Dwarf (tractor)

Engine

In the tractor, the two-stroke oil-gas oil engine with a vertical cylinder and Mamin's improvements, well-known in the Russian outback, are used. In particular, the increased degree of compression, in which hot gases are better ignited, allowed instead of the heating head to use the simplest igniter - an iron finger, which is unscrewed from the cylinder for starting and glowing red hot in the horn placed directly on the tractor. The advantage of this design is that the igniter, unlike the conventional calorizer, is not cooled by the environment, and the engine does not stall in cold or wet weather.

Power - 12 (in the first instance 10) hp

The engine speed is 650 min ^-1 . The injection of water into the cylinder, which is usual for oil engines, is not used to regulate the speed.

Engine lubrication system - under pressure.

The cooling system is steam-and-water, without a radiator , a fan and a pump; water cools the engine, simply by evaporating on the cylinder. Water supply - by gravity.

The engine can be started within 7 minutes.

Transmission

Maximum simplified, no gearbox , gear differential replaced with original self-acting steering gear. The torque is transmitted from the motor shaft to the drive axle by a worm gear . Transfer one, there is no reverse gear. There is a pulley for using the tractor as a stationary engine.

Chassis and steering

Chassis of forged parts, suspension of three wheels - tough. Leading are two rear wheels with a diameter of more than a meter, with iron rims and lugs. The front wheel has a smaller diameter, about 0.7 m, and serves to direct the movement of the tractor using the simplest steering gear. The rear wheels, unlike the Fordson, are covered with wings, so as not to throw mud at the tractor driver.

Tests of a 10-strong specimen in the Moscow region at the machine-building station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy showed that the tractor develops a pulling force of 350-400 kG on a hook.

With a two- plow Aksai plow , the tractor showed a productivity of 1.5 hectares per 10-hour working day with a capture of 53 cm , a plowing depth of 15–18 cm and an average speed of 2.7–3.5 ^km / _h . At the same time, the consumption of crude oil was 23.5 ^kg / _ha and lubricating oil, 3.6 ^kg / _ha .

The cost of the tractor in the small series amounted to 1,600 rubles, with large-scale production the price was planned to be reduced to 900-800 rubles.

Benefits

• The simplicity of the design and the lack of difficult to manufacture (gearbox, differential) and easily failing (radiator) parts.
• Suitability for repair by owner or village blacksmith.
• The use of the well-known and familiar two-stroke combustion engine.
• The use of extremely cheap low-quality fuel, a small range of necessary lubricants (only cylinder oil for the engine and any thick ointment for the chassis).
• Lack of electrical equipment.

Disadvantages

• One speed.
• The center of gravity is shifted to the rear axle, which is why the tractor is prone to rearing and tilting.
• There is no reverse gear.

On the remaining original copies of the tractor is not known. In the Saratov Museum of Fighting and Labor Glory on Sokolovaya Mount a model was installed. Later this model was moved to the building of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Saratov region at the corner of the University and Big Cossack streets.