Osip (Joseph; Giuseppe) Ivanovich Bove ( Italian: Giuseppe Bova , fr. Joseph Bové ; October 24 [ November 4 ] 1784 , Petersburg - 16 [28] June 1834 [3] , Moscow ) - Russian architect , famous for the reconstruction of Moscow after the fire 1812 The role of Bove in creating the image of Moscow can only be compared with the work of Russia in St. Petersburg . He worked mainly in the style of classicism .
| Osip (Giuseppe) Ivanovich Bove | |
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| Worked in cities | Moscow |
| Architectural style | neoclassicism , empire |
| Major buildings | Theater Square , Bolshoi Theater |
| Town planning projects | reconstruction of Moscow in the years 1813-1824 |
Content
Biography
Bové was born in St. Petersburg to the family of Neapolitan painter Vincenzo Giovanni Bova, who came to Russia in 1782 to work in the Hermitage . Mother - Catherine Knappe, the daughter of the artist Carl Knappe . The name given to baptism Giuseppe was later converted into Russian manners in Osip Ivanovich. Shortly after the birth of Osip, the family moved to Moscow .
Architectural education in the architectural school during the Expedition of the Kremlin building in F. Camporesi . He entered the service in 1801, was an architect at the Kremlin expedition and then in the commission of buildings; worked under the guidance of M. F. Kazakov and K. I. Rossi in Moscow and Tver .
During World War II, Bove served as the cornet of the Irkutsk Hussars . In 1813 he returned to the city service. To restore the burnt Moscow, a special Commission on the structure of Moscow was created, in which Beauvais became the architect of the fourth section and was responsible for the central districts of the city: Tverskaya, Arbatskaya, Presnenskaya, Novinskaya and City parts. In 1814, Bove was appointed chief architect of the “facade”, supervising the projects and their “production exactly according to projected lines, as well as issued plans and facades”. In this post, Bove managed to renew the look of the ancient capital, with a new scale for Moscow and a unified stylistic concept. With the help of the master plan, approved in 1817, Bove embodied the idea of a city-monument to the glory of the greatness of the Russian Empire.
In 1816, Bove received the title of architect from the council of the Imperial Academy of Arts , converted to Orthodoxy, and married the widow Princess Avdotya Semenovna Trubetskaya , born Guryeva (1786-1871). In the same year, Bove filed with the Imperial Academy of Arts a petition for awarding him the title of academician of architecture. The Academy gave the architect the task to design a theater building for 3 thousand people. However, Bove did not fulfill the assigned task, and the title was not awarded to him [4] .
Under the leadership of Beauvais, in the center of Moscow, the Classicist stalls in front of the Kremlin were rebuilt (not preserved), the Red Square was reconstructed, earthwork fortifications around the Kremlin were demolished and a ditch was laid, the Kremlin (Alexander) was built , the Manege was built (engineering structure developed by A. A Betancourt ), created Theater Square ( 1818 - 1824 ) with the Bolshoi (Petrovsky) Theater (1821-1824; a revised project by A. Mikhailov [5] ). Outside the center, Beauvais is building a Gradsky hospital behind the Kaluga outpost ( 1828 - 1833 ). The Triumphal Gate , built according to the design of Beauvais at the Tverskoy Outpost (1827–1834), was recreated in 1968 near the Victory Monument on Poklonnaya Hill , which was under construction at that time.
Died Bove in Moscow, buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery .
Other Beauvais Architects
The younger brothers Osip Ivanovich, Mikhail (1797–?) And Alexander, also worked as architects in Moscow under his leadership.
List of facilities
- 1802 - 1836 - Trinity Cathedral (Orthodox church in the town of Klin )
- 1814 - 1815 - Trading rows across from the Kremlin (on the site of GUM , not preserved)
- 1820 - 1822 - Kremlin (Alexander) garden with a grotto
- 1824 - 1825 - Manege
- 1818 - 1824 - Theater Square
- 1821 - 1824 - Bolshoi Theater
- 1827 - 1834 - The Triumphal Gate at the Tverskaya Outpost (now at Victory Park )
- 1828 - 1833 - City Hospital (now City Hospital No. 1 named after NI Pirogov). Moscow, Leninsky Prospect, 8 building 1
- House in the possession of his wife in Petrovsky Lane (formerly Theological), now number 9
- The house of N. Gagarin (later the Book Chamber ) on Novinsky Boulevard , destroyed during World War II
- 1822 - 1824 - The Church of St. Nicholas in Kotelniki . Moscow, 1st Kotelnichesky per. 8-10
- 1822 - The Church of St. Michael the Archangel in the estate of his wife in Arkhangelsk. The village of Arkhangelskoe, Ruza district, Moscow region
- 1825 - 1828 - Pokrovskaya Church . The village of Pehra-Pokrovskoye, Balashikha District, Moscow Region (authorship is attributed on the basis of similarity to similar buildings, no documentary evidence has been preserved)
- 1825 - 1828 - Restructuring of the building of the Novokaterininskaya hospice hospital, construction of the church of Catherine the Great Martyr (now the city hospital No. 24, corner of Petrovka and Passionny Boulevard , No. 15/29).
- 1825 - 1831 - Reconstruction of the Znamenskaya church of the village of Kholmy in the country estate of his wife.
- 1820s - Taganka Mall (Not Preserved)
- 1830 - The Church of the Great Ascension at the Nikitsky Gate (revision of the project of F. M. Shestakov in 1829 , completed after the death of Bove A. G. Grigoriev )
- 1832 - Restructuring of the Church of All Sorrows of Joy . Moscow, Bolshaya Ordynka , 20
- 1833 - The Church of the Trinity in the Danilovsky Monastery
- 1830 - 1839 - Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Yegoryevsk (blown up in 1935 by decision of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee).
- 1838 - the new multi-headed completion of the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin in Krasnoe Selo [6]
Family
He converted to Orthodoxy and married Avdotya Semyonovna, née Guryeva (1786–19.3.1871), who in her 1st marriage married Guards-Lieutenant Prince Alexei Ivanovich Trubetskoy (d. 03.02.1813), from whom the village of Znamenskoye The hill in Verey County, where Beauvais reconstructed the church .
They had children:
- Sergey (27.6.1817 —?)
- Nikolay (16.9.1818 —?), Mozhaisk district judge (1859–1866); his daughter Evdokia (1848–1887) was married to the Mozhaisk Zemstvo police officer, a guard lieutenant colonel Gavriil Alexandrovich Varzhenevsky (1828–1891).
- Alexander (11/23/1823 —?), Staff captain in 1857
- Michael (14.3.1827–28.3.1883), MD, State Counselor (1827)
Notes
- ↑ Bove Osip Ivanovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ 1 2 Bove Osip Ivanovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ "Russian Biographical Dictionary" indicates: July 21 ( August 2 ), 1834 .
- ↑ Bove, Osip Ivanovich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Libson V. Ya. , Kuznetsova A. I. The Bolshoi Theater of the USSR: History of the construction and reconstruction of a building. - M .: stroiizdat , 1982. - p. 34-39. - 136 s.
- ↑ About the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos in Krasnoe Selo. The history of the revival of the temple
Literature
- Pokrovskaya, Z.K. Osip Beauvais. - M .: stroiizdat , 1999. - 352 p. - ( Masters of architecture ). - ISBN 5-274-00592-6 .
- Pokrovskaya Z. K. O. I. Bové // Architects of Moscow. - M .: Moscow Worker, 1981. - P. 195-205. - 302 s.
- Grabar I. History of Russian Art, St. Petersburg., 1912, t. I. History of Architecture (introduction)
- People of Russian science: Essays on outstanding figures of natural science and technology / Ed. S.I. Vavilova. - M., L .: State. publishing house of technical-theoretical literature. - 1948.
- Bove, Osip Ivanovich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Bove 1816 and 1835. III // The genealogical book of the nobility of Moscow province. The nobility of the blessed and honored: A — I / ed. L. M. Savyolova. - M .: Izd. Moscow nobility, 1914. - p. 134-136.