Nashmak ( meadow meadow. Nashmak ) - an old Mari headdress for married and unmarried women. It is a hallmark of “sharpanan-nashmakan mari”, one of the territorial-ethnographic groups of the Mari .
It was with all four sub-ethnic groups of the Mari - meadow , mountain , north-west and east .
Head strip in the form of a head. In married women, it was worn in conjunction with a towel ( sharpen ), to which it was attached using metal hairpins. Separately, unmarried women wore a nashmak without a connection with a sharpan. In meadow mariki, Nashmak was approx. 20-25 cm., A width of 5 cm, in the mountains - respectively 45-50 cm and 4 cm.
Modern archaeologists ( T. B. Nikitina ) is considered the most ancient female headdress by the Mari. Shurka was recognized as such before , but recent excavations of ancient Mari burial grounds confirmed its borrowing from the Udmurts only in the 17th century . On the contrary, the oldest specimens of nashmak-type headbands-corollas (still without connection with a sharpan) date back to the 6th - 7th centuries [1] .
The embroidery on the nashmak in the form of a cross with curved ends is called a kyshka (“snake”) [2] . There was also a plot of embroidery with horses near the World Tree , the pattern of this embroidery had a special name - “imne nashmak ter” [3] .
Content
See also
- Mari folk hats
- Sharpan
Notes
- ↑ Nikitina T. B. Maritsy in the Middle Ages (based on archaeological materials). —Yoshkar-Ola, 2002. — P. 90.
- ↑ Solovyova G.I. Ornament of Mari embroidery. — Yoshkar-Ola, 1982.— S. 10, 35.
- ↑ Pavlova A. N. Transformation of the cosmological symbolism of the Mari headdress // Bulletin of Kazan State University of Culture and Arts. - No. 4. — Part 2. — Kazan, 2014.- P. 49.
Literature
- Molotova T.L. Mari folk costume.- Yoshkar-Ola, 1992.- P.34-35.
- Traditional costume // Encyclopedia of the Republic of Mari El .- Yoshkar-Ola, 2009.- P.759-760.