The process of racist-turnerists - the trial in Turkey from September 7, 1944 to March 29, 1945, against 23 activists of Pan - Turkism and Panturanism . Zeki Validi Togan , Alparslan Turksh , Nihal Atsiz , his brother Nejdet Sanchar, Reha Oguz Tyurkkan, Cihat Sawash Fehr, Nurullah Bariman, Fethi Tevetoлуlu, Jabbar Chenel and Jemal Oguz Odzh were sentenced to various preventive measures.
Content
Background
Journalist, writer and ideologist of Pan-Turkism Nihal Atsyz was convinced that communism is a threat to Turkey, and the government is not only not taking measures to combat it, but also allowed the Communists to join it. Atsyz wrote two articles in the journal Orkhun published by him in which he defended this point of view. In the first of these two articles, which was published on March 1, 1944, Nihal Atsyz quoted a speech from Prime Minister Шukrü Saracoglu ’s speech he delivered in parliament on August 5, 1942:
We are Türks, and Türks always remain Türks. For us, Turkism in the blood is just as important as in consciousness and culture. We are not those Turks who will weaken or shrink. We are Turks who are growing and intend to grow further. And we will always work on this [1] .
Atsyz believed that the government was not taking any measures to combat the communist threat. In his second article, published on April 1, 1944, he listed a number of people who, according to Atsyz, were communists, he singled out the Turkish Ministry of Education, which he called "communist." Among the people named by Atsyz were Giritli Ahmed Dzhevad Emre, Pertev Nalili Boratav, Sabahattin Ali , Sadrettin Jelal Antel, as well as Minister of Education Hassan Ali Yuzhel , whom Nihal Atsyz called for resignation. After the publication of Atsiz’s articles in Ankara and Istanbul , several protests against the “communist threat” were held.
On the advice of Education Minister Hassan Ali Yudzhel and journalist Falih Ryfky Atai, writer Sabahattin Ali, whom Nihal accused of working for the communists, filed a lawsuit against Atsyz. The trial began on April 26, 1944 and attracted a significant number of students, the courtroom was crowded. At the first meeting, Atsyz accused Ali of treason and demanded that he confess. Consideration was postponed until May 3.
May 3 Protests
The second court session was preceded by mass demonstrations in Ankara in support of Atsiz, in which thousands of people participated. After the protesters were not allowed into the courtroom, they gathered in Ulus Square, began to sing the national anthem and chant anti-communist slogans [2] . Then the demonstrators intended to go to Prime Minister Sukru Saracoglu, but they were prevented by the police. 165 people were arrested [3] .
Alparslan Turksh described these events in the following way:
How was it possible to protest against the national leader ( Ismet Inonyu ) and his ministry of education? No protest action could be held without the approval of the national leader. Democracy, equality, freedom, youth ... it was all empty words for the Turkish government in 1944. The approval of the people and the enthusiasm of the youth should have been given only to the government [4] .
The police swept away the demonstrators, Alparslan Turkesh, who was among them, later recalled:
The young people, who enthusiastically took to the streets on May 3, were mercilessly beaten. ... Many had broken arms or ribs [5] .
On May 9, 1944, Atsyz was again arrested, he was accused of creating an organization intending to overthrow the government [6] . On May 6, 1944, the magazine Orkhun published by him was banned.
The racist turnist process
The second process began on May 18, 1944 in Istanbul and lasted until March 31, 1947. In total there were 65 sessions, 23 accused. 13 people were acquitted, the remaining ten were sentenced to various prison terms. In his speech at the court, Atsyz declared that turbanism is vital for the survival of the Turks, he cited several examples from the history when the Turks lost their battles because of the betrayal of non-Turkic units. Atsyz also said that the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Damat Ferid-Pasha , who signed the Treaty of Sevres , has Armenian roots, which, according to Atsyz, was proof of his correctness. Also Atsyz said:
I am a Turkist. Turkism is nationalism. It also includes racism and turanism. Racism and turunism do not violate the Constitution. No one person can be prosecuted on charges that are not in the Criminal Code. The state itself manifested racism and turism, annexing Hatay [7] .
On August 26, 1946, after filing complaints of mistreatment and torture in prison, the process was again resumed at the Military Court of Cassation. March 31, 1947 all defendants were pardoned. The court also stated that the demonstration of May 3, 1944 was a protest of national ideology against non-national ideology [8] . By "non-national ideology" was understood communism. The reason that various decisions were made in 1944 and 1947 was the beginning of the Cold War, as well as the fact that in March 1945 the USSR declared the need to revise the agreements on the Soviet-Turkish border concluded in the 1920s.
May 3 is celebrated in a number of countries as the day of Turkism or Turkic solidarity [9] .
Notes
- ↑ Biz Türk'üz, Türkçüyüz ve daima Türkçü kalacağız. Bizim için Türkçülük bir kan meselesi olduğu kadar bir vicdan ve kültür meselesidir. Biz azalan veya azaltan Türkçü değil, çoğalan ve çoğaltan Türkçüyüz. Ve her vakit bu istikamette çalışacağız. (Quelle: TBMM, Zabit Cerideleri, Devre 6, Cilt 27, S. 24-25)
- ↑ Orhun , 27 Nisan 1951, Sayı: 30
- ↑ Orhun , 4 Mayıs 1951, Sayı: 31
- ↑ Original: Bunlar Milli veef ve onun gözde Milli Eğitim Bakanına nasıl gösteri yapabiliyorlardı? O zamana kadar Milli Şef'in müsaade etmediği hiçbir gösteri yapılamazdı. Demokrasi, Eşitlik, Hürriyet, Gençlik ... Bütün bunlar Türkiye'nin 1944 iktidarında hep parad palavradır. Halkın alkışları, gençlikten çıkacak "yaşa" naraları kayıtsız şartsız İnönü'nün tekelinde kalmalıdır. Quelle: Alpaslan Türkeş, 1944 Milliyetçilik Olayı, İstanbul, 1992, S. 39
- ↑ Original: 3 Mayıs günü heyecanla sokağa fırlayan gençler kıyasıya dövüldüler. Kafaları yarıldı, gözleri patladı. Bazılarının kolları, kaburgaları kırıldı. Quelle: Hulusi Turgut, Türkeş'in Anıları-Şahinlerin Dansı, İstanbul, 1995, S. 40
- ↑ ... "counting national interests" and "setting up secret organizations to overthrow the government ...", Arzu Öztürkmen, S. 195
- ↑ Original: Türkçüyüm. Türkçülük milliyetçiliktir. Irkçılık ve Turancılık da bunun şümûlüne dahildir. Memleket ya bu iki temel üzerinde yükselecek veya yıkılacaktır. Irkçılık ve Turancılık Anayasaya aykırı değildir. Ceza Kanununda sarahatle suç olduğu yazılmayan bir hakaretten dolayı kimse suçlandırılamaz. Devlet de icraatıyla açıkça ırkçı, Hatay'ı ilhak etmekle de Turancıdır. Quelle: [1]
- ↑ Arzu Öztürkmen, S. 196
- ↑ In Kazan, they celebrated the Day of Turkism by laying flowers at the monument to Sadri Maksoudi