Anaheim

Foundation of the city

The city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by fifty German immigrants who lived in San Francisco , whose families came from Franconia , a historic region that was mainly incorporated into Bavaria . After a trip to California in search of suitable grape growing areas, the group decided to purchase 1,165 acres (4.71 km ² ) of land for $ 2 ^[2] per acre from Juan Pacifico Ontiveros from the territories of his large Rancho San Juan Ranch on the river Santa Ana (territory of modern Orange County ).

Their new settlement was called Annaheim (Annaheim), which translated from German means "house on the (Santa-Ana River)" ( Ana - Spanish version of the name Anna, heim - German "house"). Later the name was changed to Anaheim. Hispanic neighbors settlement was known as Campo Alemán ( English German Field, German Field). The settlers for $ 750 per share formed the “Company of the Anaheim Vineyard Company” ⁽² )

Although grapes and winemaking were their main goal, most of the fifty settlers were mechanics, carpenters and artisans who had no experience in winemaking ^[2] . The community allocated 40 acres for the center of the town, and the first building there was a school. The first residential building in Anaheim was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette was created in 1870, and the first hotel was built in 1871. For 25 years, this area has been the largest producer of wine in California. However, in 1884, the vines were infected and by the next year the whole fishery was destroyed. Soon other crops came to replace it — walnuts, lemons, and oranges — and the supply of fruits and vegetables brought a good income when the Los Angeles area (from which Orange County later separated) was connected to the continental rail network in 1887.

One of the founding fathers of the city was the son of the famous German surgeon Dr. Amadeus Langenberger August Frederick Langenberger (German, English August Langenberger, born in 1824 in Stadthagen) ^[3] . He owned four languages ​​and used them successfully in commerce. He emigrated to New Orleans at the other end of the United States in 1846, and in two years he was carried to California by the local Gold Rush . Two years of searching for gold brought him only limited success, and he switched to the trade in all types of goods in San Gabriela, where he met the daughter of the Santa Ana ranch owner, Juan Pacifico Ontiveros - Maria Petra Ontiveros - and married her in 1850. ^[3] After another 2 years, the family moved to her father's ranch, and Augustus became one of the most prominent livestock breeders of these places, delivering cattle to San Francisco fairs every year ^[3] . The couple had 7 children in the 1850s - early 1860s. In 1857, Augustus played a significant role in choosing a specific part of the ranch by the Los Angeles vineyard company to create the colony of Anaheim ^[3] .. He saw the opportunity to be the first to start trading in the new settlement and built a two-story house, on the second floor of which he lived with his family, and on the first one he opened a department store and a department of the transport company Wells Fargo & Co., which authorized him in 1860 to send and receive cargo and mail. ^[3] . He was the director and president of Anaheim Union Water Co. and was elected to the county council of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, where he served in 1868-1869. ^[3] .

The famous Polish actress Helena Modjeevska settled ^[4] in Anaheim with her husband and her friends from Poland, representatives of the creative intelligentsia, who had endured the unfreedom of their native country, divided by the European powers - Prussia, Austria-Hungary and Russia. Among the Polish immigrants were: the writer Henryk Sienkiewicz , Julian Sypnevsky and Lucian Paprotsky. Living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeevska (her family name in America was simplified to Modjeska) became friends with Clementina Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger, whom he fell in love with after his death in 1867 ^[3] , when Clementine was wife of the neighbor Augustus - the grower Theodore Schmidt. Two streets got their name in honor of these women: Helen Street and Clementine Street, ^[5] and they are located next to each other, as a symbol of strong friendship that connected Helen Modgescu and Clementine Langenberger. Modjeska Park ^[6] in West Anaheim is also named after the actress. Schmidt saw the design name “Clementina Street” on the plan of surveying Tract Langenberg drawn up by Langenberger. Considering the neighbor’s love for his wife, he gave up his possessions to him, issued a power of attorney to Langenberger and left the city ^[3] .

First half of the 20th century.

In the first half of the 20th century, before the discovery of Disneyland , Anaheim was a large village full of orange groves. It was their owners who were engaged in the cultivation of oranges. One of the landowners was a man named Bennett Rain Baxter. He owned many lands in the north-east of Anaheim, where today is the baseball stadium Angel (Angel), Angel Stadium . ^[7] He came up with many ideas for watering orange trees and shared them with other landowners. Ben Baxter and other landowners helped make Anaheim a prosperous rural settlement before Disneyland changed the terrain forever. Today, along Edison Park, there is a street named after him Baxter Street.

In 1924, members of the Ku Klux Klan were elected to the city council of Anaheim on the platform of political reform. Up to this point, the city was under the control of a long-standing business and civilian elite, which were mostly people from German countries . Given its tradition of moderate secular drinking, the American Germans did not strongly support the Prohibition in the United States . The mayor himself was the former owner of a pub. Led by the pastor of the First Christian Church, the clan was a group of politically oriented non-German immigrants who strengthened their influence and accused the elite of corruption, undemocracy and self-interest. The Ku Klux Klans sought to create an exemplary, orderly local community in which the ban on alcohol would be strictly enforced. At that time there were about 1,200 members in the Clan in Orange County. A comparison of the economic and professional structure showed that these two groups, supporters and opponents of the Clan, were similar and approximately equally well-off. The clan members were Protestants, like most of their opponents, but many German Catholics were also in opposition to the clan. Before joining, clan members showed a higher rate of voting and civic activism than their opponents, and many of the residents of the district who joined the clan did it out of a sense of civic activism. After an easy victory in the local elections in April 1924, Clan representatives immediately dismissed city officials, known as Catholics, and replaced them with Clan appointees. The new city council tried to force to keep dry law. After the victory of the Clan, his capitul held mass rallies and initiation ceremonies all summer ^[8] .

Opponents of the KKK’s influence on Anaheim’s policies were organized, bribed one of the Clan members, obtained a secret list of clan members, exposed the Clan members who had participated in the state level primaries, and defeated most of these candidates. Opponents of the Clan in 1925 regained control of local self-government, and they managed during the snap elections to get the clan members elected in April 1924 to be recalled. The clan cell in Anaheim quickly collapsed, its newspaper closed after losing a libel suit, and the preacher who led this cell moved to Kansas ^[9] .

Anaheim is located about 40 km south-east of Los Angeles .

According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of ​​132 km ² , of which 129 km ² is land and 2.6 km ² (1.92%) is water. From the north it borders with the city of Fullerton .

Cityscape

Tourism is the largest and most important industry in Anaheim. The Anaheim Convention Center is home to many national conferences, and The Walt Disney Company is the largest urban entrepreneur.

Anaheim Canyon Business Park accounts for 63% of Anaheim’s industrial area and is the largest industrial area in Orange County. Anaheim Canyon is also the second largest business park in Orange County. ^{[10] [11] The} business park owns 2,600 enterprises, which employ more than 55,000 employees.

Some well-known companies that have corporate offices and / or headquarters in Anaheim:

• AT & T
• Fujitsu
• General Dynamics
• Hewlett-Packard ^[12]
• Isuzu - North American headquarters
• Panasonic ^[13]
• Raytheon
• Seagate ^[14]
• ZyXEL - manufacturer of routers, communicators and other network products

According to the results of the US census in 2010, the population of Anaheim is 336265 people. The average population density was 2555.2 people per square kilometer.

The racial makeup of Anaheim: 52.7% White , 14.8% Asian, 2.8% Black , 0.8% Native American, 0.5% Hawaiian or Oceanian, 24% Other Races, 4.4% Descendants two or more races.

The city had 104237 housing units, housing density 792.1 per km². 48.5% of housing was occupied by owners (47.8% of the population lived in their own houses), and 51.5% lived in rented housing (51.5% of the population lived in rented housing).

As of 2000, according to census data , the median income per household in the city was $ 47,122, and household income $ 4,9969. For men, the average income is $ 33,870, and for women, $ 28,837. The average per capita income is $ 18,266. 10.4% of families or 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.9% of young people under 18 years old and 7.5% of adults over the age of 65 years.

Schools

As of May 2006, Anaheim is served by eight public school districts: ^[15]

• Anaheim City School District
• Anaheim Union High School District
• Centralia School District
• Magnolia School District
• North Orange County Community College District
• Orange Unified School District
• Placentia-Yorba Unified School District
• Savanna School District

In addition, Anaheim is home to 84 public schools:

• Elementary 46
• Junior High 9
• High school 14
• Alternative Education 6

Private schools include Acaciawood Preparatory Academy , Cornelia Connelly High School , Fairmont Preparatory Academy and Servite Hight School .

Higher education

The city has two private universities: the University of Anaheim and the Southern California Institute of Technology.

Libraries

Anaheim has eight branches of public libraries.

• Anaheim Convention Center - the largest convention center on the west coast
• Angel Stadium of Anaheim
• Disneyland (Disneyland)
• Honda Center (Honda-Center)

• National Hockey League team - Anaheim Ducks ( Stanley Cup Winner 2007)
• Major League Baseball Team - Los Angeles Angels from Anaheim ( World Series Champions 2002 )

•   Vitoria , Spain
•   Mito , Japan
•   Orlando , FL , USA

• City of Anaheim, California - Official City Site