The Ilokan language (Ilokano, Iloko) is one of the Filipino languages , the Ilok language. It is the main language of interethnic communication for peoples living in the northern part of Luzon and the third most spoken language among the languages ββof the Philippines . In total in the Philippines he speaks it as a native apprx. 7.7 million people, as in the second - 2.3 million people. (estimate, beginning of the 21st century). Ilokanski also speaks part (75.6 thousand people; census, 2000) of Filipino immigrants in the United States .
| Ilokan language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | ilokano, pagsasao nga Iloko |
| Countries |  Philippines |
| Regions | North about. Luzon |
| Total number of speakers | 7.7 million ( II ), 2.3 million ( II ) |
| Rating | 75 |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages ββof Eurasia |
Austronesian family
| |
| Writing | Latin, formerly baybayin |
| Language Codes | |
| GOST 7.75β97 | silt 203 |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | ilo |
| ISO 639-3 | ilo |
| WALS | |
| Ethnologue | |
| Linguasphere | |
| ABS ASCL | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
- 1 Classification issues
- 2 Linguogeography
- 2.1 Range and abundance
- 2.2 Sociolinguistic information
- 2.3 Dialects
- 3 Writing
- 4 Linguistic characteristic
- 4.1 Phonetics and phonology
- 4.2 Morphology
- 4.3 Syntax
- 5 Literature
- 5.1 Dictionaries
- 6 References
Classification Issues
The Ilokan language is one of the Filipino languages , is included in their North Luson branch. A more accurate classification is not completely clear: it is traditionally believed that it forms a separate group there, however, according to lexicostatistics, it appears in the central Cordillera subgroup of the south-central Cordillera group.
Linguogeography
Range and abundance
Distributed in the Philippines - in the north-west of the island of Luzon (provinces of North and South Ilokos , Abra , La Union ; common name - Ilokandia ), as well as in many other areas of the island (in the neighboring provinces of Kagayan, Gornaya Isabela, Nueva Viskaya, Kirino , Sambales, Pangasinan, Tarlak, Nueva Esih, in Manila) and on some other islands ( Mindoro , Mindanao , etc.)
Sociolinguistic information
Teaching at school, television and radio broadcasting is conducted in Ilokan, and a multi-genre artist is developing. literature.
Dialects
There are 2 dialect zones: northern (provinces of Northern Ilocos and Abra) and southern (southern Ilocos and La Union).
Writing
Until the end of the 19th century, the Ilokan version of the Filipino syllable was used (a baybayin dating back to Brahmi , see Indian letter ). The peculiarity of this option is the use of a special sign (in the form of a cross ) to indicate the absence of a vowel after the final consonant (similar to the viram sign in Devanagari ). The oldest monument written on it is Doctrina Cristiana (1621). Since the mid-18th century, writing has been used on a Latin graphic basis.
- Modern Ilokan alphabet :
A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Γ±, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Linguistic characteristic
Phonetics and Phonology
Vocalism is represented by five vowels (six in the north, since it also includes / Ι― /), with the phonemes / o / and / u / in the original words being allophones .
In consonantism there are 21 consonants, including 2 types of phoneme / r / (as in Spanish) and alveo-palatal series .
Morphology
A system of demonstrations (service words with the meaning of spatial, temporal and deictic orientation) is developed.
In the verb inflection, in addition to affixes, reduction is widely used.
Syntax
Used special, so-called. βFilipinoβ strategy for coding verb actants , in which the role of the semantic topic of the utterance is determined by the affix in the verb.
Literature
- Foronda M. A bibliographical survey of Iloko linguistics, 1621-1974 // Language Planning. Manila, 1977. P. 368-413 (496 items)
- Ilocano dictionary and grammar. Ilocano-English, English-Ilocano. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001.
- Vanoverbergh M. Iloko grammar. Bauko, [1955]
- Widdoes H. A brief introduction to the grammar of the Ilocano language. Manila 1950
Dictionaries
- Ilocano English English Ilocano Dictionary. Hippocrene, 1998.
- Carro A. Iloko-English dictionary, transl. and rev. by M. Vanoverbergh. [Manila, 1956]
- Constantino E. Ilokano dictionary. Honolulu, 1971