Ribeiro, Akilino

Born in the village of Carregal ^{[1] [2] [3] of the} municipality of Cernansell in the province of Beira Alta, with a center in the city of Viseu ^[4] . Years later, he described the times of his childhood in the memoirs of Cinco Reis de Gente (1948). At 10, he moved with his parents to Moimenta da Beira ^[3] . After graduation, he studied philosophy and theology , but six months later he abandoned theology due to the lack of a vocation for it.

Politically, he belonged to the Republicans. In his youth, he shared the ideas of anarchism . He was a member of the Masonic Lodge of the Great East of Lusitania ( Loja Montanha do GOL ) ^[5] and carbonarius . In 1906 he moved to Lisbon, where political life was seething before the overthrow of the monarchy. It boiled to such an extent that once a bomb exploded in Akilin’s apartment when two of his friends mismanaged her, who immediately died there. Akilin was arrested as a dangerous bomber, but in January 1908 he escaped from prison and hid underground for some time.

In May of that year he went to Paris , where he spent 7 years (1907-1914) with a brief visit to his homeland at the end of 1910 after the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic . At that time he studied philosophy at the Sorbonne , where he met his first wife, Greta Tiedemann, whom he married in Germany. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, he returned to Portugal, where he began teaching at Camoens Lyceum. In 1913, the first book of short stories, The Storm Garden ( Jardim das tormentas ), was published ^[4] . The book “The Winding Path” ( A via sinuosa , 1918) devoted the memory of his father. In 1919 he joined the National Library of Portugal , was actively published and collaborated with magazines of the time. In 1927 and in 1928 he participated in unsuccessful coups against the military dictatorship, after the failure of which he took refuge in Paris ^[3] . All his subsequent life he was in opposition to the military dictatorship, was repeatedly arrested and found refuge in Paris. Through his creativity and social activities, he steadily defended the poor against the oppression of the rich.

The publication of the novel "When the Wolves Howl" in 1958 led to a trial for insulting the existing government and persecuting the writer, caused a great political resonance. 300 Portuguese intellectuals spoke out in defense of Ribeira, demanding coverage of the process; outside of Portugal, a petition in support of the writer was signed, in particular, by François Moriac , Louis Aragon and Andre Morois . The trial lasted more than a year and a half, and the writer was pardoned ^[6] .

After his death in 1963, he was buried in the Prazeres cemetery in Lisbon in the mausoleum of Portuguese writers. In 2007, by decision of the Assembly of the Republic, the remains of the writer were transferred to the National Pantheon of Portugal ^[2] .

While Z. I. Plavskin ranked Ribeira among the greatest critical realists of the twentieth century ^[7] , V. B. Ovodov attributed it to the “Coimbra school” and reported: “Traits of nationality and realism made R. a teacher of Portuguese literary youth, especially representatives of neorealism ” ^[1] , the authors of the article in Britannica attribute the prose writer to large Portuguese writers before the advent of neorealistic regionalism in 1930 ^[4] . The historian José Hermano Saraiva, who personally knew Akilina Ribeiro, spoke out that the writer did not belong to a particular literary movement or school, and this is confirmed by other sources ^[6] .

He began his creative activity in 1907 as a journalist with the publication of the feuilleton “The Gardener's Daughter” ( A Filha do Jardineiro ). The first author’s publication was published in 1913 - the story book “The Storm Garden” ( Jardim das tormentas ). He created compositions of various genres, including memoirs, works for children and youth, as well as on historical subjects. He collaborated with various magazines: Alma Nova (1915-1918), Atlantida (1915-1920) and Ilustração (1926-1939), in the special magazine Revista dos Centenários , published during the World Exhibition in Portugal in 1940 and dedicated to the 800th anniversary proclamations of the Kingdom of Portugal.

Ribeiro is known as the author of more than 70 works (including about 20 novels), while none of them, by their unique features, has analogues in Portuguese literature, therefore, it cannot be attributed to a particular school or literary movement.

Biographies

• 1950 - Luís de Camões : fabuloso e verdadeiro (in 2 volumes)
• 1956 - O romance de Camilo (fundamental biography of Camille Castel Branco in 3 volumes [1] )

The most significant works

• 1918 - A Via Sinuosa (The Winding Path, novel)
• 1919 - Terras do Demo ( Terras do Demo , novel) ^[8]
• 1920 - O Malhadinhas ("Malyadinyash", short story)
• 1922 - Estrada de Santiago (The Road to Santiago, a short story collection)
• 1926 - Andam Faunos pelos Bosques (Fauns Wandering the Woods, novel)
• 1924 - Romance da Raposa (The Romance of the Fox, Children's Book)
• 1932 - Batalha Sem Fim (Endless Battle, novel)
• 1943 - Volfrâmio (Wolfram, novel)
• 1957 - A Grande Casa de Romarigães (The Big House of the Romarigensha, novel; translated into Spanish and repeatedly into Romanian and French)
• 1958 - Quando os Lobos Uivam (“When the Wolves Howl ,” novel; Russian translation of 1963, translated into German and English)

Portuguese translations

• 1907 - Antonio Fogazzaro . O Santo ("Holy")
• Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra . D. Quixote de la Mancha
• Xenofonte . O príncipe perfeito (with a preface by the translator)
• Xenofonte . A retirada dos dez mil (with a preface by the translator)

In 1970, posthumously published memoirs, "Confession of the writer" (Um escritor confessa-se).

• 1933 - Prize Ricardo Maleiros Award for the collection of short stories As três mulheres de Sansão . Ribeiro was the first writer to be awarded this prize, which was established by the Lisbon Academy of Sciences in 1933 in the field of literature (genres, novels, short stories , short stories ).
• 1956 - elected first president of the Society of Portuguese Writers ( Sociedade Portuguesa de Escritores ) ^{[6] [2] [9]}
• 1958 - elected full member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences , of which he has been a corresponding member since 1935 ^[3]
• 1960 - nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature from the Society of Portuguese Writers ^[10]
• 1982 - April 14 was posthumously awarded the Order of Liberty with the award of the rank of Commander (ComL).

Ribeiro was married twice. The first time he married a German Greta Tiedemann in 1913, from a marriage with which in 1914 the son Anibal was born. A second time the writer married in 1929 in Paris to the daughter of the ousted president of Portugal, Bernardin Mashad Geronim:

• Wife - Greta Tiedemann ( Grete Tiedemann ; c. 1890-1927)
  • Son - Anibal Akilina Fritz Tiedemann Ribeiro ( Aníbal Aquilino Fritz Tiedeman Ribeiro , born 1914)
• Wife - Jeronym Dantas Machado ( Jerónima Dantas Machado )
  • Son - Akilina Ribeiro Machado ( Aquilino Ribeiro Machado , 1930-2012; Mayor of Lisbon in 1977-1979)

• Ovodov V. B. Ribeiro // Brief Literary Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A.A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978.
• Ribeiro Akilin / V. B. Ovodov // Belt - Safi. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 22).
• Aquilino Ribeiro (port.) . Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa . Porto Editora Date of appeal May 31, 2018.
• Aquilino Ribeiro (1887-1963) (port.) . Arquivo & Biblioteca . Fundação Mário Soares. Date of appeal May 30, 2018.
• Aquilino Ribeiro Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Date of appeal May 31, 2018.
• Entrevista a Aquilino Ribeiro (parte 1/4) on YouTube is the first of a four-part interview with Akilino Ribeiro for Rádio Clube Português on July 16, 1957
• Horizontes da Memória - Terras do Demo on YouTube — Prof. Jose Ermanu Saraiva TV show on RTP Memória , 1997
• Aquilino Ribeiro nas Terras do Demo on YouTube - TV program of Professor José Ermanu Sarayva “ A Alma ea Gente ” on the RTP Memória channel about the Terras do Demo region, where Akilino Ribeiro was born and lived
• Martins, Serafina. Aquilino Ribeiro Centro Virtual Camões - Camões IP. Date of treatment June 1, 2018.