Ganja school of carpet weaving is one of the Azerbaijani schools of carpet weaving. The school covers the territory of Ganja and nearby villages, as well as Gadabay , Goranboy, Shamkir and Samukh districts . The main center of the carpet weaving school was the city of Ganja. From the X-XI centuries Ganja was one of the largest centers of silk production, and was also known for high-quality woolen and silk carpets. In the British Encyclopedia, Ganja carpets are described as follows:
“Ganja carpet is an Azerbaijani carpet that knits in the city of Ganja (in Soviet times, Kirovabad, and under Imperial Russia - Elizavetpol) and the surrounding territories. Carpets are characterized by simple, angular designs and saturated (intense) colors. The design of the Ganja carpets consists of octagons, stars or three geometric medallions located on the longitudinal axis of the carpet. Typical colors are blue, blue and matte red. Old carpets are made entirely of wool, but more modern examples contain piles of coarse wool tied to cotton fabrics. Since the region in which the Ganja carpets are made is located between the districts, Gazakh and Karabakh, the Ganja carpets combine the features of both regions. ”
Ganja school [1] of carpet weaving includes compositions “Ganja”, “Ancient Ganja”, “Fakhraly”, “Samukh”, “Gadabay”, “Chayly”, “Chiragly”, “Shadyly” and others.
Content
History
According to sources, woolen fabrics, clothes and silk carpets, which were produced in Ganja in the Middle Ages, especially in the X-XI centuries, were widespread and well-known. In the first half of the 13th century, during the Mongol invasion of Azerbaijan , Ganja paid tribute to the invaders in the form of silk and was able to save the city from destruction. Ganja, being one of the main textile centers of the Caucasus for centuries, also had a serious impact on the textile traditions of neighboring regions. Ganja, Ancient Ganja, Fakhrali, Samukh, Gadabay, Chayly, Chiragly, Shadili and other compositions belong to the Ganja school of carpet weaving. [2]
Carpets
Ganja
Ganja carpets belong to the category of high-quality carpets of the Ganja carpet weaving school. Ganja carpets were produced not only in the city itself, but also in Garabakhly, Borsunlu, Shadily, Garadaghly, Shamkir and other carpet stations. Carpets woven in Ganja were called the "city of Ganja". The market price of such carpets was higher than the cost of Ganja carpets woven in the villages.
Ganja carpets differ in their composition, choice of color and style. However, these carpets have a distinctive feature. On the intermediate part of the carpets of the first kind there are diagonal lines and ornaments of the boot, lined up on these lines. The intermediate area of the second kind of Ganja carpets is decorated with several lakes. These lakes are often found in transverse and octagonal shapes. [3]
Ancient Ganja
Ancient Ganja carpets belong to the category of high-quality carpets of the carpet weaving school in Ganja. Carpets were named after the ancient city of Ganja. These carpets were made in the city of Ganja, the Shamkir region , located in the north-west direction of the city, and in the neighboring settlements of Ganja. As a rule, the composition of the middle field of ancient Ganja carpets consists of shrubs called “Ganja-buta”. As a rule, the composition of the middle of ancient Ganja carpets consists of buta ornaments lined up in a row called “Ganja Buta”. In some cases, these elements line up diagonally. On the left and right sides of the middle was depicted an image called a “paw”. This image has religious significance. [3]
Fahrali
Fakhraly carpets belong to the category of high-quality carpets of the carpet weaving school in Ganja. The carpets got their name from the village of Fakhrali, 25 km northeast of Ganja. Then these carpets began to be produced in nearby villages. They were produced mainly in the village of Garajemirli, as well as in Shadily, Bagchakurda, Chayli, Borsunlu, Garadagli, Panahly and other villages. Some carpet weavers call this carpet “Ganja Pride”. At the end of the 19th century, along with Ganja artists, Fakhrali carpets were also produced in villages located on the border of Georgia , Azerbaijan and Armenia on a modern map. Fahrali carpets were made in small sizes for use during religious events and prayers. Therefore, these carpets were also called “Chaynamaz” and “Dzheinamaz” (a place for prayers). The altar, located in the upper part of the middle, resembles the moon located in the southern parts of mosques. Fahrali carpets can be divided into two parts: complex carpets, simple patterned carpets. These models are technically close to each other. In the center of simple carpets, a large lake in a rectangular shape was depicted, in the center of complex carpets - square and octagonal lakes. [four]
Gadabay
Gadabay carpets belong to the category of middle carpets of the carpet weaving school in Ganja. Recently, the center of carpet weaving was also located in the villages of “Chaykand” and “Gelkend” (the territory of present-day Armenia). The intermediate area of the carpet was decorated with star-shaped medallions arranged vertically. The Garagez border separates the foreground from the background and also gives it a shape. [3]
Chayles
Chayl carpets belong to the category of middle carpets of the Ganja carpet school. The carpets were named after the village of Chayly, 20 km southeast of the city of Ganja. Some carpets call this carpet “Ganja-city”, “Gazakh”, “Oysuzlu”, “Garakhanly”. Some elements taken from the middle part of Gobustan carpets and Maraza carpets belonging to the Shirvan school of carpet weaving were slightly modified and used in accordance with the technical characteristics of the “Ganja carpets”. [five]
Chiragli
Rugged Carpets belong to the category of middle carpets of the carpet weaving school in Ganja. Chiragly carpets were first produced 35 km south of the city of Ganja, and now in the village of Chiragly, located in the Dashkesan region. After some time, these carpets began to be produced in all areas of carpet weaving in Ganja. Sometimes these carpets are sometimes called “Kazakh carpet”, “Ganja carpet”, “Fakhrali carpet”, “Shamkhor carpet” and others. The reason for this is that the carpet began to be produced in other areas. [five]
Samuh
Samukh carpets are considered the oldest and most famous carpets. The carpets were named after the village of Samukh, 35 km north of Ganja. Such carpets are also produced at carpet stations in the northwestern part of Samukh - Kassan, Salahli, Poilu, Gazakhli and other villages. These carpets are different from other carpets of the Ganja group. In the center of the intermediate part is a square lake. Inside the lake there are several long vertical stripes. These strips are complemented by a large fibrous element that bends inward. At the top and bottom of the lake are medium-sized illustrated medallions. These medallions are characteristic of the carpets of Guba and Shirvan. [five]
Shadyly
Shadyly carpets belong to the category of middle carpets of the carpet weaving school in Ganja. Shadyly carpets were woven in the village of Shadyly, which is located at the foot of the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus, on the territory of present Goranboy. After some time, the Shadyly carpets begin to be woven in Ganja, Shamkir, the villages of Chayly and Garadaghly and the Gazakh region. Carpet-weavers call these carpets “Gazakh carpets” or “Agstafa carpets”, and wine literature and some other sources can be called “Ganja carpets” or “Caucasian carpets”. The center of Shadly's carpets consists of three squares of small sizes and lined up square lakes. [five]
Notes
- ↑ Azərbaycan :: Baş səhifə
- ↑ Carpet making in Azerbaijan. Making carpets in Azerbaijan (English) (inaccessible link) . www.centralasia-travel.com. Date of treatment May 16, 2018. Archived May 24, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Latif Karimov. AZERBAIJAN CARPET. - GIANGLIK. BAKU., 1983.
- ↑ Carpet “Fahraly” - Unknown - Google Arts & Culture . Google Cultural Institute. Date of appeal May 16, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Latif Karimov. AZERBAIJAN CARPET. - Baku. Ganjlik, 1983.