Alushta

Climate

The climate is subtropical Mediterranean type ( see. Southern Coast of Crimea ). It is very similar in temperature to the climate of Yalta from April to September, but a little colder (on average by 0.5 ° C) from October to March. Alushta resort has 2 passes ( Kebit Bogaz and Angarsk Pass ), due to which air masses constantly move from the plains of the peninsula to the sea and back. In this regard, the climate is characterized by hot summers and mild winters, as well as comparative dryness, most of the precipitation falls from November to March. The average humidity is 72%.

The average temperature of the coldest month - January = +4.1 ° C, and the warmest month - August = +26.2 ° C. The total duration of sunshine is 2321 hours per year. The water temperature does not drop below +8 ° C even in the coldest period. The swimming season is from May to October. During these months, the water temperature is not lower than +17 ° C. The warmest sea is from July to September - when the water temperature reaches +22 ... + 27 ° C. In summer, storms are rare and short-lived.

Despite the small difference with Yalta in average temperature, in the winter period of time in Alushta was recorded (over the entire observation period) a frost of -18.3 ° C (while in Yalta it was never lower than -12.3 ° C), and the minimum temperature in the year is on average 3 ° C lower (the height of the passes is only 590-752 meters, and the height of the mountains in Yalta is almost 750 meters higher, which gives such a difference), i.e. in the USDA frost zone, Alushta is kept only in zone 8b. As a result of this, such indicators are sufficient for growth without sheltering the palm trees of Trachicarpus Fortuna , but they are dangerous for the Washingtonia niteniferous palms, which winter without problems in Yalta and Sochi.

The average annual wind speed in Alushta is 4 m / s (and in Yalta 2 m / s) - this is why a stable expression has formed that "in winter it is 3 degrees colder in Alushta than in Yalta."

The abundance of the sun, fresh air, warm sea and picturesque mountains - these are important components that make Alushta a wonderful climate resort. The famous doctor Botkin wrote: “Alushta is healthier than Yalta, there during the summer heat the air is continuously renewed by draft through the mountain passages on the sides of Chatyr-Dag.”

Alushta, according to one version , comes from the Greek αλυσίδα [alusida], i.e. chain.

Aluston Fortress was built by order of Emperor Justinian I in the VI century . Throughout the Middle Ages, Alusta was a significant coastal stronghold for all the states that owned the Southern coast of Crimea: the Roman (Byzantine) Empire , the Khazar Khaganate , and the Principality of Theodoro ^[7] .

During the reign of the Genoese, Alushta is one of the fortified points of the captain of Gothia (the so-called part of the Genoese possessions in Crimea, stretching west to Fori ). The fortress became an apple of discord between the Genoese and the Principality of Theodoro , since along with Yalta and Gurzuf, it had a marina equipped with Byzantines. The Italians called the city of Lust. Only two towers of a medieval fortress have survived to this day ^[7] .

After the Ottomans conquered the Southern coast of Crimea, Alushta was part of the Sudak Kadylyk . She lost her naval importance, becoming, like Yalta and Gurzuf, an ordinary seaside village. Nevertheless, at the climax of the heated struggle for Crimea between Russia and Turkey, it was Alushta that became the landing site of the Turkish army , which aimed to oust Russian troops from the peninsula. The Yanicharsky backbone of this landing was defeated by the operational corps of V.P. Musin-Pushkin near the village of Shuma north of Alushta. At the same time, Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Kutuzov distinguished himself, but was seriously wounded, who commanded the grenadier battalion of the Moscow Legion, who delivered the main blow.

After the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire and the formation of the Tauride province, Alushta became the center of the Volost of Simferopol and then Yalta counties . The southern coast of Crimea is developed by the concerns of the Novorossiysk and Bessarabian Governor-General Count M. S. Vorontsov . In 1833, Nicholas I the highest approves the design of a large church, the author of which was the Odessa architect G.I. Toricelli . The temple in the name of all Crimean saints and Theodore Stratilates was built and consecrated in 1842 ^[8] .

In the late XIX - early XX centuries, Alushta began to gain popularity as a resort and in 1902 received the status of a city.

At the same time, the resort suburb of Alushta, which is now part of the city and called the Professor’s Corner , began to develop. Initially, the area was called Tyrnak or Ternak ( Crimean-Tat. Tırnaq - nail), then it was called the Professor’s corner , then the Work corner (since 1920), and finally again the Professor’s corner. In 1886, after resigning, a famous Russian geologist and teacher N. A. Golovkinsky settled in his mansion in Kasteli-Primorsky. After many prominent scientists began to build their dachas nearby, the Professor’s Corner became a place where they rested, worked and lived: professors D. I. Tikhomirov, E. A. Golubev, A. I. Kirpichnikov , academician of architecture A. I. Beketov . For many years, the first Russian female doctor N.P. Suslova lived here. On her initiative, a free school for village children was opened in the Professors' Corner. Monuments were erected to N. A. Golovkinsky and N. P. Suslova in the village of Lazurnoe , at the foot of Mount Kastel . The life of the Russian writer S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky was connected with the Work Corner. Here the writer I. S. Shmelev also bought a house ^[9] .

After the loss of Perekop and Ishun positions, part of the Soviet troops retreated directly to Sevastopol, part, being cut off, retreated through Alushta and Yalta along the South Coast highway. By November 4, advanced German and Romanian units suppressed the resistance of the barriers and occupied the city. During the withdrawal of part 48 of the OKD from the Sudak along the southern coast, together with the remnants of the 294th and 297th regiments of the 184th SD, they fought on November 4 and 5, 1941 with the enemy in the region of Alushta, even occupied the city, but could not break through and moved to the mountains ^[10] .

The German occupation caused severe damage to the city, which lasted from November 4, 1941 to April 15, 1944 . More than 500 residents of Alushta died at the hands of the invaders, 231 people were hijacked to work in Germany . The city became depopulated even more after the deportation of the Crimean Tatars on May 18, 1944 . In Alushta, there are monuments dedicated to military events.

In the postwar years, Alushta developed as a seaside resort, many new boarding houses and rest houses were built. The Soviet films Captive of the Caucasus , Hearts of Three , Ships Storming the Bastions and others were shot in the vicinity ^[11] .

In 1966, the title of Honorary Citizen of the City was preempted to honor citizens for special services to the city community, for outstanding achievements and high professional skills in the development of science, health, education, culture, art, sports, political, economic, charitable and other fields . Alushta . Currently, 29 people have been awarded the title ^{[12] [13]}

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in the 503th place out of 1,115 ^[32] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[33] .

National composition

1805 - 208 people (all Crimean Tatars) ^[34]

1897 - 2182 people (1,568 Crimean Tatars) ^[35]

1926 - 4,800 (2,070 Crimean Tatars, 1,450 Russians, 480 Ukrainians, 270 Jews, 250 Greeks, 30 Germans, 20 Armenians, 10 Bulgarians)

According to the 2014 census, the national composition of the city’s population was as follows: ^{[36] [37]}

In Alushta, there is a factory of reinforced concrete structures, a dairy. Also in the city there is a winery GP Alushta , which is part of the FSUE Massandra , which produces more than 20 popular wine brands. The industry is serving in nature, the main incomes of citizens and residents of other regions of the Crimea coming to work in the summer are related to tourists who come to Alushta not only for recreation, but also for treatment in local sanatoriums.

There is a state forestry, state hunting economy.

Sanatoria

• Sanatorium "Alushta" (st. Glazkritskogo, 8)
• Sanatorium "Alushta" (Oktyabrskaya St., 16)
• Sanatorium "Marine Corner" (6, Naberezhnaya Str.)
• Sanatorium "30 years of October" (st. Glazkritskogo, 17)
• Sanatorium "Kiev" (Komsomolskaya sq., 20)
• Sanatorium "Crimea" (Partenit village, Sanatorium St., 1)
• Sanatorium “Working Corner” (6, Naberezhnaya Str.)
• Sanatorium "Slavutich" (Krasnoarmeyskaya St., 20)
• Sanatorium "Utes" (Utes settlement, 5 Princess Gagarina St.)

Transport

Since 1959, the Simferopol-Alushta intercity trolleybus line has been operating, which was extended to Yalta in 1961. The city has a marina , trolleybus and bus stations. City transport is represented by intercity routes of trolleybuses , buses , fixed-route taxis , taxis .

Communication

Communication in the city is represented by Krymtelecom companies (fixed-line telephony, mobile communications, Internet), as well as K-Telecom mobile operators (operating under the WinMobile trademark) and Volna Mobile (KTK-Telecom, network 25060 )

There is a project “Wi-Fi-embankment” - access to the Internet without a fee on the territory of the city embankment (from the meeting point to the Monument to the Fallen Government of Taurida ).

Media and television

A television:

• TRK "BRT"
• Broadcasting Company "555"
• Channel 5 - 5 TVK
• Russia 24 - 9 TVK
• Russia 1 - 11 TVK
• Channel One - 28 TVK
• 1st digital television multiplex ( Channel One , Russia 1 , Match TV , NTV , Channel Five , Russia K , Russia 24 , Carousel , OTR , TV Center ) - 30 TVK
• Star - 31 TVK
• 2nd digital television multiplex ( REN TV , Spas , STS , Home , TV-3 , Friday!, Star , World , TNT , Muz-TV ) - 32 TVK
• Crimea 1 - 33 TVK
• TVC - 35 TVK
• Carousel - 43 TVK
• NTV - 50 TVK
• 3rd digital television multiplex (regional) ( First Crimean (Crimea 1) , World 24 , LDPR-TV , STV , Moscow 24 , Crimea 24 , Millet )
• Russia K - 64 TVK

Radio:

• Radio Chanson (88.1 FM)
• Radio Record (88.5 FM)
• Radio Russia (88.9 FM)
• Radio Sea (89.3 FM)
• Radio Crimea (89.9 FM)
• Vatan Sedas (90.5 FM)
• Radio Satellite in the Crimea (91.1 FM)
• Europe Plus (101.6 FM)
• Road Radio (102.1 FM)
• Relax FM (103.4 FM)
• Autoradio (105.0 FM)
• Retro FM (106.2 FM)
• Maroussia FM (107.2 FM)
• Comedy Radio (107.9 FM)

Printed and online publications:

• Newspaper "Alushta Herald"
• Newspaper "South Coast"
• Newspaper "Mirror of Alushta"
• Newspaper "Your newspaper"
• The newspaper "RA" Our Business ""
• Internet edition "Alushta 24"
• Online edition of Alushta Online
• Newspaper Network Info
• Newspaper Delo-Plus

On the territory of the city are the Crimean Mountain Forest Research Station in the structure of the Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky. On the territory of Alushta there are 13 educational institutions: general education, music and art schools, vocational schools, consulting centers of national universities of the country. Medical services are provided by a city hospital with 7 departments, 3 polyclinics, in particular a denture, and a female consultation. There are 3 libraries and 2 movie theaters . (The vocational school was renamed a branch of the Crimean Republican vocational educational institution "Simferopol Higher Professional School of Restaurant Service and Tourism")

• "Rally Alushta."
• Super-motocross championship, super-motocross track is one of the best in the country.
• Alushta cup - Downhill DH Cycling Cross Country XCo Super D Series.
• MotoTrofi Alushta (inaccessible link) - annual competition in sports motorcycles.

• Mount Demerdzhi .
• Valley of Ghosts .
• Mount Castell .
• Mount Chatyr-Dag .
• Aluston Fortress (VI century).
• The medieval fortification of Funa (XII-XV centuries).
• Palace of Princess Gagarina .
• The cottage of the merchant N. D. Stakheev , now - the Center for Children and Youth Creativity (formerly “Palace of Pioneers”).
• The cottage "Dove" , now the Central City Library named after S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky.
• The Yukara Jami Mosque.
• The temple in the name of all Crimean saints and Theodore Stratilates .
• Cosmo-Damian Monastery .
• The city has monuments to A. S. Pushkin, M. Gorky, S. Sergeev-Tsensky, A. Griboedov, commemorative signs in honor of the Crimean partisans and Soviet soldiers-liberators.
• In the city central park - the grave of members of the government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Tauris, who were shot in 1918. In November 1940, a five-sided obelisk with a star was constructed over the mass grave according to the project of architects K. Galiev and Y. Useinov. Total height - 12.5 m.
• winery "Alushta" .
• Alushta Dolphinarium .
• park "Crimea in miniature . "

In December 2015, the Alushta city court quashed the decision to limit the number of storeys of new buildings in the historical part of the city.

• Alushta Museum of History and Local Lore, a branch of the Central Museum of Tauris (former Crimean Museum of Local Lore).
• Museum of Nature of the Crimean State Wildlife Refuge. On the territory of the Crimean nature reserve - a healing source of mineral water with a significant silver content.
• Alushta Literary and Memorial Museum of S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky .
• Literary Museum of I. S. Shmelev.
• The house-museum of academician of architecture A.N. Beketov.
• Alushta aquarium
• Museum of Water Disasters at the Lighthouse Church of St. Nicholas of Myra (the village of Malorechenskoe )

Orthodox churches of the city belong to the Alushta deanery of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( Moscow Patriarchate ) ^[38] .

Alushta

• The temple in the name of all Crimean saints and Theodore Stratilates .
• Temple of St. Luke
• Temple in the name of the Holy Royal Martyrs (construction)

Big Alushta

• Church in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky ( Utes cliff )
• Temple lighthouse of St. Nicholas of Myra (village Malorechenskoye )

City Festivals

• Festival ( Ukrainian. "Zory Alushti" ) Festival of choreography and orchestra.
• Festival of the author’s song “Meeting with youth”.

Alushta in literature and art

• A number of movies were shot in and around the city. The list of them: “Gadfly” in 1952, “The Captive of the Caucasus, or Shurik's New Adventures, ” “Chanita's Kiss” in 1972, “ Sportloto-82 ,” “ Three Plus Two, ” the Ukrainian series “ You, the Present, ” "Guardian angel"

• Adam Mickiewicz wrote in Alushta one of the Crimean Sonnets .
• In Alushta, part of the action of the epic of Ivan Shmelev “The Sun of the Dead ” is placed.
• In honor of Alushta, the mineral Alushtit is named.

Cultural groups

• Alushta brass band "Alushta"
• Cossack choir of the Alushta Cossack community of the Crimean Cossack Union (MSCT)
• The ensemble of Russian folk instruments “Crimean souvenir”
• Ensemble of violinists of Alushta DMSh
• Vocal and choreographic groups of the Center for Youth

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  Cinema "Storm"

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  Dacha Stacheeva

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  City center

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  Alushta park

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  Alushta park

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  The rotunda is a symbol of the resort city.

• Information at the beginning of the 20th century : Alushta // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Alushta children's music school
• List of cultural monuments of Alushta in Wikigid

• Kogonashvili K.K., Makhneva O.A. Funa // Aluston and Funa. - (Archaeological sites of Crimea). - Simferopol: Crimea, 1971. - 96 p.
• Tygliants-Golovkinsky P.K. Professor’s Corner .. - K .: Stilos Publishing House, 2013. - 288 p.

• Interactive map of Alushta