Gebelein ( Arabic. الجبلين : Two mountains ; eg. Inerty or Per-Hathor ; Greek. Pathyris or Aphroditopolis ) [1] - an ancient Egyptian city located on the banks of the Nile , about 40 km south of Thebes , in Wadi el Gadid .
| Gebelein | |
|---|---|
| Arab. الجبلين | |
| A country | Egypt |
| Region | Wadi al gedid |
| Coordinates | |
| Established | Pre-dynastic period |
The modern name of the area sounds in Arabic as Naga al-Gerir ( Arabic. الغريرة ).
Content
Archeology
Gebelein is known for the necropolis that existed from the Pre-Dynastic period to the Middle Kingdom [2] [3] . Archaeological interest in the city appeared at the beginning of the XVIII century AD and was reflected in the work of Benoit de Maye "On the Writing of Egypt" [4] . Along with the findings of official archeology, artifacts found here are illegally sold on the antiquities market and are included in the collections of museums in Turin, Cairo, Berlin, Lyon and the British Museum
Dynastic Mummies
In Goebelin, six naturally mummified bodies of people of Badary culture were found , whose death dates back to about 3400 BC. e., that is, the late pre-dynastic period in Egypt. Goebelian mummies were excavated in the desert at the end of the 19th century by Wallis Budge [5] .
Mummies have been on display at the British Museum since 1901 [6] .
Hathor Temple
In Goebelin, the ruins of the Hathor temple (on the eastern slope) with the number of cartouches on clay bricks and the royal stela of the II – III dynasties were also preserved [7] . Records of the rulers of the Second Transitional period are presented , including the stela of Dedumos II , the stone of Dzhudatkar Montemsaf and the stela of the ruler named Szekemtaui. The rulers of the Hyksos are also mentioned - these are Apopi I (on the doorway) and Hyan (on black granite).
Later finds include a brick with the name of the high priest Amon Menheperr and his wife Isetemheb. The brick probably came from a port adjacent to the temple. Fragments of the statue of Ptolemy VIII Everget II are preserved from the Ptolemaic era.
Ptolemaic period
During the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor in Goebelain there was a military camp, as a result of the Theban uprising of 186 BC. e. [8] . The camp was destroyed by rebels in 88 BC. e., and the area is no longer populated by people on the same scale. Several hundred demotic and Greek papyrus and ostracons relating to military personnel and the local temple were found in ruins from 1890-1930. This includes the archive of the mercenary Khoros, the son of Nehotes and the rider of Driton.
See also
- Gobelin mummies
Links
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt . - London: Routledge, 1999 .-- S. 338. - 938 p. - ISBN 0415185890 .
- ↑ Gebelein human mummy, 3400 BC . British Museum. Date of treatment June 5, 2010.
- ↑ Cosmetic-box, Graeco-Roman . British Museum (May 14, 2010). Date of treatment June 5, 2010.
- ↑ Mascrier, Jean Baptiste Le & de Maillet, Benoit. Description de l'Egypte / Louis Genneay. - 1735.
- ↑ EA Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis) Budge . By Nile and Tigris, a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British museum between the years 1886 and 1913 . - London, J. Murray, 1920 .-- 562 p.
- ↑ Maev Kennedy . Ancient Egyptian given new lease of life: Maev Kennedy goes down among the dead men at the British Museum to see a mummy made up, The Guardian (London) (October 14, 1987).
- ↑ Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs and Paintings, V Upper Egypt: Sites. - Griffith Institute, 2004 .-- T. V.
- ↑ JG Manning. Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure. - Cambridge University Press, 2003.