Amapa

The territory of the state is 142,827.9 km² , 18th place among 26 states of the country, the area is comparable with countries such as Bangladesh and Tajikistan , or with the Omsk region of the Russian Federation .

The state has the shape of a rhombus , bordered in the north by Suriname and French Guiana (along the Oyapok River ), in the south and west - with the state of Para . In the east of the state is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean . The state also includes several islands in the mouth of the Amazon and the Atlantic Ocean ^[1] .

The territory of Amapa occupies the northeastern part of the Amazonian lowland , is covered by more than 90 % humid tropical forest , almost untouched by human activity. About 40% of the territory belongs to the Amazon basin, the remaining rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean .

The highest point is the Tumuk-Umak ridge ( Serra-Tumukumaki ) on the border with Suriname and French Guiana ( altitude 701 m above sea level ) in the territory of the Tumukumaki National Park ^[2] .

Climate

The state is crossed by the equator , the climate is typically equatorial , without a dry season , the amount of rainfall of each month is at least 35 mm . Relatively dry season begins in August - November (no more than 100 mm per month), in January - May 300-400 mm falls, per year - more than 2500 mm. The average monthly temperature in Macap is from +25.7 ° C in February to +27.9 ° C in October ^[3] . At night, the temperature does not fall below +20 ° C, during the day it does not rise above 35 ° C, in areas on the coast of the ocean the difference between night and day temperatures is only a few degrees.

Before the colonization by Europeans, the Indian tribes of the Arawak group lived on the territory. The first recorded European study of the territory of modern Amapa was recorded in 1500 , when the Spaniard Janes Pinson , known for swimming with Columbus in 1492 , explored the territory from the modern state of Pernambuco to Guiana , including the mouth of the Amazon . However, under the terms of the Tordesillas Treaty , land could not be annexed to Spain , and no settlements were founded.

The region was first settled by the British and Dutch , who were soon expelled by the Portuguese . In the XVI century , the French began to settle. The Utrecht world of 1713 allocated the territory of French Guiana , however, territorial claims of France and Portugal (and later Brazil ) were advanced until the end of the 19th century .

On May 1, 1900, the arbitration in Geneva recognized the territory of Amapa as Brazilian, it was included in the state of Para . During the Second World War in 1943, the Amapa Federal Territory was allocated from Couple ^[4] . On October 5, 1988, the Brazilian Constitution was adopted, where Amapa stood out as a separate state.

The population of the state, according to the 2005 census , is 596 thousand people (less lives only in the state of Roraima ). The population in the 1990s grew by 5.7% per year . Back in 1967, the population of the Amap federal territory was only 103 thousand inhabitants ^[5] . State urbanization - 93.7%. More than half of Amapa's population live in the capital city of Macapa .

74.4% of the population are Parda , 21.4% are white , 4.5% are blacks , 0.8% are Asians and Indians ^[6] . Almost the entire population speaks Portuguese .

According to information collected during the 2010 census by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the state’s population is:

Amapa - part of the Brazilian Federation, has the same rights as the rest of Brazil .

Administratively, the state is divided into two mesoregions: North Amapa and South Amapa , each with two microregions. The state has 16 municipalities .

The head of state is the governor . Since 2010, the Governor is Camilo Capiberibe . The Parliament of Amapa - the Assembly-Legislative .

Three representatives are sent to the upper house of parliament , as from all other states. In the lower - 8 deputies out of 513.

The basis of the economy is manganese mining and the forest industry .

In 1941, the large Serra do Naviu field was discovered in the center of the state, later connected to the port of Macapa by rail ^[7] .

Other areas of the economy are hardwood harvesting, collection of Brazil nuts , hevea juice ^[5] . Also developed fishing in rivers and the ocean . Agriculture is represented mainly by the cultivation of cassava and rice , livestock is represented by breeding cattle ^[8] .

Tourism is underdeveloped.

In the state’s export , timber is 75.5%, manganese - 18.7%, and palm core - 5.5%.

You can get to Amapa from the outside by water and air . The waterway is along the rivers of the Amazon basin or along the Atlantic Ocean. For air traffic, Macapa International Airport was built near the state capital.

The automobile road network is poorly developed, has local significance. The railway connects Macapa port and Serra do Naviu manganese deposit.

•   Amap Wikimedia Commons Media Files

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  Sakak Museum near Macapa

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  Typical vegetation in Amapa

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  Equator Monument in Macapa

• Independent Republic of Guiana (Kunani)

• Amapa's official site (port.)