Disputer, Dis Pater ( lat. Dīs Pater [ d i ː s ˈ p a . T ɛ r ]) - the ancient Roman god of the underworld . Initially - the chthonic god of wealth, fertile agricultural land and underground wealth; later was equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus , becoming underground.
| Dispatcher | |
|---|---|
 Bronze figurine of the Dispenser at the Archaeological Museum of Strasbourg | |
| Mythology | and |
| Type of | god of the underworld |
| Latin spelling | Dis Pater, Dispater |
| Floor | male |
| Father | Saturn (Greek Chronos ) |
| Mother | Opa (Greek Rhea ) |
| Brother | Jupiter and Neptune |
| Spouse | Proserpine (Greek: Persephone ) or Erikure |
| Mentions | Notes on the Gallic War |
| Identifications | Hades , Soranus |
| In Hellenism | Pluto , Orcus |
| In other cultures | |
The full name of the god Disputer , which has become an alternative name for the underworld or part of the underworld, as the city of Dis Divine Comedy , which includes Lower Hell , is traditionally shortened to Dis .
It is often believed that Disputer was also a Celtic god . The confusion arises from quoting one of Julius Caesar's comments on the Gallic Wars (VI: 18), where the commander says that the Gauls claimed to have descended from Dīs Pater . However, Caesar's remark is a vivid example of interpretation : Caesar meant that the Gauls claimed their origin from the Gallic god, who reminded him of the Roman Dis Pater - a chthonic deity associated with prosperity and fertility. There are various possible candidates for this role in Celtic mythology , such as the Gallic Sucell, the Irish Donne, and the Welsh Beli Maur.
Content
Etymology
In " " Cicero derives the name of Disputer from dives , which means "father of wealth", directly linking it to the name of Pluto (from other Greek. Πλούτων , Ploutōn , which means "rich"). According to some authors of the 19th century, many of the etymological conclusions of Cicero should not be taken seriously, however this specific conclusion of Cicero was taken by some modern authors: some even suggested that Dīs Pater is a direct tracing-paper from Plouton [1] .
Alternatively, it can be derived from Jupiter ( proto-Indo-European Dyeus Phter , or “ Zeus the Father”).
Mythology
Like Pluto, Disputer eventually became associated with death and the underworld, because fossil riches - precious stones and metals - come from the earth, where the kingdom of the dead lies.
Being connected with Pluto, Disputer took on some of the Greek mythological attributes of Pluto ( Hades ), being one of the three sons of Saturn (Greek Chronos ) and Opa (Greek Rhea ), along with Jupiter and Neptune . He ruled the underworld and the dead with his wife Proserpina (Greek Persephone ) [2] . In literature, it was usually used as a symbolic and poetic way of designating death itself.
Worship
In 249 and 207 BC. e. the Roman Senate , led by Lucius Catellius, instituted a special celebration in honor of Dispater and Proserpine, which was celebrated every hundred years. According to legend, the round marble altar of Disputer and Proserpina ( Ara Ditis Patris et Proserpinae ) was miraculously discovered by the servants of Sabine Valezia, the ancestor of the first consul, 6 meters underground, when the servants were preparing a foundation site in Tarente on the edge of the Field of Mars , following the instructions to these children in a dream. After three days of sacrifice, Valézius buried the altar again, and later sacrifices were made on it during the Lorenz Terentini Games . Perhaps, the equipment was dug up for games each time to be later buried (obviously a chthonic tradition of worship). It was rediscovered in 1886-1887 under the streets of Corso Vittorio Emanuele in Rome [3] [4] .
Besides the fact that the Disputer was considered the ancestor of the Gauls, it was sometimes identified with the Sabine god Soranus . In southern Germany and the Balkans, the dispensary was considered to be the Celtic goddess Erikure . The dispensary was occasionally associated with foreign deities under the abbreviated name Dis [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Latte, Kurt, 1891-1964. Römische Religionsgeschichte . - 2. unveränderte Aufl. - München: Beck, 1967, © 1960. - S. p. 247. - xvi, 444 pages, [16] pages of plates p. - ISBN 3406013740 , 9783406013744.
- ↑ Grimal, Pierre, 1912-1996 ,. The dictionary of classical mythology . - Oxford, England. - S. 141, 147. - 603 pages p. - ISBN 0631132090 , 9780631132097.
- ↑ Nash, Ernest. Pictorial dictionary of ancient Rome . - New York: Hacker, 1981. - S. 57. - 2 volumes p. - ISBN 0878172653 , 9780878172658.
- ↑ Richardson, Lawrence, Jr., 1920-2013. A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome . - Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. - S. 110-111. - xxxiv, 458 pages p. - ISBN 0801843006 , 9780801843006.
- ↑ Aldhouse-Green, Miranda J. (Miranda Jane). Dictionary of Celtic myth and legend . - New York: Thames and Hudson, 1992 .-- pp. 81-82. - 240 pages p. - ISBN 0500015163 , 9780500015162, 0500279756, 9780500279755.