“Pan Tadehusz” ( Polish “Pan Tadeusz” ) is the greatest work of Adam Mickiewicz , an epic poem written in 1832–1834 in Paris , where the poet lived in exile, and published there in 1834 . It consists of 12 parts (“books”) with a total volume of almost 10 thousand lines (Polish Alexandrian verse , that is, a syllabic 13-complex).
Pan Tadeusz | |
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Pan tadeusz | |
first Parisian edition | |
Genre | , and |
Author | Adam Mickiewicz |
Original language | |
Date of first publication | 1834 |
Publisher | |
The full name is “Pan Tadeusz, or the last hitting in Lithuania. The story of the gentry of 1811-1812 in twelve books, written in verse ”( Pan Tadeusz czyli Ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem pisana ). “Hitting” ( Polish zajazd ) is an ancient Polish term for military attack.
Description
The action of the poem takes place over 5 days in 1811 and one day in 1812 on the banks of the Neman , " on Lithuania" (in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania ) before Napoleon's invasion of Russia . The main characters of the poem are Tadeusz and Zosya, representatives of two rival noble families - Soplitz and Goreshkov. The idea of the poem has grown from an idyll (a model for which was Goethe 's idyll “Hermann and Dorothea”) into a broad epic picture combining household, military, love and patriotic lines. The poem recreates so faithfully and in detail the pictures of life, life and customs of the Polish and Lithuanian gentry (description of hunting, feasts, festivals, customs) that during the author's lifetime she received the description “Encyclopedia of Polish Life”.
"Pan Tadeusz" was the last major work of art Mickiewicz, later he practically stopped writing poetry and in the last twenty years of his life he mainly focused on journalism.
“Pan Tadeusz” begins with a famous declaration of love for Lithuania (Mickiewicz was born near Novogrudok , now Belarus ):
Litwo! Ojczyzno moja! ty jesteś jak zdrowie.
Ile cię trzeba cenić, ten tylko się dowie,
Kto cię stracił. Dziś piękność twą w całej ozdobie
Widzę i opisuję, bo tęsknię po tobie.
Lithuania! O Motherland! You are like health. Thats
You will truly appreciate and understand
Who lost you. Now painting
You in all its glory, then, that I yearn.
The poem created a complete nostalgia and humor image of colorful, but historically doomed gentry manners. From the very beginning, the poem received immense popularity among Polish and Lithuanian immigrants. It is considered the Polish national epic and a masterpiece of verbal painting. Classic illustrations for the poem created by Michal Elviro Andriolli . "Pan Tadeusz" was filmed for the first time in ( 1928 ) by Polish director Ryszard Ordynsky. The latest screen version created in ( 1999 ) by Andrzej Wajda .
The autograph of the poem from the 1870s was kept in the Ossolineum library in Lviv , in a specially made artistic casket made of dark wood and ivory. In 1946, together with the main assets of the Ossolinsky Library, the manuscript was transferred to Wroclaw , where it is now.
The poem “Pan Tadeusz” was the most published Polish work of fiction in Poland in 1944–2004: during this period 155 editions were published with a total circulation of 9.791 million copies [2] .
“Pan Tadeusz” in Russian Translations
Full translations of the poem by A. Mitskevich into Russian:
- Translation of Nikolai Berg - 1875 (separate edition)
- Translation by Vladimir Benediktov - 1882
- Translation of Susanna Mar (Aksenova) - 1954 (separate edition)
- Translation of the Muse of Pavlova - 1954
- Translation of Svyatoslav Svyatsky - 1998
Illustrations
"Mushroom picking". Illustration of František Kostzewski. 1860
Illustration by Michal Andriolli for book 6
Notes
- ↑ Library of Congress - 1800.
- ↑ Krystyna Bańkowska-Bober. Statystyka wydawnictw w Polsce. Historia, metodyka i organizacja. - Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2006. - P. 141.
Links
- Khodasevich V.F. The centenary of "Pan Tadeusz"
- Ban Tadeusz : Wikimedia Commons