Karl Marx Street (Simferopol)

The street originates from Kirov Avenue and up to Victory Square is a pedestrian street. The length of the pedestrian part is about 400 meters. Karl Marx Street ends with the transition to Lenin Boulevard (near the railway station ) and intersecting Pavlenko Street . It is crossed by the streets of Pushkin , Serov , Zhukovsky , Zhelyabov , Tolstoy and Galereny Lane ^[4] . The intersection of Pushkin and Marx streets is called by the residents of Simferopol “cross” ^{[5] [6]} .

At the time of the appearance of Simferopol, the street was the northern entrance to the city and was called the "Road to Perekop ." The outlines of the street were formed in accordance with the General Plan of the City of 1794, which involved dividing the city's quarters with a rectangular grid. The streets were supposed to diverge from the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ^[3] .

The first recorded name of this street is Moskovskaya ^[3] . Over time, various shopping buildings appeared on the street, and it became the main shopping street of the city. In the first half of the 19th century, the Acceptable House of Taranov-Belozyorov (No. 28/10) was erected on this street, which became one of the first monumental buildings in Simferopol ^[7] .

In place of the modern building of the Crimean parliament (No. 18), there was a police department and a prison. In this regard, the street in 1839 was named "Police". The two-story stone police house (No. 22) was built in 1810. From 1869 to 1909, the building was occupied by the District Court of Simferopol, and then eight-year school number 8 ^[8] .

In honor of the opening of the monument to Catherine II in Simferopol, the city ​​council on September 27, 1890 renamed the Police Street into Catherine’s ^[9] .

Until 1904, the streets of Simferopol did not have house numbers. Addresses were indicated by the names of the owners and the number of the site. Semerdzhiev’s house, for example, had 141 plot numbers ^[10] .

Since 1914, tram traffic took place on the street. The tram line completely disappeared in 1957 ^[11] .

• Building Street Catherine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries
•  

  Corner of Pushkin and Catherine streets (Semerdzhiev’s house), now 12. House. Postcard of the 1900s.

•  

  Museum of the Provincial Zemstvo (1895-1917). Nowadays house 17. Post card of the 1900s.

•  

  The church of the state male gymnasium , now destroyed (the gymnasium building in the background, now house 32). Postcard of the 1900s.

•  

  German Kirche, built in 1840, architect Elson F., closed in 1920, destroyed ^[12] . Postcard of the 1900s.

•  

  The church of the male theological school, destroyed, the school building itself, now house 62, belongs to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Postcard of the 1900s.

With the advent of Soviet power, in 1924 the street was named after Leon Trotsky , but four years later it was renamed Karl Marx Street ^[9] .

During World War II, Simferopol was occupied by the Germans, and the street was called Hauptstrasse ( German Hauptstraße ), that is, the main street ^[9] .

In accordance with the plan developed for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (1981-1985), it was planned to demolish all the buildings on the odd side of the street and build high-rise buildings in their place. This plan was ultimately not implemented ^[13] .

In the summer of 2012, the front side of the building of the Astoria Hotel was destroyed (No. 16). The cost of the work amounted to 320 thousand hryvnia ^{[14] [15]} . On the site of the hotel was opened Republic Square with a fountain ^{[16] [17]} .

In 2013, the reconstruction of the pedestrian part of the street ^{[18] [19] took place} .

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the authorities of Simferopol reported a possible renaming of Marx Street to Catherine’s ^[20] . In April 2014, a sign was installed on the building of the Crimean Parliament, which indicated the historical name of the street with the signature that the State Council of the Republic of Crimea would initiate the return of the historical names of the streets of Simferopol ^[21] . Subsequently, the topic of renaming Simferopol Street ^{[22] [23] was} repeatedly raised, which caused a negative reaction among members of the Communist Party ^[24] .

In September 2016, reconstruction of Karl Marx Street began, which was supposed to be completed early next year ^[25] . The cost of work amounted to 180 million rubles. The quality of the work performed has been repeatedly criticized by the residents of Simferopol ^{[26] [27]} . During the repair work on the street they had to plant maples ^[28] . In April 2017, city authorities filed a lawsuit against the main contractor who performed the work with a total amount of claims of 26 million rubles ^[29] .

• No. 1 - originally the pharmacy of the vowel of the City Council of Boris Bukhstab . Since 1913, the building was occupied by the Trianon cinema, and later the Metropol. During the Great Patriotic War, the building was destroyed and rebuilt in 1954. After that, it functioned as a department store, and since 1965 as the Detsky Mir store. Currently, as of 2018, the premises are occupied by the Voltmart store ^[30] .
• No. 3 - originally the apartment building of Y. A. Hadji. From 1908 to 1915, the building housed the Simferopol Private Men's Gymnasium ^[31] . It is entered in the register of architectural monuments of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine ^[32] . Currently, as of 2018, various stores occupy the premises.
• No. 5 - originally the house of I. S. Cherkes. Built at the end of the 19th century. The building operated a school of drawing and painting by the artist of the Paris Academy G. I. Tosunov ^[33] . It is entered in the register of architectural monuments of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine ^[32] . Currently, as of 2018, various stores occupy the premises.
• No. 6 is the original apartment building of Friedrich Pope. Built in the second half of the XIX century. A sausage shop was opened on the ground floor of the building, where goods manufactured at the Pope factory were sold. Since 1902, the clothing store of Lev Zusman functioned in the building. In January-April 1918, the Commissariat for Food of the city was located here. The head of the commissariat P.R. Glazov was killed by a crowd dissatisfied with the state of the socio-economic situation in the city. From April to June 1919, the building was occupied by the city food department and the city food commissariat. In the 1920s and 1950s, the editorial office of the Krasny Krym newspaper was located in the building ( Crimean Truth since 1952) ^[34] . Currently, as of 2018, the premises are occupied by a jewelry store and a pharmacy.
• No. 7 is the original apartment building of Franz Schneider . At different times, the building housed the furniture store "Russia" and the fashion-haberdashery store of the Glukhov brothers. Since 1905, the watch shop of the merchant of the 2nd Guild of H.X. Kreps was attached to the building. In 1916, the building was converted into a hotel with a restaurant. During the Civil War, the building was occupied by the headquarters of military units. In 1919, the headquarters of the Zadniprovsky division (commander Pavel Dybenko ) was located here. Then the building was occupied by the Yuzhnaya Hotel ^[35] . The building is included in the register of architectural monuments of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine ^[32] . Currently, as of 2018, various stores occupy the premises.
• No. 12 - a three-story corner house of Semerdzhiev late XIX. After the Civil War, the building was occupied by a disabled person’s House, in which Red Army soldiers and political prisoners lived ^[36] . The building houses a photo studio that has been functioning there for over a hundred years ^[37] . Currently, as of 2018, the premises are occupied by the branch of the Bank RNKB .
• No. 13 ^[38] - Crimean house of artists. Built in the XIX century as a statistical bureau of the provincial zemstvo government. On May 5, 1901, the first political demonstration of socialists with slogans in Russian and Yiddish took place near the building. After World War II, the building was rebuilt and functioned as the main post office, and in 1982 it was occupied by the Union of Artists of Crimea as its exhibition hall ^{[39] [40]} .
• No. 17 - the building of the Simferopol District Court.
• No. 18 - the building of the Parliament of Crimea . Construction of the building began in 1980 and lasted for eight years. From the residents of Simferopol, the building was called the “ Pentagon ” because of its similarity with the headquarters of the US Department of Defense ^{[5] [41]} .
• No. 25 is a two-story house built with funds from Andrey Arendt . In 1998, he was given away by the Republican Committee for Interethnic Relations and Deported Citizens to create the Republican Crimean Tatar Museum of Art. The building reconstruction project involved 380 thousand dollars, of which 130 thousand dollars were allocated for the eviction of tenants from eight apartments. During the restoration, the roof was demolished, after which the construction was stopped due to financial and organizational reasons. Since that time, the building continues to collapse ^[42] .
• No. 28 - The host house of Taranov-Belozyorov . A two-story building in the style of Russian classicism . Now the building is located Crimean Medical College .
• No. 32 - a two-story building of the Simferopol Male State Gymnasium . Now the building houses the Gymnasium No. 1 named after I.V. Kurchatov.
• No. 62 - the headquarters of the Center for Coastal Defense Forces of the Ukrainian Navy in Simferopol (military unit A2542). During the annexation of Crimea to Russia on February 28, 2014, the Russian military without identification marks were located in the immediate vicinity of the headquarters ^[43] . In March 2014, the unit came under the control of the military of the Russian Federation ^[44] .

• The monument "Sergius of Radonezh - the collector of Russian land" - was unveiled in the square named after Sergius of Radonezh (corner of K. Marx and Zhukovsky) on June 6, 2014 in honor of the 700th anniversary of the Monk Sergius of Radonezh . The monument is made of granite and bronze. The consecration of the monument was made by the Metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimean Lazarus . The opening ceremony was attended by State Duma Speaker Sergei Naryshkin and Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea Vladimir Konstantinov ^[45] .
• Monument to polite people - installed in the summer of 2016 on the site of the Astoria Hotel in the Republic Square. The monument is dedicated to “Polite people” and depicts a military man with a machine gun looking at a girl holding out a bouquet of flowers and a cat at his feet ^{[46] [47]} .
• “Yoshkin cat” - the sculptural composition was opened on June 2, 2018 in the park in front of house No. 2. This is a gift to Simferopol from Yoshkar-Ola on City Day, the monument is an exact replica of the cat decorating the capital of Mari El ^[48] .
• Chizhik-Pyzhik - a sculptural composition, installed during the celebration of City Day on June 1, 2019 opposite the Yoshkin Cat, is a gift from the authorities of St. Petersburg . It is a bronze figure of a bird on a pedestal and a chair next to it ^[49] .

On the roadway of Karl Marx Street there is a route taxi number 26 and 94 ^[2] .

• Kutaisova M.V. Simferopol antiquity in photographs and descriptions. - Simferopol, 2017 .-- 253 p.

• Street Catherine (Simferopol)
• V. Shirokov, O. Shirokov. Simferopol. Streets narrate / Karl Marx Street
• Street on the Wikimapia website