TON 618 is a superbright radio-loud quasar located near the North Pole of the Galaxy in the constellation Hounds Dogs . A supermassive black hole with a mass of 66 billion solar masses is associated with the quasar [3] .
| TON 618 | |
|---|---|
| Observational data ( Era ) | |
| Constellation | Hounds Dogs |
| Right ascension | 12 h 28 m 24.9 s [1] |
| Declination | + 31 ° 28 ′ 38 ″ [1] |
| Redshift | 2,219 [1] |
| Distance | 10.37 billion St. years old (3.18 gigaparsec ) [1] |
| Type of | quasar |
| Visible magnitude (V) | |
| The properties | |
| superbright quasar supermassive black hole | |
Content
History
The object was discovered in 1957 as part of the study of dim blue stars (mainly white dwarfs ) located outside the plane of the Milky Way . The concept of a quasar took shape only in 1963 [4] , so the nature of the object at the time of its discovery remained unclear. On photographs taken with the 70-cm Schmidt telescope at the Tonantzintla Observatory in Mexico, the object was identified with the number “618” and described as “definitely purple” [5] .
In 1970, the Institute of Radio Astronomy in Bologna discovered radio emission from TON 618, after which the object was identified as a quasar [6] . Marie-Helen Ulrich at the McDonald Observatory, while observing TON 618, recorded emission lines typical of a quasar. The redshift (z) exceeded 2.2, that is, TON 618 was a very distant object, and at that time (1976) it was one of the brightest quasars [7] .
Supermassive Black Hole
It is assumed that the TON 618 quasar has an accretion disk of hot gas rotating around a giant black hole in the center of the galaxy . It is estimated that the distance to the quasar is 3.18 gigaparsec or 10.37 billion light years . The galaxy in the center of which is a quasar is not visible from the Earth because of the brightness of the quasar itself. The absolute magnitude of the quasar is −30.7, its luminosity is 4 × 10 40 watts , which is 140 trillion times greater than the solar [1] .
The emission lines in the TON 618 spectrum are unusually wide [7] , which means that the gas moves in the accretion disk at a very high speed, about 7000 km / s [3] . The mass of the black hole is 66 billion solar masses [3] .
See also
- Supermassive black hole
- List of quasars
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 NED results for object TON 618 (English) . NASA / IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE.
- ↑ M.-P. Véron-Cetty, P. Véron A catalog of quasars and active nuclei: 13th edition // Astron. Astrophys. - EDP Sciences , 2010. - Vol. 518. - P. A10. - ISSN 0004-6361 ; 0365-0138 ; 1432-0746 ; 1286-4846 - doi: 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201014188
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shemmer, O .; Netzer, H .; Maiolino, R .; Oliva, E .; Croom, S .; Corbett, E .; di Fabrizio, L. Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship (Eng.) // The Astrophysical Journal : journal. - IOP Publishing 2004. - Vol. 614 . - P. 547–557 . - DOI : 10.1086 / 423607 . - . - arXiv : astro-ph / 0406559 .
- ↑ 1963: Maarten Schmidt Discovers Quasars . Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science.
- ↑ Iriarte, Braulio; Chavira, Enrique. Blue stars in the North Galactic Cap (unknown) // Boletín de los Observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya. - 1957. - T. 2 , No. 16 . - S. 3-36 .
- ↑ Colla, G .; Fanti, C .; Ficarra, A .; Formiggini, L .; Gandolfi, E .; Grueff, G .; Lari, C .; Padrielli, L .; Roffi, G .; Tomasi, P; Vigotti, M. A catalog of 3235 radio sources at 408 MHz // Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series . - EDP Sciences 1970. - Vol. 1 , no. 3 . - P. 281 . - .
- ↑ 1 2 Ulrich, Marie-Helene. Optical spectrum and redshifts of a quasar of extremely high intrinsice luminosity: B2 1225 + 31 (Eng.) // The Astrophysical Journal : journal. - IOP Publishing 1976. - Vol. 207 . - P. L73 — L74 . - DOI : 10.1086 / 182182 . - .