Ilona Siladji de Khorogzeg ( Hungarian horogszegi Szilágyi Jusztina ; before 1455–1497) - Hungarian aristocrat, the second wife of Vlad Tepes , ruler of Wallachia . She was the daughter of Ladislav (Laszlo) or Osviat (Oshvata) Siladya and the cousin of Matthias Corvin , king of Hungary.
| Ilona Siladya | |
|---|---|
| Hung horogszegi Szilágyi Jusztina | |
 Coat of arms of the family of Siladja | |
| Date of Birth | up to 1455 |
| Date of death | after June 13, 1497 |
| Place of death | Transylvania |
| Father | Ladislav Ciladia or Sanctified Ciladia |
| Mother | Agot Posha from Szera (?) |
| Spouse | 1. Vaclav Pongraz from Sentmiklos; 2. Vlad Tepes ; 3. Pavel Shuki; 4. John Erdeley (Transylvanian) from Shomkerek |
| Children | Vlad (?), Mikhnya Evil (?) |
First, Corwin married her to Vaclav Pongratz from Sentmiklos. Pongraz inherited estates in upper Hungary (now Slovakia), but ceded them in exchange for land in Transylvania obtained after marriage. With the death in 1474 of Pongrac, the widowed Ilona married Vlad Tepes , whom Corvin recognized as the legitimate commander of Wallachia in 1475. Vlad captured Wallachia at the end of 1476, but soon died. To strengthen her power over Transylvania, Ilona married Pavel Shuki, who was related to the previous owners of these territories. After the death of Shuki in 1479, Ilona was married to John Erdelei (Transylvanian) from Shomkerek. She passed away in 1497.
Content
Early years
Little is known about Ilona’s early years. In 1479, the royal charter named her daughter Osviata Siladya, niece to mother Matthias Korvin , king of Hungary [1] [2] . Another document, 17 years later, indicates her father as the father of Oswyat’s brother, Ladislav [1] . Trusting the first document, historians Andrash Kubiniy and Tamas Fedeles call the parents Ilona Oswiat Siladi and his spouse Agot Poshu from Szer [2] [3] . On the contrary, historians Pal Engel and Mihai Florin Hashan came to the conclusion that Ilona was the daughter of Ladislav and his unknown wife, according to a document from 1496. According to Hashan, Ilona was born in the early 1450s, because she was still a baby when Ladislav Sylady died in 1454. Hashan also suggests that Osviat Siladi took custody of Ilona, which is why an erroneous opinion about his fatherhood appeared [1] .
Marriages
First marriage
Matyash Corvinus married Ilona to Wenceslas (also Ladislav) Pongrac from Sentmiklos [2] from an influential noble family who owned estates in upper Hungary (now Slovakia ) [2] [1] . Corwin forced Pongratz to hand over the Strechen fortress (modern Strechno) and the town of Zholna (modern Zhilina ) in exchange for Transylvanian lands, including Guerniseg (now Gornesti in Romania), which were taken from the families of Erdelei (Transylvanian) from Shomkerek and Shuki in 1467. Pongrats alone owned estates in upper Hungary, but he owned Transylvania together with Ilona [2] . Pongraz died in 1474. Royal letters for many years before her death almost always call Ilona the widow of Pongratz [1] .
Second marriage
In 1462, Matthias Corvin imprisoned Vlad Tepes , imprisoned the Lord of Wallachia for allegedly secret negotiations with the Ottoman Empire , where he stayed until 1475. [4] The Russian ambassador, Fyodor Kuritsyn, in the early 1480s wrote that Corwin had married his “sister” to Vlad, and they had lived together for ten years. Hashan came to the conclusion that Kuritsyn, obviously, brought together information about the two wives of Vlad Tepes. The first wife of Vlad was probably the half-sister of Corvina, who, according to the data of modern scientific research, died between 1472 and 1473 [1] [5] .
Ilona became the second wife of Vlad Tepes after his release from captivity [1] [5] [note 1] . In 1475, Corwin recognized Vlad as the legitimate ruler of Wallachia, but did not support him in the conflict with Basarab III the Old . In the city of Pék, Vlad Tepes acquired a house, which soon became known as “Drakwlyaháza” (“House of Dracula”) [1] . This is stated in the Furnace Act of September 10, 1489, which also mentions "Ilona, the widow of the late voivode Dracula" [3] .
In November 1476, Vlad invaded Wallachia with the support of the Hungarian and Moldovan troops and forced Basarab III of the Old to flee into the Ottoman Empire. Becoming a voivod soon, he asked the burghers of Brasov to send carpenters to Targovishte , where he wanted to build his new house [1] . However, Basarab returned and killed Vlad in late 1476 or early 1477 [1] [4] .
Kuritsyn noted that Vlad had three sons [1] . Hashan and Matei Cazacu suggested that Ilona gave birth to Vlad Tepes second son named Vlad, who became the ancestor of the Hungarian noble family Dracula [1] [5] . On the contrary, Fedeles considers Vlad’s marriage with Ilona childless [3] .
Third and fourth marriages
In 1478, members of the Erdeley family (Transylvanian) from Shomkerek laid claim to Ilona’s castle in Gerniseg, as well as nearby villages [1] . In order to protect her situation, she married Pavel Shuki, the nephew of the previous owners of these territories [5] . For the first time as the wife of Shuki Ilona is mentioned on January 26, 1479. Shuki died in the same year, which caused renewed conflicts between Ilona and his relatives [1] . About two years later, Ilona married Jon Erdeley from Shomkerek [1] [5] , who survived Ilona. She died after June 13, 1497. [1]
Culture Image
The image of Ilona performed by actress Jessica de Go is present in the 2013 Dracula series.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Hasan, Mihai Florin. Aspecte ale relațiilor matrimoniale munteano-maghiare din secolele XIV-XV, varianta lb. română, Revista Bistriței 2013 (room) // Revista Bistriţei / Cumplexul Muzeal Bistrița-Năsăud. - 2013. - Nr. Xxvii . - P. 128–159 . - ISSN 1222-5096 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kubinyi, András. Matthias rex . - Budapest, 2008. - pp. 16-17, 204. - 209 p. - ISBN 9789635067671 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tamás Fedeles. Drakwlyahaza (House of Dracula) (Hungarian) // Fons, skepsis, lex ": Ünnepi tanulmányok a 70 esztendős Makk Ferenc tiszteletére / Almási, Tibor; Révész, Éva; Szabados, Gyöyouryyouryyouryouryouryouryouryouryourt/your . 107–114 .
- ↑ 1 2 Florescu, Radu; McNally, Raymond T. Dracula, prince of many faces: his life and his times . - 1. - Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1989. - S. 158–160. - 261 s. - ISBN 0316286567 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Cazacu, Matei. Dracula . - Leiden, 2017. - p. 185–186. - 457 s. - ISBN 9789004347250 .
Comments
- ↑ Radu Florescu writes that the daughter of Mihail Siladi Ilona was the second wife of Vlad Tepes (Florescu, McNally (1989), p. 166.) .