The Leningrad grammar school is a direction in Soviet linguistics of 1930-1980, formed in Leningrad and uniting mainly German philologists. The main representatives of the "first" generation of this school include V. M. Zhirmunsky (1891-1971), S. D. Katznelson (1907-1985), L. R. Zinder (1903-1995), V. G who worked in Leningrad . Admoni (1909-1993), M. I. Steblin-Kamensky (1903-1981), who worked in Leningrad and Moscow, V. N. Yartsev (1906-1999), M. M. Gukhman (1904-1989); to the "second" generation - Yu. S. Maslov (1914-1990), A. M. Mukhin (1922-2008) and V. M. Pavlova (born 1925).
The school did not have a pronounced organizational unity, but in the approach to language, all of these researchers have much in common. Relying mainly on the material of Germanic languages, they saw one of the main tasks of linguistic analysis in identifying the general laws of the historical development of the grammatical structure of the language. Unlike the classical young grammatical tradition , they recognized the systemic nature of the language and did not consider the development of a genetic classification of languages a priority; unlike classical structuralism, synchronous description of the language was not considered a priority and negatively related to attempts to strictly distinguish synchrony and diachrony, to narrow the subject of linguistic research and to formalize the metalanguage of linguistics. They also attached great importance to the study of the so-called. philosophical problems of linguistics, the relationship of language and thinking, the social nature of language, the relationship of vocabulary and grammar, etc.
A number of representatives of this school (primarily S. D. Katsnelson and M. M. Gukhman) were influenced by the ideas of N. Ya. Marr and especially I. I. Meshchaninov about the “stagedness” of the language, which gave rise to B. A. Serebrennikov in 1980 -years to talk about "neo-Marrism" in Soviet linguistics; but, from the point of view of other historians of science, the degree of influence of Marr in this direction is not so great and is manifested mainly in the shift of priorities from the genetic study of languages to the historical-typological.
The disadvantages of this school (characteristic of the first generation of its representatives) often include an archaic and complicated metalanguage bearing the imprint of philosophical discourse of the 18th-19th centuries, excessive immersion in abstract philosophical problems, vagueness and vagueness of terminology, as well as well-known isolationism with respect to the two leading areas of linguistics XX century - structuralism and generativeism. At the same time, many representatives of the Leningrad school spoke on topical problems of world linguistics (as they understood them): we can mention articles by S. D. Katznelson on laryngeal theory (1954), V. M. Zhirmunsky on the relationship of synchrony and diachrony (1958, 1960 ), M. M. Gukhman on the concept of a system in synchrony and diachrony (1962), her own article on structuralism (1964), etc. In 1972 and 1975, S. D. Katznelson's works appeared containing an analysis of a number of ideas of generative semantics expressed in the works of C. Fillmore and W. L. Chafe . The second generation of this school is very close to structuralism and especially to the functionalism of the "Prague" sense .
The main merit of this school is its attention to the problems of the evolution of the grammatical structure (which were not central to either structural or generative linguistics, despite the intensive development of problems of diachronic grammatical typology in the works of such prominent theorists of structuralism as E. Sepir , R.O. Jacobson , E. Kurilovich and E. Benvenist ). In this regard, the work of representatives of the Leningrad grammar school are direct predecessors of the modern " theory of grammatization " and modern grammatical typology. Many of the provisions that entered the world linguistic usage in the 1970-1980s and are considered generally accepted were formulated by representatives of the Leningrad grammar school several decades earlier.
A number of ideas of the Leningrad grammar school (especially the ideas of S. D. Katznelson) influenced the Leningrad Aspectological School and the Leningrad (later St. Petersburg) school of functional grammar . The connection of works of this direction with some ideas of modern cognitive linguistics is also traced.
In the 1960s, the efforts of representatives of the Leningrad grammar school (primarily V. M. Zhirmunsky) held several major conferences on grammatical typology, based on the materials of which thematic collections were published: “Morphological structure of a word in languages of various types” (M.- L., 1963), “Morphological typology and the problem of the classification of languages” (M.-L., 1965), “Analytical constructions in languages of various types” (M.-L., 1965), “Ergative construction in languages of various types” (M.-L., 1967) and "Questions in the theory of parts of speech: On the subject Ale languages of different types "(Leningrad, 1968). Thus, the Leningrad grammar school largely paved the way for the emergence of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) typological school in the second half of the 1960s, created by the efforts of A. A. Kholodovich and continued the above tradition since 1969; Thus, S. E. Yakhontov (born 1926) took an active part in the work of both schools.
A significant contribution of representatives of the Leningrad grammar school to the study of many particular problems of Germanic studies, especially the historical grammar of Germanic languages and dialectology.
Content
- 1 Bibliography
- 1.1 1945
- 1.2 1957
- 1.3 1963
- 1.4 1964
- 1.5 1965
- 1.6 1967
- 1.7 1968
- 1.8 1970
- 1.9 1972
- 1.10 1974
- November 1, 1975
- December 1, 1976
- 1.13 1979
- 1.14 1981
- 1.15 1982
- 1.16 1985
- 1.17 1986
- 1.18 1987
- 1.19 1988
- 1.20 1994
- 1.21 1996
- 1.22 1998
- 1.23 1999
- 1.24 2001
- 1.25 2002
- 1.26 2004
- 1.27 2007
- 1.28 2009
Bibliography
1945
- Meshchaninov I.I. Sentence members and parts of speech Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1945 .-- 322 p.
1957
- Shcherba L.V. Selected works in the Russian language. M .: Uchpedgiz, 1957. - 188 p.
1963
- Zhirmunsky V.M., Sunik O.P. (ed.). Morphological structure of a word in languages of various types. - M. - L .: Higher. School, 1963.
- Meshchaninov I.I. The structure of the proposal, M. - L., 1963.-
1964
- Admoni V.G. Fundamentals of grammar theory. M. - L., Nauka, 1964 .-- 106 p.
- Mukhin A.M. Functional analysis of syntactic elements (based on the material of the Old English language). - M.-L .: Nauka, 1964 .-- 293 p.
1965
- Zhirmunsky V.M., Sunik O.P. (ed.). Analytical constructions in languages of various types. M .; L .: Nauka, 1965 .-- 343 p.
- Serebrennikov B.A., Sunik O.P. (ed.). Morphological typology and the problem of classification of languages. - M. - L .: Nauka, 1965 .-- 303 p.
- Zinder L.R. Collection of tasks in general linguistics. The manual on the course "Introduction to Linguistics" for correspondence students of the 1st course. - 2nd ed., Rev. - L.: Publishing House of Leningrad University, 1965. - 36 p.
1967
- Zhirmunsky V.M. (ed.). Ergative construction in languages of various types (studies and materials). L .: Nauka, 1967 .- 312 p.
- Meshchaninov I.I. Ergative design in various types of languages. L .: Nauka, 1967 .-- 249 p.
1968
- Zhirmunsky V.M., Sunik O.P. (Ed.) Questions of the theory of parts of speech on the material of languages of various types. L .: Nauka, 1968 .-- 343 p.
- Mukhin A.M. The structure of sentences and their models. L .: Nauka, Leningrad Oblast, 1968 .-- 231 p.
1970
- Zhirmunsky V.M., Arutyunova N.D. (ed.). Morphological structure of the word in Indo-European languages. M.: Nauka, 1970 .-- 387 p.
1972
- Katznelson S.D. Typology of language and speech thinking. L .: Nauka, 1972.- 213 p.
1974
- Katznelson S.D. On grammatical semantics // All-Union Scientific Conference on Theoretical Problems
Linguistics: Abstracts of plenary sessions. M., 1974. p. 66-76.
1975
- Maslov Yu.S. Introduction to linguistics. Textbook allowance for filol. University specialties. - M .: "Higher School", 1975. - 328 p.
- Admoni V.G. (ed.). Theoretical problems of the syntax of modern Indo-European languages. Materials of a scientific conference devoted to theoretical problems of the syntax of modern Indo-European languages (Leningrad, April 20-23, 1971). L .: Nauka, 1975 .- 224 p.
1976
- Zhirmunsky V.M. General and Germanic linguistics. L .: Nauka, 1976 .-- 698 p.
- Mukhin A.M. Linguistic analysis. Theoretical and methodological problems. L .: Nauka, Leningrad, 1976.- 283 p.
1979
- Admoni V.G. (ed.). The structure of sentences and phrases in Indo-European languages. - L .: Nauka, 1979.- 296 (?) P.
- Admoni V.G. The structure of grammatical meaning and its status in the language system .- // Admoni V.G. (ed.). The structure of sentences and phrases in Indo-European languages. - L .: Nauka, 1979.- S. 6-36.
1981
- Admoni V.G. (ed.). The structure and scope of sentences and phrases in Indo-European languages. L .: Nauka, 1981.- 296 p.
1982
- Katznelson S.D. (Ed.) The category of subject and object in languages of various types. L .: Nauka, 1982. - 189 p.
1985
- Pavlov V.M. The concept of a token and the problem of the relations of syntax and word formation. L .: Nauka, Leningrad, 1985 .-- 300 p.
1986
- Katznelson S.D. General and typological linguistics. Repl. ed. A.V. Desnitskaya. - Leningrad: Science, LO, 1986.- 298 p.
1987
- Maslov Yu.S. Introduction to linguistics. Ed. 2nd. M.: Higher School, 1987. - 272 pp.
- Zinder L.R. Introduction to linguistics. Collection of tasks. Textbook manual for universities. - M .: Higher. school., 1987. - 176 p.
1988
- Admoni V.G. Grammatical system as a system of construction and general theory of grammar. M., 1988.
1994
- Admoni V.G. System of forms of speech utterance. St. Petersburg: "Science", 1994. - 153 p.
1996
- Pavlov V.M. Field structures in the language structure. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 1996 .-- 116 p.
1998
- Bondarko A.V. (ed.). General linguistics and grammar theory. Materials of readings dedicated to the 90th birthday of Solomon Davidovich Katznelson. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1998 .- 000 p.
1999
- Mukhin A.M. Functional Syntax St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1999 .- 184 p.
- Shubik S.A. (ed.). The system of language and structure of utterance. Materials of readings dedicated to the 90th birthday of Vladimir Grigorievich Admoni (1909–1993). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1999 .- 000 p.
2001
- Katznelson S.D. Categories of language and thinking: From the scientific heritage. Repl. ed. L. Yu. Braude. M .: Languages of Slavic culture, 2001 - 865 p. with ill.
- Kazan N.N. (ed.). Materials of the conference dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the Acad. Victor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2001 .- 000 p.
2002
- Mukhin A.M. Morphological categories and functional syntax. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2002.- 176 p.
2004
- Maslov Yu.S. Selected Works. Aspectology. General linguistics. M .: Languages of Slavic culture, 2004. - 848 p.
- Mukhin A.M. Experiment and modeling in linguistics: the structural syntax of a sentence. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2004.152 s.
2007
- Voeikova M.D. (ed.). Typology of language and theory of grammar. Materials of the International Conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Solomon Davidovich Katznelson (November 27-30, 2007). St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2007 .-- 219 p.
- Mukhin A.M. Functional Syntax Functional lexicology. Functional morphology. St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2007.- 198 p.
2009
- Voeikova M.D. (ed.). The scientific heritage of Vladimir Grigoryevich Admoni and modern linguistics. Materials of the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.G. Admoni. - St. Petersburg: Nestor History, 2009. - 289 p.