Ikaria ( dr. Greek Ἰκαρία [1] ή Ἰκάριον ) - Attic dem in Ancient Athens in the fillet of Aegeid ( dr. Greek Αἰγηΐς ), named after the Athenian Ikarios , who lived under the rule of Pandion [2] [3] .
Pliny the Elder mentions Mount Icarius ( lat. Icarius ) [4] . It was believed that Mount Ikarion ( Ἰκάριον ὄρος ) is a low ridge separating Megarida from the deme of Eleusis in Attica [5] . The place where the deme center was located was discovered in excavations conducted in 1888 by the American School of Classical Studies in Athens [6] . Dem was located on the northern slopes of Pendelicon , southeast of Dionysos and northwest of Rapendosa [3] . According to archaeological finds, dem reached its peak in the 4th century BC. e., quite a lot of finds date back to the archaic period (VII – VI centuries BC) [7] . Dem is associated both with the emergence of the cult of Dionysus , and with the creation of drama , theater and tragedy . In myths it is mentioned that Dionysus was a guest of Ikaria, who received a vine and wine from God as a reward [3] . When the shepherds were drunk with wine, their comrades imagined that Ikarius had poisoned them. They killed him. At the behest of Dionysus, the Athenians were punished. To avert the misfortune, the Athenians staged an annual Eora swing holiday in honor of Erigon , daughter of Icarius, and made sacrifices from the fruits of Icarius and Erigone [2] .
A native of Ikaria was Thespis , a contemporary of Solon , who lived in the VI century BC. e., inventor and founder of the tragedy genre. Thespis added dances and stories to the praises of Dionysos, the role of the narrator was performed by Thespis himself [8] [9] [3] .
During excavations, the ruins of the temple of Apollo of Pythia were found, the inscription in which with the name deme allowed to establish its location. The ruins of the base of the wall and the remaining six marble seats for honored spectators testify to the existence of the theater. The place of the theater was destroyed later during the construction of the road crossing it. An inscription ΑΓΝΙΑΣ ΞΑΝΘΙΠΠΟΣ хΔическогоΣ ΝΙΚΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ ΑΝΕΘΕΣΑΝ about the victory of three rich inhabitants of the deme on Dionysius was found on the architrave of a semicircular choregic monument recently restored. In the sanctuary of Dionysius, many other choregic monuments and inscriptions were found. The statue of Dionysus of the late Archaic period (VI century BC. E.), found here in 1888, is stored in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens [6] [7] .
Notes
- ↑ Stephen of Byzantium . Ethnicity
- ↑ 1 2 Icarius // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 655.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ικάριον στο Διόνυσο. Ιστορικό (Greek) . Οδυσσέας . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment May 28, 2018.
- ↑ Pliny the Elder . Natural history . IV, 24
- ↑ Attica // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 184-190.
- ↑ 1 2 Buck, Carl D. Discoveries in the Attic Deme of Ikaria, 1888 // Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens / Archaeological Institute of America. - Boston: Damrell and Upham, 1892. - Vol. V: 1886-1890. - P. 43-134.
- ↑ 1 2 Ικάριον στο Διόνυσο. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Οδυσσέας . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment May 28, 2018.
- ↑ Thespis // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 1381.
- ↑ Ικαρία // Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Δομή. - Εκδόσεις Δομή, 2004.