Ghervonets Gella [1] , or Gella Ghervonets [2] or bluish Ghervonets [3] or Blue -eyed [3] , or Goggle-eyed [4] ( lat. Lycaena helle ) - day butterfly from the family of Lycaenidae .
| Ghervonets Gella | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
| Latin name | ||||||||||||||||
| Lycaena helle ( Denis & Schiffermüller ), 1775 |
Content
Etymology of the Latin name
Gella ( Greek mythology ) is the daughter of Afamant , king of the Boeotian city of Orchomen , and the cloud goddess Nefela . During the flight from the evil stepmother Ino, Gella fell from the back of a golden-fleece ram flying through the air into the waters of the strait and drowned. Since then, this strait has received the name Hellespont (modern Dardanelles ) [3] .
Description
Butterflies with front wings 12-15 mm long. The color of the upper side of the male’s wings is reddish with a bright violet sheen; in the female, it is reddish with black dots and a bluish band around the edge. The underside of the hind wings is dark brown with a row of orange spots in the submarginal region reaching the apex of the wing, and an even row of black dots parallel to the edge. The main color of the lower side of the front wings is bright red. Bottom of the front and hind wings, the black marginal points are bordered by a sharp white rim, often merged into a single strip, and on the hind wings, represented by white brackets.
Range
Central and Northern Europe , Central and Southern Siberia (east to the Pacific Ocean , east of Western Siberia south of the 65th parallel and without the north of the Far East ), ridges of the Dzungarian Alatau and Saur in Eastern Kazakhstan , Mongolia , Northern China .
Distribution in Eastern Europe covers almost the entire territory. However, in Eastern Europe, the species is rare and local. Several populations are registered in Poland . On the territory of Eastern Europe, the species disappeared in Slovakia and Hungary . This species is very rare in Lithuania , where it is found only in the east of the country. Only two local populations are currently known in Belarus (in the Grodno region and the Berezinsky nature reserve ). In the Minsk region, two habitats of the species were destroyed during land reclamation. In Ukraine, it is reliably known only from a few localities from the Volyn , Lviv , and Transcarpathian regions. It is also preserved in the vicinity of Kiev , where the habitat of the species does not exceed an area of 10 hectares. Earlier it was also registered in Ivano-Frankivsk (until 1936), Vinnitsa (1908) and Zhytomyr (until 1930) regions. In Russia, it is almost everywhere local, more common in the middle lane and in the north to the middle taiga , as well as in subalpine meadows of the Central Caucasus , at an altitude of about 1500-2000 m above sea level. m. The northern locations of the species are known in the Arkhangelsk region , in the environs of Luvengi and Kandalaksha ( Murmansk region ), in the Subpolar Urals . In the north, it is locally known from the middle zone: Ivanovo Region , western regions of the Tver Region , east of the Pskov Region , the environs of Vladimir, Kaluga Region , and northern regions of the Moscow Region . In the south of the range reaches the Tatishchevsky district of the Saratov region , the forest-steppe of the Belgorod region , Kursk and Penza regions . The southernmost known location of the species is in the Rostov region (Mityakinskaya station). Widely distributed throughout the Urals (from the South to the Subpolar Urals).
Habitats
Inhabits forest peat bogs, swampy meadows, outskirts of lowland marshes. In the south of the range inhabited by wet meadows on peaty soils in old mixed forests. In the Caucasus, the habitat is subalpine tall-herb meadows (mainly on the northern slopes) at an altitude of 1700 to 2300 m above sea level. m In the Urals and Siberia, it inhabits moist forest meadows on the plain and in the mountains, sometimes up to char, often floodplains. In the Amur region, it is rarely found on dry lawns and ground outcrops.
Biology
In Belarus and in most of Russia it develops in one generation, the flight of butterflies - from early May to mid-June. It occurs in Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine from the end of April to June and in July-August (the second generation probably develops only partially, that is, part of the first generation pupae remains for wintering until the spring of next year). In the Caucasus, years of butterflies are observed in late June - early July.
Eggs are white or greenish, in small dents, with a dark top. The female lays 1-4 eggs on the lower side of the leaves, at the base of the leaves or on the stems of the feed plant, not high above the ground.
The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with dark green in a light frame framed by a strip along the back and yellowish above the legs on each side. The head is yellowish-orange. The body is in short, dense green hairs on yellowish warts. Caterpillars most of the time on the underside of the leaf, eating out the lower epidermis and the spongy tissue of the leaf; only after the last molt do the caterpillars eat the whole leaf or eat through holes. Caterpillars can be found from May to October.
Pupa yellowish-brown with dark framing of spiracles and brown lines on wing primordia. Pupation takes place near the surface of the earth on stems or dead plant debris. The pup overwinter.
Fodder plants of caterpillars: large coil , knotweed , sorrel sorrel , water sorrel , snake highlander [2] .
Security
In the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species has the 3rd category of protection (VU is a vulnerable taxon that is threatened with extinction in the long term due to morphophysiological and / or behavioral characteristics that make them vulnerable to any, even minor, changes in the environment) .
It is included in the Red Book of European Day Butterflies with the category SPEC3 - a species that lives both in Europe and beyond, but is endangered in Europe.
It is included in the Red Books of East Fennoscandia (1998) for Germany (1st category), Sweden (4th category), Finland (4th category), Karelia (4th category), Norway (3rd category); Lithuania (1992), (1 category); Belarus (2 category); Moscow Region of Russia (1998), (1 category).
Notes
- ↑ Lvovsky A.L., Morgun D.V. Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in Eastern Europe. - M .: T-number of scientific publications of KMK, 2007. - P. 72. - 443 p. - ISBN 978-5-87317-362-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 Yu. P. Korshunov. Qualifiers for the flora and fauna of Russia // Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in North Asia. Issue 4. - M .: KMK Scientific Publications Partnership, 2002. - P. 353. - ISBN 5-87317-115-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Morgun D.V., Dovgaylo K.E., Rubin N.I., Solodovnikov I.A., Plyushch I.G. Day butterflies (Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea, Lepidoptera) of Eastern Europe. CD identifier, database and software package “Lysandra”. - Minsk, Kiev, Moscow: 2005.
- ↑ Gorbunov P. Yu., Olshvang V.N. Butterflies of the Middle Urals: A Guide-Guide. - Yekaterinburg: Sokrat, 2007. - S. 266. - 352 p.