Qiqihar ( Chinese trad. 齊齊哈爾 , ex. , Pinyin : Qíqíhā'ěr ; Manchu : Qiqigar [hoton]) is a borough in Heilongjiang Province of the PRC . The second most important urban district of Heilongjiang Province.
| urban district | |
| Qiqihar | |
|---|---|
| 齐齐哈尔 | |
| A country | PRC |
| Enters into | Heilongjiang Province |
| Includes | 7 urban areas, 1 urban county, 8 counties |
| Adm Centre | |
| History and geography | |
| Date of education | |
| Square | |
| Height | |
| Timezone | |
| Economy | |
| GDP | 128 billion yuan |
| Population | |
| Population | |
| Official language | Chinese |
| Digital identifiers | |
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Content
Geographical position
Qiqihar is located in the west of Heilongjiang Province, on the left bank of the Nenjiang River, 288 km north-west of Harbin .
Climate
Climate Tsitsikara sharply continental . The average annual temperature is only +3.5 ° C (very severe winters, the average January temperature is –19.2 ° C , July is +22.8 ° C ). The average annual rainfall is small - 420 mm . More than half of the rain falls in the summer.
| Climate Tsitsikara | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan. | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sen | Oct. | Nov. | Dec | Year |
| Average maximum, ° C | −12,7 | −7,8 | 2.3 | 12.9 | 21.0 | 26.2 | 27.8 | 26.1 | 20.1 | 11.1 | −1,3 | −10,4 | 9.6 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −19,2 | −14,8 | −4,5 | 6.1 | 14.4 | 20.3 | 22,8 | 20.9 | 14.0 | 4.8 | −7,1 | −16,2 | 3.5 |
| Average minimum, ° C | −24,5 | −20,9 | −11 | −0.9 | 7.3 | 14.2 | 17.9 | 16.2 | 8.5 | −0.7 | −12 | −21,2 | −2,3 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 1,3 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 15.1 | 30.5 | 64.2 | 137.5 | 94 | 44.8 | 19.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 419.9 |
| Source: World Climate | |||||||||||||
History
The settlement was founded by the Mongols in 1333 . In the 17th century, during the years of the Russian-Zen border conflict, the importance of this conveniently located settlement increased dramatically: a post station was established in the nearby Bukue (卜奎) in 1665, and river forces began to be based in the village of Tsitsikhe from 1674. In 1675, troops armed with firearms came here, and in 1691 a fortification was built in Bukwe. In 1699, the Heilongjiang Jiangjun rate was moved here from Mergen ; at the same time, fudutun was appointed to manage the surrounding lands, the rate of which was also located here. Due to the inconvenience of the location, all military units were subsequently transferred from Qiqihe to Bukui, however, the name Qiqihe (Qiqihar) was also transferred to Bukuy.
In 1895, the Heishui Commissariat (黑水 厅) was established here. Since 1907, the transformation of government structures in Manchuria from military to civilian began, and the Heishui Commissariat was transformed into the Longjiang government (龙江 府) of Heilongjiang province.
| Qiqihar plan. | Explanations to the Qiqihar Plan |
In 1931, Manchuria was occupied by Japanese troops . General Ma Zhanshan tried to repel the Japanese in the Qiqihar region, but was defeated. In 1932, the puppet state of Manzhou was formed. In 1934, the division of Manchukuuo into 15 provinces and one particular city was introduced, and Qiqihar became the administrative center of the new province of Longjiang. In 1936, Qiqihar officially received city status.
During the Soviet-Japanese war on August 19, 1945, Tsitsikar was occupied by troops of the Trans-Baikal Front . Freed from the Japanese invaders, the city came under the control of the Soviet military administration [1] [2] . After the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of Manchuria on April 24, 1946, the administration of the city was transferred to the newly formed people's democratic administration, controlled by the Chinese Communists . Until the end of the civil war of 1946-1949. Qiqihar remained under the control of the CCP [3] .
After the end of World War II , Longjiang Province was renamed Nenjiang ; Qiqihar remained the center of the province, and this situation was confirmed by the program of the new administrative division of the Northeast adopted on June 5, 1947 by the government of the Chinese Republic. In May 1949, the communist authorities annexed Nenjiang Province to the neighboring Heilongjiang Province, and Qiqihar became the administrative center of the united province. In 1954, Songjiang Province was included in its composition, after which the Heilongjiang Provincial Government moved from Qiqihar to Harbin .
In 1958, the Nenjiang Special District (区 专) was formed, whose governing bodies were located in Qiqihar. In 1960 it was liquidated, but in 1968 it was restored as Nenjiang District (嫩江 地区). In 1985, the Nenjiang district and the city of Qiqihar were disbanded, and the city of Qiqihar was formed in their place.
Population
The population of the city district of Qiqihar is 5.611 million people, of which 883 550 live directly in the urban center (as of January 1, 2005 ). In 2002 in urban areas there were 809 thousand inhabitants, and in 1959 about 559 thousand.
Economy
The city has developed heavy machinery; there is a pulp and paper mill; food industry. Qiqihar is a river port (where navigation on the Nenjiang River begins).
Administrative divisions
The city district of Qiqihar is divided into 7 city districts, 1 city district, 8 counties:
| # | Status | Title | Hieroglyphs | Pinyin | Population (2010) | Square (km²) | Density population (/ km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| one | Area | Lunsha | 龙沙 区 | Lóngshā qū | 354,987 | 283 | 1,060 |
| 2 | Area | Jianhua | 建华 区 | Jiànhuá qū | 292,579 | 81 | 2,716 |
| 3 | Area | Tefan | 铁锋 区 | Tiěfēng qū | 331,951 | 695 | 432 |
| four | Area | Anansi | 昂昂溪 区 | Áng'ángxī qū | 80,109 | 623 | 144 |
| five | Area | Fulaerji | 富拉尔基 区 | Fùlā'ěrjī qū | 256,159 | 375 | 720 |
| 6 | Area | Nanjishan | 碾子 山区 | Niǎnzishān qū | 72,151 | 290 | 276 |
| 7 | Mailissa Daur National District | 达斡尔 族 区 | Méilǐsī Dáwò'ěr Zúqū | 165,852 | 1,948 | 87 | |
| eight | City County | Nehe | 讷河 市 | Nēhé shì | 625,892 | 6,664 | 96 |
| 9 | County | Longjiang | 龙江县 | Lóngjiāng xiàn | 572,764 | 6.197 | 97 |
| ten | County | Yan | 依安县 | Yī'ān xiàn | 480,035 | 3,780 | 130 |
| eleven | County | Taylai | 泰来 县 | Tàilái xiàn | 302,027 | 4,061 | 79 |
| 12 | County | Gannan | 甘南县 | Gānnán xiàn | 368,734 | 4.384 | 87 |
| 13 | County | Fuyu | 富裕县 | Fùyù xiàn | 276,537 | 4,335 | 65 |
| 14 | County | Keshan | 克山县 | Kèshān xiàn | 403,175 | 3,632 | 127 |
| 15 | County | Kadun | 克东县 | Kèdōng xiàn | 264,285 | 2,083 | 134 |
| sixteen | County | Baiquan | 拜泉县 | Bàiquán xiàn | 519,766 | 3.569 | 154 |
Twin Cities
- Krasnoyarsk , Russia (2005) [4]
- Ufa , Russia (2015) [5]
Notes
- ↑ The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. M.M. Kozlov . - M .: Owls. Encyclopedia, 1985. - 832 p. - p. 772.
- ↑ Freeing Cities: China
- ↑ Newest history of China. 1928-1949 / Ch. ed. M.I. Sladkovsky . - M .: Science, 1984. - 439 p. - p. 244–247, 261.
- ↑ Contacts with foreign cities External relations - the official site of the Krasnoyarsk city administration (Rus.) (English) (German)
- ↑ Ufa and the Chinese city of Qiqihar became twin cities // December 1, 2015, Bashinform
Literature
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 tons] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Links
- Qiqihar - information on the territory, population and history of changes in the administrative-territorial division on the site 行政 区划 网(whale.)