Jeti ata ( Kazakh. Jeti ata , “Seven Grandfathers”; Kyrgyz. Jeti ata , “Seven Fathers”; another meaning is “Seven Ancestors”; there is also a variant of writing “Jeti ata”) - Kazakhs and Kyrgyz , also at the Bashkirs ( Ete Byuyn ). The principle of “Jeti ATA” implied the mandatory knowledge of the names of their ancestors on the male line to the seventh generation. Relatives up to the seventh generation were considered close and shared responsibility for each other [1] ; marriages between them were prohibited in order to avoid incest .
Content
Terms
Related to this system is the terminology of kinship , extending to the seventh knee [1] [2] :
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Other Generations 7 Terms
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Laws
Prohibition of closely related marriages
Relatives to the seventh generation were considered close from ancient times, however, marriage between them was not initially prohibited. A direct ban on closely related marriages was introduced by Yesim Khan at the turn of the XVI and XVII centuries . His decree read: “If the Kazakhs, being relatives to each other, marry, they are sentenced to death” [7] . This rule prohibiting marriages up to the seventh generation on the male line was enshrined in the codes “ Esima the ancestral path ” and “ Zheti Zharga ”. Only in exceptional cases were marriages permitted in the sixth generation. However, this ban was ignored by the Kazakh Genghisides - the torus .
Since the ban on closely related marriages was the norm of customary , not Muslim law , after the accession of Kazakhstan to the Russian Empire, the ban gradually lost its severity. The law of modern Kazakhstan also does not prohibit marriage to the seventh generation, but there is a ban between siblings [8] .
Education of a new kind
After the eighth tribe appeared in the clan, the aksakals of this clan announced to other surrounding clans that another clan of Kazakhs had been added, to whose girls one could marry. Then permission was granted for the marriage of one young man and one girl who have come of age. At the wedding, a white mare was cut, the newlyweds washed it with milk and gave the name of the clan, and the heads of other clans proclaimed a baht ( blessing ) [9] .
Modernity
Today, the traditions of the Jeti ATA are paid great attention to the oralmans and Kazakhs living outside of Kazakhstan . So, more than 70% of Kazakhs in China know all seven of their generations [10] .
Jeti ata in culture
Proverbs
Kazakhs have proverbs related to Jeti ATA:
- “Zhetі atasyn bіlmegen zhetesіz” (he who does not know his ancestors is ignoramus );
- “Zheti atasyn, bilgen ұl zheti zhurttyk қamyn zher” (he who knows the names of his ancestors respects his people ) [7] ;
- “Zheti atasyn bilmegen zhetimdіktің belgisi” ( ignorance of seven ancestors is a sign of orphanhood ) [11] .
- “Zheti ata shezhіreңdі bіl, zhtpis eldіn tіlіn bіl” ( know seven ancestors and the language of seventy countries ) [12] .
- Kyrgyz proverbs
- “Jeti Atasyn Bilbegen Jeteleme Cool Marshes” (“He who does not know his seven ancestors is a slave”) [13] .
Mats
- "Zhetpis zheti atatanyң, zhtpis zheti babasynyk auzyn нrayyn" (I had your 77 ancestors 77 of your ancestors ). [14]
- “Zheti atannyң amyn sigeyin” ( literally translated “I had seven of your grandfathers,” which basically means “I had seven generations of your ancestors”). [15]
In the literature
In the poem “Kalkaman-Mamyr” by Shakarim Kudaiberdiev , the couple is in love who has violated the prohibition of incest to the seventh knee [16] .
In 2017, the book “Seven Generations of the Ascending Genealogy of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin” was published [17]
Examples
( Senior Zhuz - Shapyrashty ):
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( Middle Zhuz - Argyn - Tobykty ) [19]
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( Aksuyek - Tore )
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Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Shezhіre and the names of generations . Gonzo. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Жеті ата және жеті ұрпақ атауы жайлы не білеміз? - "Zhardem"
- ↑ https://need4stud.ru/document/093771.pdf
- ↑ http://kitaptar.bashkort.org/files/Tel%20hikmәtttәre.doc
- ↑ http://kyrgyztil.taalimforum.kg/index.php/user/reader/34?pid=group&id1=1044&id2=1045&id3=1046&t=149&pc=14
- ↑ "Kyrgyzstan." Uluttuk Encyclopedia: 3-vol. Bashki ed. Asanov Ү. A., B .: Mamlekettic teal jean encyclopedia borboru, 2011. ISBN 978-9967-14-074-5
- ↑ 1 2 Zheti ata (seven generations). . Toy business . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 26, 2011 No. 518-IV “On marriage (matrimony) and the family” (as amended and supplemented as of July 2, ) . Information system PARAGRAPH. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Zheti ata turaly. . Massaget.kz Zhastar portals. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Kazakhs living in China consider China their Homeland , NUR.KZ (June 12, 2015). Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Zheti ata zhne shezhіre - "Ақиқат" Ұлттық қоғамдық-саяси magazines (English) . akikat.kazgazeta.kz. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Zhety atata bіlesің be?
- ↑ Do you know your ancestors (Jet Ata)? . limon.kg. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Dәuren Қuat: Aspan taulardyң ayasinda (әңgime) . Ет Debet portals . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Kazakh humor (Russian) , Picabu . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Қalқaman mamyr poems әәkәrіm Құdayberdіұly қysқasha mazmұny . Cұraқ-Zhauap sites . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ A book about Putin’s ancestors presented in Khakassia . NTV . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Nazarbay bi: what is known about the grandfather of the President of Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan news | Tengrinews
- ↑ Yrғyzbay . Rodovod . Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
Literature
- Zhety ata // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- Жеті атаны білуіміз керек
- Shezhіre and names of generations
- Seven ancestors will help us