Kiver is a military headdress of a cylindrical shape with a flat top, with a visor, often with an ornament in the form of a sultan [1] . It was distributed in many European armies of the early XIX century.
Kivera appeared in most armies since 1801. Variations of the shako in the West created a special type of it, with a reduced upper bottom and an inclined rear side with a straight front, known as shako or chako . Of the other shakos, Spain introduced in the 1860s, called Ros , is interesting, with a high straight front and a bottom that goes into a rounded back.
In the Russian army, the shakos were first introduced in 1805. These hats were tall, heavy and very uncomfortable, but they protected the soldier’s head from an indirect saber strike. Under Nicholas I, the shakos reached 5.5 apex ; during the parades, they were decorated with sultans of 11 inches long, so that the entire headdress was 16.5 inches high (approx. 73.5 cm).
In 1844 (and with the hussars in 1862) they were replaced by helmets . In 1855, the shakos were partially restored again and existed until 1862, when they were replaced by caps . In 1908, the shakos were partially returned again to units of the guard, military schools and generals.
The Kivera was carried by the soldiers of the Red Army in the first years of Soviet power, which is recorded on the photographic cards of those years. “So, the red cadets of the Engineering courses wore at one time junk uniforms with shakos, on which the royal eagles were covered with cloth red stars, and all this“ miracle ”was worn with protective trousers. There were also a number of units in the Red Army that wore sets of a hussar uniform ... The Red 1st Orenburg Cavalry Regiment received a brand new hussar uniform from a warehouse in Moscow and was sent to the Eastern Front in it. ” Cadets in hussar caps (L.-G. Gus. P-ka) participated in the funeral of Uritsky . (From the magazine “Reitar”: Azarenkov A. “The helmet is the Red Army. He is a hero. He is Budenovka. He is a Frunze woman.”)
See also
- Signs on the shako of the Russian army of 1812
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopedia of the Patriotic War of 1812. - M .: Rosspan, 2004 .-- S. 853.
Literature
- Headgear // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- R. M. Kirsanova . Kiver // Costume in Russian artistic culture of the 18th - first half of the 20th centuries: The experience of the encyclopedia / ed. T. G. Morozova , V. D. Sinyukova . - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1995. - S. 125-126. - 383 p.: Ill. with. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-144-0 .
- R. M. Kirsanova . Kiver // Pink Xandrayka and grandfather's shawl: Costume - a thing and an image in Russian literature of the XIX century. / ed. E. B. Kuzmina . - M .: Book, 1989 .-- S. 113. - 286 p. - 55,000 copies. - ISBN 5-212-00130-7 .
- L.V. Belovinsky . Kiver // Illustrated encyclopedic historical and everyday dictionary of the Russian people. XVIII - beginning of XIX century / ed. N. Ereminoy . - M .: Eksmo, 2007 .-- S. 278—279. - 784 p.: - ill. with. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-699-24458-4 .