Nasir ibn Murshid ibn Sultan al-Yaruba (died April 14, 1649) is the founder of the Yarubid dynasty. Rules from 1624 [1] / 1625 [2] to 1649 He took power in a difficult time, when the ruling dynasty weakened, the internal regions of the country were covered by civil strife, and the Portuguese took control of the coastal areas. As a result of a series of campaigns, he united Omani tribes and expelled the Portuguese from most of his country.
| Nasir ibn Murshid | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Umayr ibn Himyar | ||||||
| Successor | Sultan I ibn Saif | ||||||
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Content
Background
In 1507, the Portuguese squadron of Admiral Alfonso Albuquerque stood at Ras al-Hadd [3] . At the beginning of the 16th century , the Portuguese established themselves on the coast on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula (where Oman is now located). Their main stronghold was the port city of Muscat seized in 1507 [4] . The struggle for power between the Nabhanids and elected imams did not allow them to expel the Portuguese [5] . In turn, the power of the Portuguese never spread beyond the narrow coastal strip [4] . At the beginning of the XVII century , the shahs of Iran entered the struggle for Oman. In the 16th century, they, like the Arabians, lost control of a number of coastal cities and possessions ( Hormuz and others). But in 1623, with the help of the British, Abbas I managed to expel the Portuguese from Iran [6] . The Portuguese moved their residence to Muscat [5] .
But in 1624, most of the sheikhs of the Omani tribes agreed to elect Nasir ibn Murshid ibn Sultan al-Yarub (1624-1649) as imam [7] .
Board
Nasir ibn Murshid began the fight against the Portuguese. But since a number of tribes opposed Nasir to be an imam, he suppressed rebellions throughout his reign [8] .
The first point recaptured from the Portuguese was the . Having achieved the subordination of Nizwa and Dahira, as well as taking control of the oases of Bureima, the Omanis proceeded to Batin [9] Then the Omanis, under the leadership of Nasir ibn Murshid, managed to capture the fortresses of Dzhulfar, Kuriyyat, Sur and Dzhalyan [10] . In 1643, Suhar fell. In 1645, Nasir ibn Murshid proposed that the British East India Company deploy their headquarters in Sukhara. After she agreed, the Portuguese were virtually blocked in the region [11] and they were threatened by Arabs, Persians, Englishmen, and Dutch.
By 1645, as a result of the blockade of Portuguese possessions and military operations on the coasts of Hindustan and Indonesia, the Dutch were able to increase so much that they not only intercepted the spice trade, but also supplied certain enemy fortresses. Muscat's fortress was held by a garrison consisting mainly of Goa Indians, commanded by European officers. The garrison had problems with supplies and reinforcements. In such favorable conditions for themselves, the Arabs of Oman planned to attack Muscat and capture it. But they gathered for so long that the blockade of Goa ended and Muscat's garrison was replaced by fresh troops [12] .
In 1649, the troops of Nasir ibn Murshid, taking advantage of the fact that the period of the summer monsoons began and help from Goa could not come, besieged the Muscat fortress from land and sea. But during the siege, Nasir died. Power passed to his relative Sultan Ibn Saif , who in 1650 captured Muscat and expelled the Portuguese from the peninsula [11] .
Notes
- ↑ Erlikhman V.V., Rodriguez A.M., Sychev N.V.
- ↑ Regnal chronologies, Ryzhov K.V.
- ↑ Rodriguez A.M. p. 101-102
- ↑ 1 2 Ryzhov K.V. p. 226
- ↑ 1 2 Rodriguez A. M. p. 102
- ↑ Rodriguez A.M. p. 102, Ryzhov K.V. p. 9
- ↑ Rodriguez A.M. p. 102, Ryzhov K.V. p. 226
- ↑ Rodriguez A. M. p. 102-103
- ↑ Plekhanov S.N. chapter Greatness and insignificance
- ↑ Ryzhov K.V. pp. 226—227
- ↑ 1 2 Rodriguez A. M. p. 103
- ↑ George Alexander Ballard Rulers of the Indian Ocean. The formation of maritime ties between Europe and Asia. Chapter 9 The Crash of Portugal in the East
Literature
- Ryzhov K.V. All monarchs of the world. The Muslim East in the XV — XX centuries .. - M .: Veche , 2004. - S. 226—227. - ISBN 5-9533-0384-X .
- Rodriguez A.M. et al. New history of the countries of Asia and Africa of the 16th-19th centuries / edited by A.M. Rodriguez. - Vlados , 2004 .-- T. Part 3. - S. 101-103. - ISBN 5-691-01366-1 .
- Chapter 9 The collapse of Portugal in the East // Rulers of the Indian Ocean. The formation of maritime ties between Europe and Asia. / Per. from English L.A. Igorevsky. - M, 2012.
- Plekhanov, Sergey Nikolaevich . Reformer on the throne. Sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said. - M .: International Relations, 2003. - ISBN 5-7133-0949-5 .