Gasprinsky, Ismail

Born in the village of Avdzhikoy , (according to other sources in the neighboring village of Ulu-Sala ), Yalta district of the Tauride province ^[3] (now the Bakhchisarai district of Crimea ) in the family of Russian service officer Mustafa Ali-oglu Gasprinsky and his wife Fatma-Sultan Temir-Gazi kyzy (maiden name of Kantakuzov). Mustafa Ali-oglu was a native of the aul Gaspra located on the southern coast of the Crimea, and therefore took the surname Gasprinsky. 04/19/1854 the family was approved in the noble dignity. Ismail Gasprinsky received his home education, in an elementary school ( mekteba ), in the Simferopol state men's gymnasium, in the Voronezh cadet corps , and then in the 2nd Moscow military gymnasium ^[4] . Without graduating, he returned to the Crimea, where he became a primary school teacher. In 1871 he left for France . From 1874 to 1875 he lived in Turkey. Returning to the Crimea, he was elected the vowel (deputy) of the Bakhchisarai City Duma. From February 13, 1879 to March 5, 1884 - the mayor of Bakhchisarai.

Since 1879, Ismail Gasprinsky made repeated attempts to create his own publishing house of newspapers in the common Turkic language, “ Faydal Eglendzhe ” (1879–1880), “Law” (1881). From April 10, 1883, Gasprinsky was allowed to publish and edit the first Russian Turkic-Slavic newspaper, Translator-Terdzhiman. For a long time it was the only Turkic-language periodical in Russia, and with the beginning of the 20th century, the oldest Muslim newspaper in the world. The newspaper lasted almost 35 years and was closed on February 23, 1918.

Through Translator-Terdzhiman, the ideas of Ismail Gasprinsky were disseminated in Crimea, Idel-Ural, the Khiva Khanate , and the Bukhara Khanate . In addition, the newspaper was distributed in Persia, China, Turkey, Egypt , Bulgaria , France, Switzerland , and the United States . I. Gasprinsky did not assume that his newspaper was more popular among foreigners than among compatriots.

The materials of the publication of I. Gasprinsky were used by the press of Islamic peoples: Ikdam, Sebakh, Gayret, Vatan, Dikkat, Hidmet, Agonk, Zaman, Cairo, Nile, Akhter, Naasuri.

In 1886, he launched the publication of an advertising application for the newspaper "Translator-Terjiman" under the name "List of Announcements." From the end of 1905, Gasprinsky began publishing the first Crimean-Turkic magazine for women, Alemi Nisvan (The Female World), which was edited by his daughter Shefika . This was the third attempt (the first two unsuccessful ones he made in 1887 - the magazine "Terbie" (Education), and in 1891 the supplement to the newspaper "Translator-Terdzhiman" - "Kadyn" (Woman)). In 1906, Ismail Gasprinsky obtained permission to publish the first humorous magazine in his native language, entitled "Ha ha ha." Later, he created a new weekly - the organ of the Muslim faction of the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the newspaper "Millet" ("People").

In 1907-1908 in Egypt, Ismail Gasprinsky published several issues of the Al Nahda (Renaissance) newspaper in Arabic. At different times, the employees of the publishing house of I. Gasprinsky were prominent figures of the Crimean Tatar culture: Osman Akchokrakly , Memet Nuzet , Yakup Shakir-ali , Usein Shamil Tokhtargazy , Ablyakim Ilmiy , Asan Sabri Ayvazov , Ismail Lyatif-zade , Seit- Abdululya zabb and Ozbely Ozben . publishing activity in 1908 on the occasion of the anniversary of the publishing house in the Kazan typography of I. N. Kharitonov , a personalized typographic font named after I. Gasprinsky was invented.

The foundation and development of the educational movement of the peoples of the Islamic East, Jadidism (a new, more secular method of teaching), which radically changed the essence and structure of primary education in many Muslim countries, giving it a more secular character, is associated with the name of Ismail Gasprinsky. I. Gasprinsky developed the foundations for the transformation of the Muslim ethno-confessional system of public education. His new teaching methods have been successfully applied not only in Crimea, but also in Tatarstan , Kazakhstan , Bashkortostan , Turkmenistan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , Azerbaijan , Turkey , Northern Persia and East China . He wrote and published a series of textbooks for national new method schools. The most famous of them was the textbook “Hodge and Subjun” (“Teacher of Children”). Since 1887, I. Gasprinsky was a member of the Tauride Scientific Archival Commission.

In 1905, I. Gasprinsky and his associates created the Muslim liberal organization Butyunrusie ittifak al muslimin (All-Russian Union of Muslims). He was a member of the Central Committee and directly headed the Crimean branch of Ittifak El Muslimin. In the fall of 1905, he and the organization’s branch headed by him moved to the positions of the “Union on October 17th . ” I. Gasprinsky was an active participant in all the Ittifak el Muslimin congresses. Among the Crimean Tatar like-minded people I. Gasprinsky are known: Ismail and Amet Mufti-zade, Mustafa Kipchaksky, Asan Sabri Ayvazov, Abdurakhman Memet oglu, Asan Tarpiev, Suleiman Krymtaev, Abdureshit Mediev, Rustam Akhundov, Ibraim Gurgbek Burzu Gurgu .

In 1907, I. Gasprinsky proposed to convene the World Muslim Congress in Cairo to unite the progressive forces of the East on the path of reform and transformation.

I. Gasprinsky stood at the origins of the All-Russian Professional Union of Printing Workers. I. Gasprinsky disseminated the ideas of organizing numerous "Welfare Societies for Poor Muslims", "Library Societies" and took part in the work of many of them.

The worldview principles and ideas of I. Gasprinsky were based on the basis of liberal ideology, the progressive development of society, the friendship of Slavic and Turkic peoples, the confessional tolerance of Christians and Muslims, and the rejection of the radical demands of socialists. I. Gasprinsky advocated evolutionary forms of development of society. It is noted that Gasprinsky saw the real prospect of progressive cultural development, solving urgent social and political problems of the Turkic world within the Russian state integrity, in alliance and harmony with the Russian people ^[5] , about which he wrote:

“The largest and most important people of Russia - the Russians - are gifted with a very rare and happy character to live peacefully and friendly with all sorts of other tribes. Envy, hostility, hostility to foreigners is not in the character of an ordinary Russian person. This is a good feature, an indisputable guarantee of the greatness and tranquility of Russia ... "

- Terjiman (Translator). 1884. No. 1 (January 8). S. 1.

The views of I. Gasprinsky on social significance are on a par with the ideas of outstanding educators and philosophers Jamalyutdin al-Afghanistan , Shigabutdin Marjani , Muhammad Abdo, Hasan-bey Melikov (Zardabi ), Mahmudhoji Behbudi and others.

I. Gasprinsky is the author of several works of fiction: the novel French Letters, a part of which is the utopian novel Dar ul Rahat Muslims; story - “African Letters - Country of Amazons”; the story "Arslan Kyz", short stories - "Mountain of the East", essay "Russian Islam. Thoughts, notes and observations of a Muslim ”,“ Russian-Eastern Agreement. Thoughts, notes and wishes ”and some others. I. Gasprinsky was the founder of many literary and journalistic genres, not only among Crimean Turks, but also among other Turkic peoples.

I. Gasprinsky was awarded the following orders: Bukhara “Golden Order of the Rising Star” (III degree); Turkish "Medzhidiye" (IV degree); Iranian “Leo and the Sun” (IV and III degree) and “Medal of the St. Petersburg Russian Technical Society” (bronze). I. Gasprinsky died in Bakhchisarai and is buried in the Zindzhirla madrasah . Monuments to I. Gasprinsky are installed in Simferopol and Bakhchisarai. Streets and library are named after I. Gasprinsky.

Named by Ismail Gasprinsky:

• Ismail Bay microdistrict in the city of Yevpatoriya
• Streets in the cities of Kazan , Simferopol , Bakhchisaray , Kherson
• street in the village of Sovetskiy
• children's football tournament ^[6] (since 2006 in Yevpatoriya)
• library in Simferopol

Ismail Gasprinsky House Museum and Monuments

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  The Ismail Gasprinsky Memorial Museum , in Bakhchisarai on the street. Gasprinsky 47a.
    911710919820005

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  Monument to Ismail Gasprinsky in Simferopol on the embankment of the river. Salgir (sculptor A. Aliyev).
    911710883860005

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  Monument to Ismail Gasprinsky in Bakhchisarai near the house number 4 on the street. Lenin.
    911710945250005

• Gasprinsky I. French letters. - Simferopol, 2003
• Gasprinsky I. Russian Islam. Thoughts, notes and observations. - Simferopol, 1881
• Gasprinsky I. Russian-Eastern Agreement. Thoughts, notes and wishes. - Bakhchisaray, 1896

• Gankevich V. Yu. In the service of truth and enlightenment. A brief biographical sketch of Ismail Gasprinsky (1851-1914). - Simferopol, 2000
• Gankevich V. Yu., Shendrikova S.P. Ismail Gasprinsky and the emergence of the liberal-Muslim political movement. - Simferopol, 2008
• Mashkevich A. A. Outstanding enlightener Ismail Gasprinsky and the development of progressive pedagogical thought of the peoples of the East in the second half of the XIX century. - Almaty, 2002
• Yablonovska N. The problem of the dialogue of cultures on the sidelines of the newspaper I. Gasprinsky "Terdzhiman" // Zbіrnik prac Science-and-pre-center center periodics. - 2005. - VIP. 13. - S. 139-146.
• Fisher AW Ismail Gaspirali. Model Leader for Asia // Tatars of the Crimea. Their Struggle. - Durham-London, 1988.
• Lazzerini EJ Ismail Bey Gasprinskii (Gaspirali): the Discourse of Modernism and the Russians // Tatars of the Crimea. Their Struggle. - Durham-London, 1988
• Devlet N. Ismail Bey Gaspirali. - Ankara, 1988
• Abdirashidov Z. Ismail Gasprinsky and Turkestan at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Communication-Relations-Influence. Tashkent: Akademnashr, 2011
• Gasprinsky Ismail: historical documentary / Comp. S. Rakhimov. - Kazan: "Zhyen", 2006
• Chervonnaya S. Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism in Russian History] // Domestic Notes. - 2003. No. 5 [ [1]

• Electronic catalog of the Republican Crimean Tatar Library named after I. Gasprinsky
• Official website of the Republican Crimean Tatar Library named after I. Gasprinsky . "
• Rustam Shukurov. Ismail Gasprinsky. Happiness Project
• Gasprinsky Ismail (from the Kazan Encyclopedia)
• Ismail Gasprinsky: a view from Tatarstan
• Gasprinsky Ismail Mustafovich (1851-1914)
• Bayramov Enver Zubeirovich. "The Great Enlightener of Russian Muslims Ismail Gasprinsky"
• Asabalyk kyrymtatar mediation tarikh site. Ismail Gasprinsky
• What unites the Zionist, the Crimean Tatar enlightener and the leader of the Karaites
• (unavailable link) Z. Abdirashidov Annotated bibliography of Turkestan materials in the Tarzhuman newspaper (1883-1917) / Central Eurasian Research Series No. 5, ISBN 978-4-904039-29-8
• Historian Alexei Sokirko on the Crimean Tatar enlightener Ismail Gasprinsky