been bought. At Webb's funeral, serious security measures were taken; 15 fire engines and many police officers called from neighboring territories were on duty at the site of the failed protest rally [192] .

Canada Prohibition

In August 2008, Canadian authorities learned that the WBC intends to protest at the funeral of Winnipeg resident Tim McLean , . By this, the protesters wanted to convey the message that the murder of this man was God's punishment for Canadians for the legalization of abortion, homosexuality, divorce and remarriage. In response, Canada closed the entrance to members of the Westborough Baptist Church [193] .

Prohibition of entry into the United Kingdom

In February 2009, British news media reported that the WBC was planning to picket on the set of the Laramie Project on February 20 at Queen Mary's College, Basingstoke, a central studio in Basingstoke, in Basingstoke . Hampshire , which is openly stated on its website [194] . It was to be their first picket in the United Kingdom [195] .

Upon hearing of the impending protest, individual members of the British Parliament, lobby groups and LGBT representatives turned to Home Secretary Jackie Smith [196] to prevent WBC members [197] from entering the country who incite hatred of LGBT people. On February 18, 2009, two days before the upcoming picket, the Home Office announced that Fred Phelps and Shirley Phelps-Roper were for their “inappropriate behavior that incited hatred of a number of communities” [198 ] , and other members of the Westboro Baptist Church may also be denied entry if they try to visit Britain [199] [200] [201] .

A number of UK religious leaders also spoke out against WBC. Six Religious Groups - The Baptist Union of Great Britain , Evangelical Alliance UK , Faithworks , Methodist Church of Great Britain , Reformed Church and Analytical Center - February 19, 2009 made a joint statement that they support the decision of the British government and condemn the activities of the Westborough Baptist Church: “We do not share hatred for lesbians and gays. We believe that God loves everyone, regardless of sexual orientation, and we unconditionally oppose their message of hatred for these communities ” [202] [203] .

Counter Protests

 
Students kiss in front of WBC protesters. Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio

Counter-protests were often held at venues at Westborough Baptist Church [51] [78] [204] [205] [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] . Sometimes opponents of WBC ideas lined up and turned their backs on the picketers from this church, showing their contempt for them.

In 1999, film director Michael Moore, because of the murder of Matthew Shepard the previous year, staged his protest against homophobia, which was shown in the television show “The Terrible Truth” ( Eng. The Awful Truth ). Michael Moore traveled on his Sodomobile, a pink bus that drove homosexual men and women, to states where homosexuality was then banned. On one of these trips, Moore stopped near Westborough Baptist Church, met with Fred Phelps and showed him "Sodomobile" [212] [213] [214]

Two days after the September 11 attacks, nineteen-year-old man Jared Dailey staged a single picket on a street corner opposite the WBC building; in his hands he held a sheet of plywood with the slogan “Not today, Fred” ( English Not today, Fred ). In two days, another 86 people joined him, carrying American flags and slogans against hatred [215] .

On May 21, 2006, during a picket in Seaford , Sussex County, Delaware, one man broke through a police fence and attacked a member of the Westboro Baptist Church who ran into a police van; perhaps he had accomplices, since five were charged. [216]

Early in the morning of August 2, 2008, someone set fire to a garage near Westborough Baptist Church, causing property damage worth about ten thousand dollars [217] [218] .

On December 12, 2008, a group of WBC members picketed the filming of The Laramie Project at the Boston Center for the Arts . In response, local activists launched the Phelps-A-Thon Internet marathon, they managed to raise over $ 4,600 for Driving Equality - a protest in defense of LGBT rights [219] .

In March 2010, a special group was set up in Richmond, Virginia to organize a counter-protest at the anticipated WBC protest against Jewish and LGBT organizations. A similar fundraising marathon, Pennies In Protest , was also organized there, at which they managed to raise about $ 14,000 for the very organizations that the WBC protested against [220] [221] .

On November 30, 2010, U.S. Army veteran and disabled Ryan Newell was arrested in his SUV parked near the Wichita City Administration building in Kansas, inside which WBC members held their meeting. Weapons and ammunition were found in the same SUV, and Newel was charged with violating weapons laws and preparing for aggravated beating. But on June 23, 2011, Newel was found guilty of impersonating a law enforcement officer and received two years probation. In addition to punishment, he also received fame and public support, he managed to raise some funds in the form of donations to pay lawyers [222] [223] .

On December 11, 2010, on the day of Elizabeth Edwards’s funeral, the Line of Love community group was about to bring about two hundred protesters to the north side of West Edenton Street in Raleigh, North Carolina, in the time when 10 WBC members picketed on the south side of the same street two blocks from the funeral procession. The members of Westborough did not like the deceased because she was tolerant of gays. WBC at that action "carried the news of the dangers of homosexuality", "Line of Love" campaigned for respect for the funeral [224] .

On February 24, 2011, hacktivists managed to disrupt the website of the Westborough Baptist Church. The church blamed the Anonymus, but they denied any involvement and blamed another anonymous hacktivist - The Jester [225] . During a live debate on The David Pakman Show, Shirley Phelps-Roper argued with another hacktivist, Topiary from the hacker group LulzSec . Phelps-Roper said that Anonymous cannot “stop the message of God,” after which Topiary, along with accomplices, took control of one of Westborough's subdomains right during the telecast [226] .

On September 16, 2011, members of Westboro picketed a concert by the rock band Foo Fighters in Kansas City , Missouri . In response, the group drove slowly in an open truck directly in front of the protesters. The musicians were dressed in homoerotic outfits and performed the song Keep It Clean with many homosexual references and hints - a parody of their viral video clip Hot Buns . In the middle of the song, lead singer Dave Grohl made a speech for equality and tolerance. The next day, Foo Fighters posted a video of this impromptu on YouTube [227] .

After the WBC announced the upcoming December 14, 2012 picket of the victims of the Sandy school shooting, hacktivists from Anonymous launched a DDOS attack on the website of the Westerborough Baptist Church GodHatesFags.com , stating: “we will continue DDOS until they forced to spend all their native church tithe to pay for bandwidth ”( Eng. We will continuously DDOS until they are forced to put their inbred church tithes to use to pay for bandwidth ) [228] . At the same time, Anonymus published a list of members of the Westerborough Baptist Church with personal data and contacts of most of them [229] .

Also in 2012, Aaron Jackson, one of the founders of the Planting Peace Foundation, intentionally bought a house across the street from the main building of the Westborough Baptist Church in order to use that house to support LGBT people. In March 2013, the house was named the “ Equality House ” and painted in the colors of the rainbow flag of gay prides [230] .

On July 14, 2013, members of the Satanic Temple social and religious group staged a pink mass at the grave of Fred Phelps’s mother, who, according to their statement, would posthumously turn this woman into a lesbian [231] [232] [233 ] .

Through one of the satirical pages on Facebook, it was possible to raise $ 80,000 to install a billboard in Topeka with the slogan “God Love Gays” ( English God Loves Gays ), which was installed and caused heated discussions on September 8, 2014 [234] .

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 About Westboro Baptist Church (Neopr.) . God Hates Fags . Westboro Baptist Church. Date of treatment October 14, 2010.
  2. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Uses 'Pokémon GO' To Battle 'Sodomites' (July 14, 2016). Date of treatment July 15, 2016.
  3. ↑ God Hates Fags (Neopr.) . Westboro Baptist Church. Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • Weiner, Rachel . Westboro Baptist Church Protests Outside Obama Girls' School , The Huffington Post (March 18, 2010). Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
    • Mikulan, Steven . H8ters LA Vacation: Fred Phelps' Antigay Baptists Come Out on Oscar Night , LA Weekly (February 25, 2009). Date of appeal May 31, 2009.
    • Melloy, Kilian . Phelps Clan Met with Revelry and Frat Boys in Chicago , EDGE Boston (March 12, 2009). Date of appeal May 31, 2009.
  4. ↑ Crowe, Kenneth C., II . School Plans 'Safe' Show , Times Union (November 14, 2009). Date of treatment July 1, 2011.
  5. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church (Neopr.) . Anti-Defamation League. Date of treatment June 20, 2010. Archived July 7, 2010.
    • Hate Map KS (unspecified) . Southern Poverty Law Center. Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • Westcott, Kathryn . Hate Group Targeted by Lawmakers , Barre, Vermont: BBC News (May 25, 2006). Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • DeLong, Katie . Hate Group Protests at Hamilton HS , Milwaukee: WTMJ-TV (May 21, 2009). Archived July 17, 2011. Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • Lane, Ray Anti-Gay Hate Group Targets Seattle Churches (Neopr.) . Seattle Post-Intelligencer (June 14, 2009). Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • McLaughlin, Mike . Kansas Hate Group Westboro Baptist Church Protest Brooklyn Synagogues , Daily News (September 27, 2009). Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
    • Williams, Reed . Opponents Rally against Westboro Baptist Hate Group , Richmond Times-Dispatch (March 3, 2010). Archived on March 5, 2010. Date of treatment March 23, 2014.
    • Hate group protests this week , The Temple News , Philadelphia: Temple University (March 30, 2010). Archived on April 6, 2010. Date of treatment June 30, 2010.
    • Fitzgerald, WV . Interview with Westboro Baptist Church: Hate in the Name of God , DigitalJournal.com (June 16, 2010). Date of treatment June 20, 2010.
  6. ↑ Jones, K. Ryan (2008), Fall from Grace (documentary).
  7. ↑ Wing, Nick . Elizabeth Edwards Funeral To Be Picketed By Westboro Baptist Church (December 9, 2010).
  8. ↑ About Westboro Baptist Church (Neopr.) . God Hates Fags . Westboro Baptist Church. Date of treatment June 18, 2017. Archived June 18, 2017.
  9. ↑ Lauren Drain, Former Westboro Baptist Member, Says Group 'Brainwashed' And 'Manipulated' Her (VIDEO) (neopr.) . Huff Post (March 7, 2013).
  10. ↑ Kuruvilla, Carol Former Westboro Baptist Church member speaks out: 'I was brainwashed' - NY Daily News (neopr.) .
  11. ↑ Daughter who fled Westboro Baptist Church tells of brainwashing - Independent.ie (neopr.) .
  12. ↑ 9 Things You Should Know About Fred Phelps and Westboro Baptist Church (Neopr.) .
  13. ↑ A Westboro Baptist Church Defector Describes Life After Leaving The Infamous 'Cult' (Neopr.) (September 25, 2017).
  14. ↑ 'I had to pray for people to die': Woman who escaped 'hate cult' Westboro Baptist Church finds peace with new life full of freedom (unspecified) .
  15. ↑ Sermon preached by Fred Phelps (neopr.) (1987). Date of treatment January 14, 2012. Archived December 8, 2006.
  16. ↑ Son of Fred Phelps Sr. says father voted out of church (neopr.) . Topeka Capital-Journal (March 16, 2014). Date of treatment March 16, 2014. Archived November 17, 2016.
  17. ↑ John Blake . `Most-hated ', anti-gay preacher once fought for civil rights , CNN (March 14, 2010). Date of treatment May 20, 2010.
  18. ↑ You Are Still Alive: NOW Is The Time To Repent (Neopr.) Westboro Baptist Church (October 27, 2011). Date of treatment November 11, 2011. Archived January 10, 2012.
  19. ↑ Baptists Denounce Latest Westboro Stunt (Neopr.) . Christianity Today (February 19, 2009). Date of treatment March 23, 2014. Archived September 26, 2009.
  20. ↑ Error in footnotes ? : Invalid <ref> ; no text for Crawley2009 footnotes
  21. ↑ 1 2 Taschler, Joe . Fate, timing kept Phelps in Topeka (August 3, 1994). Archived on September 27, 2012. Date of appeal September 13, 2012.
  22. ↑ Plummer, Darlene Church History (Neopr.) . East Side Baptist Church (2010). Date of appeal September 13, 2012.
  23. ↑ Hively, Robert J. InDepth (neopr.) . CJOnline (August 3, 1994). Date of treatment December 4, 2013. Archived December 26, 2013.
  24. ↑ Taschler, Joe InDepth (neopr.) . CJOnline (August 3, 1994). Date of treatment December 4, 2013. Archived December 26, 2013.
  25. ↑ Drain, Lauren. Banished: Surviving My Years in the Westboro Baptist Church / Lauren Drain, Lisa Pulitzer. - New York City: Grand Central Publishing, 2013 .-- ISBN 9781455512423 .
  26. ↑ Hanna, John . Anti-gay pastor Fred Phelps, Sr. dies .
  27. ↑ Anti-gay Westboro Baptist Church leader Fred Phelps dies (neopr.) . BBC Date of treatment March 20, 2014.
  28. ↑ 1 2 Burke, Daniel . Westboro church founder Fred Phelps dies (March 20, 2014). Date of treatment March 20, 2014. "The 84-year-old died of natural causes at 11:15 pm Wednesday, according to church spokesman Steve Drain."
  29. ↑ Mann, Fred. Road to Westboro: What led Fred Phelps to his beliefs and actions? (unspecified) . Wichita Eagle (April 2, 2006). Date of treatment March 23, 2014. Archived June 8, 2006.
  30. ↑ The Westboro Baptist Church Home Page (Neopr.) . Westboro Baptist Church. Date of treatment March 20, 2013. Archived January 2, 2007.
  31. ↑ animation (neopr.) . Archived February 29, 2008.
  32. ↑ Picket Locations . Archived March 31, 2009. Date of treatment March 22, 2009.
  33. ↑ Borger, Julian . Anti-gay church hounds military funerals , The Guardian (April 18, 2006).
  34. ↑ Myers, Roger Appeals court upholds Phelpses' convictions (neopr.) . The Topeka Capital-Journal (May 24, 1997). Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived on August 5, 2011.
  35. ↑ Hrenchir, Tim . Two Phelpses arrested at Brown dedication , The Topeka Capital-Journal (May 17, 2004). Archived on June 8, 2013. Date of treatment October 11, 2011.
  36. ↑ Father of Marine Killed in Iraq Sues Church for Cheering Death , Fox News (October 26, 2007). Archived on November 27, 2012. Date of treatment October 26, 2007.
  37. ↑ Hall, Mike . Walls close in on Phelpses , The Topeka Capital-Journal (April 4, 2008). Archived on May 2, 2013. Date of treatment September 4, 2008.
  38. ↑ Prosecutors drop charges against Phelps-Roper in funeral protest case , Kansas City, MO: KSHB-TV (August 23, 2010). Archived on April 4, 2012. Date of treatment August 29, 2010.
  39. ↑ "'Insane' picketers cancel Amish funeral protest" , The Age , Associated Press, October 5, 2006.
  40. ↑ Lannon, Steve . Group drops protest plan at fire victims' funeral , Lexington Herald-Leader (February 7, 2007). Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  41. ↑ Theroux, Louis . God's Squad , The Guardian (March 31, 2007). Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  42. ↑ Moore, Matthew . Westboro Baptist Church announces first anti-homosexuality picket in Britain , The Daily Telegraph (February 16, 2009). Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
  43. ↑ Controversial Church to picket Marine's funeral , Minneapolis: KARE (August 1, 2005). Archived on September 18, 2008. Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
  44. ↑ Dan Gearino . Gay marriage case looms over chief justice's speech , Sioux City Journal (January 16, 2008). Date of treatment March 23, 2014.
  45. ↑ Controlling Funeral Protests? , Wichita, KS: KAKE (January 16, 2006). Archived on April 21, 2006. Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  46. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Celebrates Pulse Nightclub Shooting In Orlando: 'God Sent The Shooter' (neopr.) . inquisitr.com .
  47. ↑ Westboro Baptist trolls LGBT people after Orlando attack (neopr.) . lgbtqnation.com .
  48. ↑ Murder charges planned in beating death of gay student , CNN (October 12, 1998). Archived on June 7, 2000. Date of treatment December 28, 2010.
  49. ↑ Scott, Michelle . Church group to protest Pitt , The Pitt News (March 8, 2003). Archived July 21, 2010. Date of treatment January 14, 2011.
  50. ↑ "Phelps' Group Protests At Soldier's Funeral" Archived July 22, 2012. . Kansas City, MO: KMBC-TV. August 5, 2005.
  51. ↑ 1 2 Rasmussen, Sarah . 1,000 UW – Stout Students Drive Protesters Off Campus , Eau Claire, WI: WEAU-TV (April 10, 2008). Date of treatment July 22, 2008.
  52. ↑ Pan, Joann . Peace lines , The Spectrum (February 23, 2009). Archived June 2, 2009.
  53. ↑ "Church plans to picket rocker Dio's memorial service" , CNN, May 30, 2010.
  54. ↑ "Kansas Church Plans To Picket Child Funerals: Westboro Baptist Church Cheers Child Deaths" Archived February 10, 2014. , Oklahoma City, OK: KOCO.
  55. ↑ English Our attitude toward what's happening with the war is the Lord is punishing this evil nation for abandoning all moral imperatives that are worth a dime.
  56. ↑ Oxley, Chuck (June 14, 2005). "His church was bombed, and now he protests funerals of the war dead . " Seattle Post-Intelligencer . Associated Press. Retrieved October 5, 2006.
  57. ↑ Slain Marine's father ordered to pay legal costs of anti-gay group , Sky News (April 14, 2010). Archived July 16, 2011. Date of treatment March 23, 2014.
  58. ↑ Mears, Bill (March 2, 2011). "Anti-gay church's right to protest at military funerals is upheld . " CNN Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  59. ↑ 1 2 Page, Jared . Church group plans protest at Pres. Hinckley's funeral , Deseret News (January 31, 2008).
  60. ↑ Kirby, Robert (February 26, 2008). "My surprise at finding that I belong to a gay church" . The Salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  61. ↑ Jonsson, Patrik . Why is the Westboro Baptist Church picketing Elizabeth Edwards' funeral? , The Christian Science Monitor (December 11, 2010). Date of treatment October 23, 2011.
  62. ↑ Raushenbush, Paul . 9 Worst Funeral Protests By Westboro Baptist Church ... And One Awesome Protest Against Them , The Huffington Post (October 12, 2011). Date of treatment October 23, 2011.
  63. ↑ Xeni Jardin . God Hates the World, by Westboro Baptist Church (neopr.) . Boing Boing (June 28, 2009). Date of treatment July 22, 2009.
  64. ↑ Ronnie James Dio memorial service: Heavy metal fans drown out Westboro Baptist Church picketers , Daily News (May 31, 2010). Date of treatment October 14, 2011.
  65. ↑ RONNIE JAMES DIO's Public Memorial Service: First Photos, Video Footage (neopr.) blabbermouth.net (May 30, 2010). - “Ronnie hates prejudice and violence. We need to turn the other cheek on these people that only know how to hate someone they didn't know. We only know how to love someone we know. " Date of treatment June 13, 2013.
  66. ↑ Mehta, Seema . Tucson rallies to protect girl's family from protesters (January 11, 2011).
  67. ↑ Bill Would Ban Westboro Picketers at Christina Green's Tucson Funeral (January 11, 2011).
  68. ↑ Medrano, Lourdes . How Tucson kept Westboro Baptist Church protests out of town (January 14, 2011). Date of treatment January 16, 2011.
  69. ↑ Zeman, William F .. Westboro Baptist Church Fails to 'Save' American University Students (January 15, 2011). Date of treatment January 16, 2011.
  70. ↑ Westboro Baptist [WBCSaysRepent]. Westboro will picket his funeral.He had a huge platform; gave God no glory & taught sin. MT @AP: Apple co-founder Steve Jobs has died at 56 .. [tweet] (unspecified) . Twitter (October 5, 2011) .
  71. ↑ 1 2 3 Tenety, Elizabeth . Westboro Baptist Church uses iPhone to announce protest at Steve Jobs's funeral , The Washington Post (October 6, 2011).
  72. ↑ Martinez, Edecio (October 7, 2011). "Westboro Baptist Church uses iPhone to announce Steve Jobs' funeral protest . " CBS News.
  73. ↑ As Newtown Plans Burials For Shooting Victims, Westboro Baptist Church Prepares To Picket (Neopr.) . CBS News. Date of treatment December 16, 2012.
  74. ↑ English Here's a hint - GOD SENT THE BOMBS! How many more terrifying ways will you have the LORD injure and kill your fellow countrymen because you insist on nation-dooming filthy fag marriage ?!
  75. ↑ Edwards, David . Westboro to picket Boston funerals, blames 'fag marriage' for bombings (April 16, 2013). Date of appeal April 16, 2013.
  76. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Tweets About Moore Oklahoma Tornado (Neopr.) . HEAVY (May 20, 2013). Date of treatment December 4, 2013.
  77. ↑ Child, Ben . Westboro Baptist Church's attempts to protest at Leonard Nimoy funeral thwarted by inability to find it (March 3, 2015). Date of treatment March 4, 2015.
  78. ↑ 1 2 Hundreds counter-protest Westboro Baptist demonstration in Orlando (neopr.) . washintonpost.com . WP Company, LLC. Date of treatment June 20, 2016.
  79. ↑ Extremism in America: Westboro Baptist Church In Their Own Words: On Jews (Neopr.) . The Anti-Defamation League. Archived on October 11, 2011.
  80. ↑ Flier from God Hates Fags (PDF) (unspecified) . Date of treatment March 23, 2014. Archived March 18, 2003.
  81. ↑ Translation is difficult. English bully has several meanings: “bully”, “bully”, “pimp”. Which of the meanings of this polysemous word the authors of the slogan had in mind is not clear. Probably the most offensive, and then the whole slogan needs to be translated into Russian as "Anti-Defamation League" - the Jewish pimps. "
  82. ↑ 1 2 Militant anti-gay church turns its sights on Jews by Eric Fingerhut, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), May 12, 2009.
  83. ↑ Translator's note: in the English text gentiles ; the question of how to correctly translate the Jewish religious term into Russian denoting all who are not born from Jews and did not accept Judaism through giyur is very controversial. Goy , Nokhri, Akum, or just a Gentile?
  84. ↑ Quillin, Martha . NC backs suit against church that pickets military funerals , The News & Observer (June 5, 2010). Archived on April 21, 2014. Date of treatment September 7, 2013.
  85. ↑ Tan, Kenneth (May 16, 2008), "Westboro Baptist Church: 'Thank God for the Great Killer Earthquake , Shanghaiist . Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  86. ↑ George Tiller Funeral Attended By Hundreds , Huffington Post (June 6, 2009).
  87. ↑ George Tiller funeral draws protests but ends peacefully , Wichita Eagle , Suzanne Perez Tobias and Joe Rodriguez, June 6, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  88. ↑ "Westboro Baptist Plans Joplin Protest" Archived March 16, 2012. , KARK-TV (Little Rock), May 26, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  89. ↑ "Police Break Up Confrontation Between Protesters in Joplin" Archived March 16, 2012. , KOLR (Springfield, MO), May 29, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  90. ↑ Easley, Jason (May 30, 2011), "300 Bikers Foil Westboro Baptist Church's Obama Joplin Protest" Archived July 24, 2012. , Politicus usa. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  91. ↑ McKinney, Emma . Harry Moseley's mum hits out at 'vile' Christian group's Twitter tirade , Birmingham Mail (October 10, 2011). Date of treatment November 23, 2011.
  92. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Newtown Funeral Protest Thwarted By Good Samaritans , Huffingtonpost.com (December 19, 2012). Date of treatment December 4, 2013.
  93. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church plans to protest Richardson's funeral (neopr.) .
  94. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Plans To Picket Elizabeth Taylor's Funeral (Neopr.) .
  95. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church To Picket Ryan Dunn's Funeral (neopr.) .
  96. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church says it will picket at funeral of Joe Paterno (neopr.) . nj.com (January 24, 2012). Date of treatment March 13, 2013.
  97. ↑ Family to remember fallen Aggie at service , The Eagle (July 4, 2012). Date of treatment March 13, 2013.
  98. ↑ Westboro Baptist says it will protest at slain lacrosse player's funeral in Baltimore . (inaccessible link)
  99. ↑ Glenn, Stacia . Westboro Church threatens to picket Powell boys' funeral as anti-gay protest , The News Tribune (February 16, 2012). Archived April 23, 2013. Date of treatment March 13, 2013.
  100. ↑ Caroom, Eliot Westboro Baptist Church promises appearance at Whitney Houston funeral, taunts fans on Twitter (neopr.) . nj.com (February 18, 2012). Date of treatment March 13, 2013.
  101. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church to Picket George Jones' Funeral (neopr.) .
  102. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Plans to Picket Lou Reed's Funeral (Neopr.) .
  103. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Promises to Picket Pete Seeger Funeral (Neopr.) .
  104. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church to Picket Maya Angelou Funeral (neopr.) .
  105. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church says it will protest Schuller funeral (neopr.) .
  106. ↑ Teitelman, Bram Jeff Hanneman Memorial Takes Place Minus WBC (neopr.) . metalinsider.net (May 24, 2013). Date of treatment November 29, 2015.
  107. ↑ Westboro Church's Disgusting Plan To Protest Robin Williams' Funeral Thwarted By Love (Neopr.) . huffingtonpost.com (August 15, 2014). Date of treatment December 16, 2016.
  108. ↑ Black, Eric . Fred Phelps Is Coming , Minnesota Independent.com (August 7, 2007). Archived December 19, 2011. Date of treatment March 13, 2013.
  109. ↑ Eliot Caroom / The Star-Ledger. Staged photo? Westboro Baptist Church claims protest at Whitney Houston funeral when none is apparent (neopr.) . The Star-Ledger (February 18, 2012). Date of treatment December 25, 2012.
  110. ↑ Eric W. Dolan. Westboro Baptists caught lying about appearance at Whitney Houston funeral (neopr.) . Raw Story (February 19, 2012). Date of treatment December 24, 2012.
  111. ↑ Memo on the Church . - "Satanic frauds preaching Arminian lies." Date of treatment March 21, 2009. Archived May 13, 2008.
  112. ↑ About Westboro Baptist Church (Neopr.) . Westboro Baptist Church. Date of treatment March 21, 2014.
  113. ↑ Barrett-Fox, Rebecca (December 17, 2010), "Pray Not for this People for Their Good": Westboro Baptist Church, the Religious Right, and American Nationalism , University of Kansas , < http://hdl.handle.net/ 1808/7738 >  
  114. ↑ Theroux, Louis. The Most Hated Family in America [Television documentary]. BBC
  115. ↑ Travis, Scott . Anti-gay church to participate in debate on gay marriage ban , South Florida Sun-Sentinel (October 15, 2008). Date of appeal September 12, 2012.
  116. ↑ Brumley, Jeff . US Supreme Court: Anti-gay protests at soldier funerals are constitutional , The Florida Times-Union (March 3, 2011). Date of appeal September 12, 2012.
  117. ↑ 1 2 "Westboro Baptist Church FAQ" .
  118. ↑ "Outlaw Sodomy" Archived on August 19, 2006. December 3, 2002.
  119. ↑ 1 2 All Parishioners of the Catholic Church are Pedophile Rape Enablers ( Neopr .) . Priests Rape Boys . - "Every time any person gives any amount of money to the Catholic Church, that person is paying the salary of pedophile rapists." Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived on September 3, 2011.
  120. ↑ Priests Rape Boys (neopr.) . Priests Rape Boys. - "the largest, most well-funded and organized pedophile group in the history of man." Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived on September 2, 2011.
  121. ↑ English There are over 1 billion Catholics in the world — that's one out of every six people alive today — and every single one of them will split Hell wide open when they die — period. And there is nothing they can do about it.
  122. ↑ "Other Christian 'Churches' have gone awhoring after strange gods" Archived on January 28, 2011. , PriestsRapeBoys.com
  123. ↑ English There is no scripture that supports bowing down to kiss images ... or praying to Mary! She was a human being, who God predestinated to bring forth the Lord Jesus Christ, and to raise him.
  124. ↑ "Russian False Religious Systems" Archived on June 5, 2009. , God Hates Russia . Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  125. ↑ Ethiopia's False Religious Systems (neopr.) . Archived on October 13, 2014.
  126. ↑ Armenia's False Religious Systems (Neopr.) . Archived August 15, 2013.
  127. ↑ Statement from God Hates Fags (Neopr.) (PDF). Date of treatment March 20, 2013. Archived May 25, 2005.
  128. ↑ Flyer from God Hates Fags (Neopr.) (PDF). - “America bombed our church with an IED made by fag students ... In His retaliatory rage God is killing Americans with Muslim IEDs: 'Saying, Touch not my anointed, and do my prophets no harm.' 1 Chron 16:22. " Date of treatment March 20, 2013. Archived June 30, 2007.
  129. ↑ Error in footnotes ? : Invalid <ref> ; no ReferenceA text for ReferenceA footnotes
  130. ↑ America's Most Hated Family in Crisis .
  131. ↑ English 80% of India's population claim to practice Hinduism . Nuff said. A country full of idolatry inevitably results in a nation full of fags and fag-enablers, because that's what happens when you depart from the Living God!
  132. ↑ "India's False Religious Systems" Archived on June 4, 2009. , God Hates India . Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  133. ↑ Translator's Note: Eng. jew is translated as “Jew” (by nationality), and as “Jew” (practicing Judaism), and as “Jew”. In Judaism, nationality and religion are closely related.
  134. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church FAQ: What do you think of Jews? (unspecified) . Date of treatment December 2, 2006. Archived November 17, 2006.
  135. ↑ Translator's note: here, it seems, the word jews is given a Christian religious meaning: God's chosen people, who before Christ were Jews, and after that - true Christians.
  136. ↑ English Fag Jew Nazis are worse than ordinary Nazis. They've had more experience. The First Holocaust was a Jewish Holocaust against Christians. The latest Holocaust is by Topeka Jews against Westboro Baptist Church.
  137. ↑ 1 2 In Their Own Words: On Jews (Neopr.) . Extremism in America: Westboro Baptist Church . Anti-Defamation League . Date of treatment July 1, 2011. Archived on June 28, 2011.
  138. ↑ English Topeka Jews today stir up Kansas tyrants in persecuting Westboro Baptists. They whine about the Nazi Holocaust, while they perpetrate the Topeka Holocaust.
  139. ↑ Anti-Defamation League (October 4, 2000). ADL Report says Homophobic 'Church' Espouses Anti-Semitism and Racism . Press release . Archived from the original on June 3, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011 .
  140. ↑ Sample WBC fliers from (neopr.) . Anti-Defamation League. Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived October 11, 2011.
  141. ↑ God's Wrath Revealed Against Germany (Neopr.) . God Hates Germany . Westboro Baptist Church. - “1933–1945 The Holocaust - In much the same way that the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar and the Assyrian King Shalmaneser were used as God's instruments to punish the rebellious Israelites, God used the evil pervert Adolf Hitler to punish and destroy millions of Christ-rejecting Jews and fags, or simply stated, God-haters. ”. Date of treatment August 17, 2011. Archived on October 6, 2011.
  142. ↑ Lauerman, Kerry (March / April 1999). "The Man Who Loves To Hate . " Mother Jones .
  143. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church FAQ: Are you associated with a militia, Aryan Nation, Nazi, KKK, or any other similar group? (unspecified) . - “[W] e don't believe in physical violence of any kind, and the Scripture doesn't support racism. ... The only true Nazis in this world are fags. " Date of treatment June 20, 2012. Archived July 11, 2011.
  144. ↑ "Picketing Schedule" . Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  145. ↑ God Hates Australia (neopr.) . godhatestheworld.com . Date of treatment February 2, 2012. Archived January 16, 2013.
  146. ↑ God Hates South Africa (neopr.) . Archived February 24, 2013.
  147. ↑ Sickening: Westboro Baptist Church Plans To Protest Mandela's Funeral (Neopr.) .
  148. ↑ Antichrist Beast Obama (neopr.) . Beastobama.com. Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  149. ↑ Edwards, David (March 6, 2011), "Westboro attorney: Obama is the 'Beast' from Revelation" , Raw Replay. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
  150. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Parodies
  151. ↑ Brainwashed by the Westboro Baptist Church (Part 1/2) , YouTube
  152. ↑ WNDU - Home (unopened) (September 18, 2012). Archived on September 18, 2012.
  153. ↑ Michigan adopts law restricting funeral protests , First Amendment Center (May 24, 2006). Archived July 23, 2006. Date of treatment March 20, 2013.
  154. ↑ Gov. Blagojevich signs 'Let Them rest in Peace Act' allowing families to peacefully grieve fallen soldiers: New law makes protesting within 200 ft of a funeral or memorial service a crime (unspecified) . Illinois.gov (May 17, 2006). Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived on August 16, 2011.
  155. ↑ Pub.L. 109–228
  156. ↑ 1 2 3 "House OKs ban on funeral protests; Leaders hope to have measure to president by Memorial Day" Archived June 14, 2011 at Wayback Machine , Washington Times , May 10, 2006. Retrieved August 6, 2007.
  157. ↑ Arizona enacts funeral protest legislation , CNN (January 27, 2011).
  158. ↑ Beard, Alia Arizona shootings: 'Funeral protection zone' bill signed by Brewer (neopr.) . Azcentral.com (January 11, 2011). Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  159. ↑ 112th Congress. The Honoring America's Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012, Public Law 112-154, Section 601 on page 1195 (neopr.) (August 6, 2012).
  160. ↑ Honor the fallen: Marine Lance Cpl. Matthew A. Snyder (neopr.) . Militarycity.com. Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  161. ↑ Lance Cpl. Matthew A. Snyder (neopr.) . Matthewsnyder.org. Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  162. ↑ WBC press release for Snyder funeral picket ( unopened ) (PDF). Date of treatment March 20, 2013. Archived February 21, 2007.
  163. ↑ 09-751 Snyder v. Phelps (03-02-2011) (neopr.) . Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  164. ↑ Snyder family complaint against WBC (neopr.) . Date of treatment August 30, 2011. Archived July 27, 2011.
  165. ↑ English to defy his Creator, to divorce, and to commit adultery
  166. ↑ "Suit OK'd against anti-gay group" . The Baltimore Sun . October 16, 2007. (недоступная ссылка)
  167. ↑ "Federal judge approves limited lawsuit against military funeral protesters" Архивировано 29 декабря 2007 года. . The Jurist , University of Pittsburgh School of Law. October 16, 2007.
  168. ↑ "Father: Funeral protest made him sick" Архивировано 3 ноября 2007 года. . EveningSun.com . October 25, 2007.
  169. ↑ англ. whether the defendant's actions would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, whether they were extreme and outrageous and whether these actions were so offensive and shocking as to not be entitled to First Amendment protection
  170. ↑ "Father of Marine Killed in Iraq Sues Church for Cheering Death, Appeals to Public Online for Help" Архивная копия от 27 ноября 2012 на Wayback Machine , Fox News , October 26, 2007.
  171. ↑ "Father wins millions from war funeral picketers" , msnbc.com , October 31, 2007.
  172. ↑ "Kansas church liable in Marine funeral protest" , Reuters , October 31, 2007.
  173. ↑ Church ordered to pay $10.9 million for funeral protest (неопр.) . CNN (31 октября 2007). Архивировано 3 ноября 2007 года.
  174. ↑ "Thank God for the $10.9 Million Verdict!" , Westboro Baptist Church, October 31, 2007.
  175. ↑ $11M damage award for picketing funeral , The Seattle Times (1 ноября 2007). Архивировано 21 октября 2012 года. Дата обращения 19 апреля 2010.
  176. ↑ Judge halves amount of damages Westboro church must pay (неопр.) . Baltimore Sun (4 февраля 2008). Архивировано 16 февраля 2008 года.
  177. ↑ "Walls close in on Phelpses" Архивировано 2 мая 2013 года. , The Topeka Capital-Journal , April 4, 2008.
  178. ↑ англ. matters of public concern, including the issues of homosexuals in the military, the sex-abuse scandal within the Catholic Church, and the political and moral conduct of the United States and its citizens
  179. ↑ "Court Says GI Funeral Protests Legal" , The Baltimore Sun , September 25, 2009.
  180. ↑ Marine's father ordered to pay Westboro's court costs (неопр.) . The Baltimore Sun (29 марта 2010). Дата обращения 19 апреля 2010.
  181. ↑ Sommers, Adam . Support grows for dad of slain Marine told to pay Westboro Baptist Church, which cheered son's death , Daily News (31 марта 2010). Date of treatment April 5, 2010.
  182. ↑ Lamothe, Dan Snyder-Phelps fight has many twists, turns (неопр.) . Marine Corps Times (6 апреля 2010). Дата обращения 6 апреля 2010. Архивировано 24 марта 2013 года.
  183. ↑ Snyder donations exceed $17,000 (неопр.) . — American Legion , 2010. — 5 April.
  184. ↑ Lyle Denniston . Court to rule on funeral pickets (неопр.) . SCOTUSblog (8 марта 2010). Дата обращения 9 марта 2010.
  185. ↑ Dwyer, Devin . States Line Up Against Funeral Hecklers in Supreme Court Brief , ABC News (Australia) (31 мая 2010). Дата обращения 4 июня 2010.
  186. ↑ 48 states: Funeral protests shouldn't be protected , The Seattle Times (1 июня 2010). Date of treatment November 23, 2011.
  187. ↑ Brief for the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland in Support of Respondent (неопр.) . Date of treatment October 9, 2010.
  188. ↑ Brief for the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and Twenty-one News Media Organizations in Support of Respondent (неопр.) . Date of treatment October 9, 2010.
  189. ↑ High court rules for military funeral protesters . Архивировано 5 марта 2011 года. Дата обращения 2 марта 2011.
  190. ↑ англ. Our profound national commitment to free and open debate is not a license for the vicious verbal assault that occurred in this case
  191. ↑ SNYDER v. PHELPS (неопр.) . Дата обращения 30 мая 2015.
  192. ↑ Michigan town bills Phelps' church over protest no-show (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Pridesource.com (20 июля 2006). Дата обращения 30 августа 2011. Архивировано 1 сентября 2007 года.
  193. ↑ Church members enter Canada, aiming to picket bus victim's funeral (8 августа 2008). Date of treatment January 14, 2013.
  194. ↑ God Hates Fags church threatens to picket Basingstoke (неопр.) . Pink News (13 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 1 июля 2011.
  195. ↑ Westboro Baptist Church justifies UK picket , The Daily Telegraph (17 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 18 февраля 2009.
  196. ↑ Home Secretary asked to ban God Hates Fags protesters (неопр.) . Pink News (17 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 18 февраля 2009.
  197. ↑ UK Borders Agency, immigration law (неопр.) . Home Office . Дата обращения 18 февраля 2009. – Part 9, 320.6 "Grounds on which entry clearance or leave to enter the United Kingdom is to be refused ... (6) where the Secretary of State has personally directed that the exclusion of a person from the United Kingdom is conducive to the public good."
  198. ↑ англ. engaged in unacceptable behaviour by inciting hatred against a number of communities
  199. ↑ Wells, Tom . Brit ban for hate preachers , The Sun (18 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 18 февраля 2009.
  200. ↑ Leach, Ben . US Church which calls for homosexuals to be killed banned from UK , The Daily Telegraph (19 февраля 2009). Date of treatment February 19, 2009.
  201. ↑ Anti-gay preachers banned from UK , BBC News (19 февраля 2009). Date of treatment February 19, 2009.
  202. ↑ Churches condemn Westboro hate speech, but challenge remains (неопр.) . Ekklesia (19 февраля 2009). — «We do not share [Westboro's] hatred of lesbian and gay people. We believe that God loves all, irrespective of sexual orientation, and we unreservedly stand against their message of hate toward those communities». Date of treatment February 19, 2009.
  203. ↑ British Christians stand up to American bigots , The Daily Telegraph (19 февраля 2009). Date of treatment February 19, 2009.
  204. ↑ Keeling, Brock . Lowell HS Students Counter-Protest . Archived February 1, 2010. Date of treatment February 3, 2010.
  205. ↑ Lowell HS Students' Counter Protest Of Crazy Religious Attention Seekers 'Successful , sfappeal. Date of treatment February 3, 2010.
  206. ↑ Westboro Church protest meets students' mocking (неопр.) . Chicago Maroon (9 марта 2009). Архивировано 12 марта 2009 года.
  207. ↑ Super Heroes vs. the Westboro Baptist Church (неопр.) . Дата обращения 23 августа 2010. Архивировано 23 августа 2010 года.
  208. ↑ Super Heroes vs. the Westboro Baptist Church (неопр.) . Дата обращения 23 августа 2010. Архивировано 23 августа 2010 года.
  209. ↑ Protest, Counter-Protest At Garfield High , KIRO-TV (15 июня 2009). Archived March 18, 2012. Дата обращения 15 июня 2009.
  210. ↑ Phelps, Westboro Baptist bringing hate message to Cedar Rapids , The Gazette (12 января 2010). Архивировано 12 августа 2011 года. Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
  211. ↑ Laramie Project counter-protesters come in hundreds, Westboro Church a no show , The Gazette (15 января 2010). Архивировано 12 августа 2011 года. Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
  212. ↑ Schultz, Emily. "Michael Moore: A Biography" .
  213. ↑ John Sweeney . The capped crusader , The Guardian (28 февраля 1999). Дата обращения 15 июня 2009.
  214. ↑ Savage, Todd . Winnebago a-go-go , The Advocate (27 апреля 1999). Date of treatment February 9, 2012.
  215. ↑ Cool Things, Protest Sign (неопр.) . Kansas Historical Society. Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  216. ↑ 5 Arrested for Attacks on Anti-Gay Protesters at Military Funeral , Fox News (22 мая 2006). Archived on June 5, 2010. Date of treatment October 2, 2010.
  217. ↑ Bush, Ann Marie . Flames engulf Phelps garage , The Topeka Capital-Journal (3 августа 2008). Архивировано 12 октября 2011 года. Date of treatment October 2, 2010.
  218. ↑ Anderson, Phil . Westboro Baptist fire ruled arson , The Topeka Capital-Journal (27 августа 2008). Архивировано 7 октября 2012 года. Date of treatment October 2, 2010.
  219. ↑ Melloy, Kilian Anti-gay group pickets Boston production of Laramie Project (неопр.) . Edgeboston.com (13 декабря 2008). Date of treatment August 30, 2011.
  220. ↑ UPDATE: Protests and counter-protests planned (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) (2 марта 2010). Дата обращения 20 марта 2011. Архивировано 21 марта 2012 года.
  221. ↑ Turning Westboro Church's Hate Into Charity (VIDEO) , Mother Jones (18 августа 2010). Дата обращения 20 марта 2011.
  222. ↑ Potter, Tim . Veteran now faces felony conspiracy charge , The Wichita Eagle (4 декабря 2010). Архивировано 27 июня 2011 года. Дата обращения 24 июня 2011.
  223. ↑ Durden, Chris . Veteran pleads guilty to lesser charges in stalking Westboro Baptist Church , Hutchison, KS: KWCH-DT (23 июня 2011). Архивировано 27 июня 2011 года. Дата обращения 24 июня 2011.
  224. ↑ McDonald, Thomasi . Westboro Baptist protest sparks its own protest , News & Observer (11 декабря 2010). Archived December 12, 2010. Дата обращения 11 декабря 2010.
  225. ↑ Anonymous denies Westboro attack , BBC News (22 февраля 2011). Date of treatment February 25, 2011.
  226. ↑ McHugh, Molly. Anonymous seizes Westboro Baptist's domain during live TV confrontation (неопр.) . Digital Trends (24 февраля 2011). Date of treatment February 25, 2011.
  227. ↑ foofighters. Foo Fighters – Keepin It Clean in KC (неопр.) . YouTube (17 сентября 2011). Date of treatment November 23, 2011.
  228. ↑ Anonymous Takes Down Westboro Baptist Church Website, Архивировано 28 января 2013 года. BetaBeat . Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  229. ↑ westboro baptist church members list static.geekbeat.tv. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  230. ↑ Reese, Diana. Rainbow house fights Westboro Baptist with love (неопр.) (21 марта 2013). Дата обращения 22 июня 2017.
  231. ↑ Goldman, Russel. 'Satanists perform 'gay ritual' at Westboro Gravesite' . July 18, 2013. ABC NEWS. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  232. ↑ Barnette, Candace. 'MPD Expects to file charges in cemetery trespassing' Архивировано 13 декабря 2013 года. . July 20, 2013.ABC WTOK. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  233. ↑ Didymus, John-Thomas. 'Satanic Temple performs 'gay ritual' at Westboro Baptist grave' . July 21, 2013. Digital Journal. Retrieved 8, 2013.
  234. ↑ 'God Loves Gays' Billboard Debuts in Westboro Baptist Church Hometown (неопр.) . NBC News .
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Баптистская_церковь_Вестборо&oldid=101275702


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