Paints and varnishes (LKM) are composite compositions applied to surfaces to be treated in liquid or powder form in uniform thin layers and forming a film after drying and hardening, which has strong adhesion to the base. The formed film is called a paint coating, the property of which is to protect the surface from external influences (water, corrosion, temperatures, harmful substances), giving it a certain look, color and texture.
Paintwork materials are divided into the following groups:
- paint
- enamel
- varnish
- primer
- putty
- antiseptic
Content
Deciphering Names
On banks with paint, varnish, a primer or putty there is a certain "code". These signs can tell a lot and are designed to make it easier for customers to choose a product. First of all, the name of the material should be indicated on the package - paint, enamel, varnish, etc. (the first group of signs). Next comes the second group of signs, indicating the basis of the material in the can or bottle. It depends on the chemical composition.
For example, alkyd enamel PF-115 . The letter designation “PF” indicates that the enamel is made on the basis of a pentaphthalic binder, the first number 1 is for external use, 15 is the catalog number.
According to the type of the main binder, paints and varnishes are divided into:
Paints and varnishes (LKM) based on polycondensation resins:
- AU - Alkydurethane
- UR - Polyurethane
- GF - Glyphthal
- FA - Phenolic
- KO - Organosilicon
- FL - Phenolic
- ML - Melamine
- CH - Cyclohexanone
- MCH - Urea (urea)
- EP - Epoxy
- PL - Saturated Polyester
- ET - Etrifthal
- PF - Pentaphthalic
- EF - Epoxy ester
- PE - Polyester unsaturated
Paints and varnishes (LKM) based on polymerization resins:
- AK - Polyacrylate
- AC - alkyd-acrylic paints
- MS - Oil and Alkydroxy
- VA - Polyvinyl Acetate
- NP - Petroleum polymer
- VL - Polyvinyl acetal
- FP - Fluoroplastic
- BC - Based on vinyl acetate copolymers
- ХВ - Perchlorovinyl
- KC - Rubber
- XC - Based on vinyl chloride copolymers
Paints and varnishes (LKM) based on natural resins:
- BT - Bituminous
- HL - Shellac
- KF - Rosin
- JAN - Amber
- MA - Oil
Paints and varnishes (LKM) on the basis of cellulose ethers:
- AB - Acetobutyrate cellulose
- SC - Nitrocellulose
- AC - Cellulose Acetyl
- EC - Ethyl Cellulose
On the packaging after the letters through the hyphen are numbers indicating what work this material is intended for:
- 0 - primer
- 00 - putty
- 1 - weatherproof (for external use)
- 2 - limited weather resistance (for internal use)
- 3 - conservation paints
- 4 - waterproof
- 5 - special enamels and paints
- 6 - oil and petrol resistant
- 7 - chemically resistant
- 8 - heat resistant
- 9 - electrical insulating and conductive.
The second and subsequent digits indicate the development number and do not carry any information at the household level. And only in oil paint (MA) does the second digit indicate the type of drying oil.
A hyphen is placed between the second and third groups of signs (enamel ML-12, varnish PF-2).
After the number assigned to the material, it is also possible to add an alphabetic index characterizing some features of the material. For example, HS - hot drying, HS - cold drying, PM - semi-matt, etc.
The color of the material, which is placed at the end of the cipher, is indicated by the full word - blue, yellow, etc. For example, “Enamel ХВ — 113 blue” - perchlorovinyl enamel, for outdoor use, blue.
The fourth group is just a serial number assigned to the paintwork material during its development, denoted by one, two or three digits (enamel ML-111, varnish PF-283). The fifth group - (for pigmented materials) indicates the color of the paint and varnish material - enamel, paint, primer, putty - in a full word (enamel ML-1110 gray-white). Exceptions to the general rules: When designating the first group of signs for oil paints containing only one pigment, instead of the word “paint” indicate the name of the pigment, for example, “meerkat”, “mummy”, “ocher”, etc. (meerk MA-15).
For a number of materials, the following indices are placed between the first and second groups of signs:
- B - without volatile solvent
- B - for water-borne
- VD - for water dispersion
- OD - for organic dispersion
- P - for powder
The third group of signs for primers and semi-finished varnishes is denoted by one zero (primer GF-021), and for putties by two zeros (putty PF-002). After a hyphen, one third is put in front of the third group of signs for oil-dyed oil paints (red MA-015).
In the fourth group of signs for oil paints, instead of a serial number, they put a number indicating which paint is made on paint:
- 1 - natural drying oil
- 2 - drying oil "Oxol"
- 3 - glyptal drying oil
- 4 - pentaphthalic drying oil
- 5 - combined drying oil
In some cases, to clarify the specific properties of the paint coating, after the serial number put the letter index in the form of one or two capital letters:
- B - highly viscous;
- M - matte;
- H - with filler;
- PM - semi-gloss;
- GHG - low flammability, etc.
LKM film thickness
The routing for a specific paint material contains the information necessary for applying paint, including recommended thicknesses of wet and dry coating layers, volumetric content of non-volatile substances, limiting dilution values and others. When such information is available, it is easy for the painter to use the comb to provide the required dry layer thickness [1] [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Guidelines for the training of inspectors on visual and measuring quality control of painting works / Pirogov V.D. - 3. - Yekaterinburg: LLC ID Origami, 2012. - 208 p. - 1000 copies.
- ↑ Corrosion protection / Kozlov D.Yu .. - Yekaterinburg: OOO ID Origami, 2013. - P. 343. - 440 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-904137-05-2 .
See also
- Wet layer thickness gauge
- Oil varnishes
- Vykraska
- Enamel paints
- Petroleum Resins