Slavsky, Efim Pavlovich

Born in the Jewish family of a retired royal soldier ^[1] . Father - Fayvel Slavsky. Mother - Evdokia Petrovna, probably Russian, after the death of her husband married the widower Fedot Patan. Yefim Slavsky after the revolution of 1917, when instead of religion, a new column “nationality” appeared in passports, was written down by a Ukrainian. In fact, Yefim was born in Russia, but at the time of issuing a passport it was already the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. Although he was listed as Ukrainian, his name and surname always betrayed his Jewish origin in it ^[4] . He began working in 1912 as a miner in the Donbass . Member of the RCP (b) since April 1918 , then entered the Red Army .

He served in the Red Army until 1928, participated in the Civil War of 1918-1920, and fought as part of the First Horse Army . After being demobilized from the army, at the call of the party, he went to receive an engineering education as a “partyachsya”. He entered the Moscow Mining Academy , after graduating from six universities, he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold in 1933. In the 1933-1940s, he worked at the Electrozink plant in Ordzhonikidze as an engineer, shop manager, chief engineer, and director of the plant. In 1936, due to his friendship with the “Terry Trotskyist” engineer Mamsurov, he was expelled from the party and was on the verge of repression, but soon the exception was replaced with a severe reprimand ^[5] .

In 1940-1941 he was appointed director of the Dnieper Aluminum Plant in Zaporozhye , in 1941-1945 - the Ural Aluminum Plant in Kamensk-Uralsky .

In 1945-1946 he worked as deputy commissar of non-ferrous metallurgy of the USSR.

In 1946-1953 he served as deputy head of the First Main Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR . At the same time in 1947-1949 he was director of the plant number 817 .

1949 - Stalin Prize . He was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor for his work on the creation of the atomic bomb (together with B. L. Vannikov , I. V. Kurchatov and Yu. B. Khariton ).

1951 - Stalin Prize .

In 1953 - 1957 he was first deputy minister of secondary engineering of the USSR .

1954 - the second time was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor (for work on the creation of the hydrogen bomb).

In 1957 - 1963 and later - since 1965 he was the Minister of Medium Engineering of the USSR. In 1963 - 1965 he was chairman of the State Production Committee for Secondary Engineering of the USSR. It is directly related to the creation of "atomic cities" Aktau (Shevchenko) (Mangistau region), Ozersk (Chelyabinsk region), Seversk , Zelenogorsk , Zheleznogorsk , to the construction of almost all nuclear power plants of the Soviet Union until the 1980s.

In addition, many social facilities of the country were erected with the sanction of the atomic minister by special construction units of the USSR Ministry of Environment, such as the Siberian Botanical Garden , Novosibirsk Akademgorodok , Tomsk Akademgorodok , the Siberian resort Belokurikha ^[6] , the Opalikha-Alekseevskoye manor park where the Minsredmash Rest House was located, etc. .

In particular, in August 1957 he decided to build the Siberian NPP ^[7] as part of the Siberian Chemical Combine .

On March 7, 1962, by a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (“closed”) for participating in the organization of work on the creation and testing of the world's most powerful thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb, he was awarded the third Gold Medal “Hammer and Sickle” ^[8] .

In the early 1960s, Slavsky supported the project of launching a large-scale program of “peaceful atomic explosions” prepared by Yu. Trutnev and Yu. Babaev.

1980 - awarded the Lenin Prize .

November 21, 1986 - at the age of 88 he was dismissed ^[9] , became a personal pensioner of national importance .

Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1961-1990). Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 5-11th convocations (since 1958 ).

He spent the last years of his life in the Opaliha Rest House (the Opaliha-Alekseevskoye estate), which was located in the Opaliha country house of the Krasnogorsk district of the Moscow Region (now a microdistrict), where a permanent room was assigned to it. He died on November 28, 1991 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery ^[10] .

• Three times Hero of Socialist Labor (10/29/1949, 4.01.1954, 03/03/1962)
• 10 orders of Lenin (07/25/1942, 02/10/1944, 02/23/1945, 10/29/1949, 09/11/1956, 10/25/1958, 10/25/1968, 10/25/1971, 10/25/1978, 10/25/1983)
• Order of the October Revolution (10/25/1973)
• Order of the Patriotic War I degree (03/11/1985)
• 2 orders of the Red Banner of Labor (12.24.1953, 07.29.1966)
• Medal "For Labor Valor" (08/21/1953)
• other medals of the USSR and foreign countries
• Order "Star of Friendship of Peoples" II degree (1978, GDR)
• Order of Friendship (Czechoslovakia)

• Lenin Prize (1980)
• Stalin Prize I degree (1949)
• Stalin Prize I degree (1951)
• USSR State Prize (1984)
• Honorary Citizen of Seversk (formerly Tomsk-7) (07/19/1979)
• Honorary Citizen of Obninsk
• Honorary Citizen of Zelenogorsk (Krasnoyarsk-45; 06/17/1981)
• Honorary Citizen of Ust-Kamenogorsk ^[11]
• Honorary citizen of Samara (now Kokpektinsky district) of the East Kazakhstan region (05/30/1967) ^[12] .

At one of the meetings, Efim Pavlovich, whose 70th birthday had just been celebrated, setting the team some incredibly difficult task, suddenly said: “Exactly in a year I’ll check. If someone hopes that I will not reach the next birthday, he is deeply mistaken: my mother is already 93 and she feels great. " ^[13]

In the past, Slavsky was one of the commanders of the First Horse ; with me, he liked to recall episodes from this period of his life. To match Slavsky’s character, his appearance is a high powerful figure, strong arms and broad sloping shoulders, large features of a bronze-red face, a loud, confident voice.

- From the book of academician A. D. Sakharov ^[14]

Nature rewarded Slavsky with good health. Accidents happened often, especially during the first years of work on a nuclear project. And always Yefim Pavlovich was the first to go to the danger zone. Much later, doctors tried to determine exactly how much "he scored an X-ray." They called a figure of the order of one and a half thousand, that is, Slavsky accumulated three lethal doses! But he survived! ^[fifteen]

Among colleagues he had the nickname "Yefim the Great."

In his diaries on the analysis of the causes of the Chernobyl accident , Academician V.A. Legasov expressed the opinion that this incident was not accidental, but the whole culture of managerial decisions of the "Soviet" period (from ordinary posts to the very top) led to him, from the consciousness and responsibility of the pipeline welder at the nuclear power plant to the culture of the Minister of Atomic Energy ...

“We went to Chernobyl. Only it was, in my opinion, to happen not at Chernobyl, but at the Kola station and a few years earlier, when they discovered that in the main pipeline, through which the coolant is supplied, the welder in order to receive a bonus and make it faster, instead of to make a valve, in the most important place ... I just put electrodes in the channel and welded them lightly on top. They simply discovered it by a miracle ... ... we would have completely lost the Kola Peninsula. ”

By the nature of my character, I began to study this issue more closely and in some places to take more active positions and say that the next generation of more secure nuclear reactors is really needed ... But this caused an exceptional storm in the Ministry. Storm of indignation. Especially with Minister Slavsky, who just almost stamped his feet on me when he said that these were two different things, that I was an illiterate person, that I was not going about my business

^[16]

E.P. Slavsky Award

• In 2008, an order of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom established the breastplate (departmental order) “E. P. Slavsky. ” This sign is awarded to employees of organizations operating in the field of atomic energy use ^[17] .

Monuments and plaques

• Monument to Efim Pavlovich Slavsky erected in his homeland in Makeevka , Donetsk People's Republic .
• The stele was installed in Essentuki on the territory of the Pearl of the Caucasus sanatorium ^[18] .
• A bronze bust is installed on the square in front of the entrance of the Electrozinc factory, Vladikavkaz ^[19] .
• The stele was installed in the rest house "Kolontaevo" in the Noginsky district of the Moscow region ^[20] .
• The monument to Efim Pavlovich Slavsky was erected in Ust-Kamenogorsk ( Kazakhstan ) ^[21] .
• The plaque to Efim Pavlovich Slavsky on the building of Rosatom, Moscow, Bolshaya Ordynka street, 24, opened in March 2007 ^[22]
• The memorial plaque to Efim Pavlovich Slavsky on the building of the entrance of the Ural Aluminum Plant , Kamensk-Uralsky , was opened on September 4, 2015 ^[23] .
• The memorial stone to Efim Pavlovich Slavsky in the park near the central entrance of PJSC Mashinostroitelny Zavod , Moscow Region, Elektrostal , was opened on September 28, 2017 ^[24] .

Streets

• The embankment of the Irtysh River in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk (Kazakhstan) - "Embankment of the Irtysh named after E. P. Slavsky" is named after Slavsky. Earlier - simply “Irtysh Embankment”;
• street in Makeevka , Ukraine.
• street in Rybinsk ;
• street in Seversk ( Tomsk region );
• street in the resort town of Belokurikha ( Altai Territory ) ^[25] .
• street in the city of Stepnogorsk ( Akmola region );
• street in the city of Dimitrovgrad ( Ulyanovsk region );
• Slavsky Street in Moscow;
• street in the city of Kurchatov, Kursk region;
• Slavsky Boulevard in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky ^[26] ;
• street in the city of Obninsk ( Kaluga region ).

• Slavsky, Efim Pavlovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ". // Biography prepared by V. S. Smirnov and A. A. Simonov
• Efim Pavlovich Slavsky // Website pseudology.org
• Efim Pavlovich Slavsky // Website wsyachina.narod.ru
• “Farewell to the saber”, a film about E. P. Slavsky // Website youtube.com
• Opening of the monument in Ust-Kamenogorsk ( Kazakhstan ) // Website yk.kz