Amad (draft)

Sources of information

In November 2011, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) decided to publish a separate appendix "Possible Military Aspects" ^[6] ( Eng. Possible Military Dimensions, PMD ) of the Iranian nuclear program - as of 2016, this detailed twelve-page document was the main source of information about the project "Amad" ^{[7] [8]} .

Run

The first sketches of the future project “Amad” appeared in 2000 (according to other data, the project was created back in 1989 with the purpose of acquiring dual-use technologies ^[9] ); supposed to be responsible for reorganizing previous research into a new project. Most of the project’s activities began in 2002 at ^10] (Lavizan-Shian), but were also conducted at other sites; Fahrizadeh-Mahabadi ^{[11] [12] [9]} also carried out general coordination from his central office.

Work Progress

Subprojects 5 and 4

Subproject 3

Subprojects 110 and 111

Freeze

According to information provided by the IAEA by its member states (in particular, according to the CIA ^[9] ), the Amad project was abruptly discontinued at the end of 2003 — after receiving a relevant order ( eng. Halt order ) from high-ranking Iranian officials. At the same time, initially the employees who worked in various subprojects presumably remained at their workplaces in order to make a record and report on the results achieved by that moment. After that - from the end of 2003 to the beginning of 2004 - both the equipment and the workplaces of the employees who participated in the project were destroyed - in order to leave as few traces as possible which could indicate “delicate” ( eng. Sensitive ) the nature of the work done ^{[13] [12]} .

2018

According to the statement of the Government of Israel , made on April 30, 2018 , 100,000 paper and digital documents about the Amad project ^[14] fell into his hands, and the project continues to be implemented ^{[15] [16] [17]} .

The deputy head of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Abbas Arakchi, called Netanyahu ’s accusations "a ridiculous show." ^{[18] [19]}

A few hours after the promulgation of documents, Israeli Prime Minister B. Netanyahu spoke with Russian President V. Putin on the topic of the “Iranian military-nuclear program”; in the course of the conversation, Putin confirmed that Russia will continue to fulfill its obligations under the ADJT until other participants do this ^[20] . On the same day, US President Donald Trump stated that he considers this data a factor that is important when deciding to exit from a DFAS ^{[21] [22] [23] [24]} (and ultimately this led, on May 8, to from the agreement).

On May 1, a statement by the IAEA was published, stating that the agency after 2009 did not receive reliable information that could indicate Iran’s intention to produce nuclear weapons ( English no credible indications of activities ) ^[25] . On May 3, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Israeli data on Iran’s possession of nuclear weapons may relate to the past ^[26] . According to the statement of the Government of Israel made on April 30, 2018 , 100,000 paper and digital documents about the “Amad” project ^[27] fell into his hands, and the project continues to be implemented ^{[28] [29] [30]} .

The deputy head of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Abbas Aracchi, called Netanyahu ’s accusations "ridiculous show" ^{[31] [32]} .

A few hours after the promulgation of documents, Israeli Prime Minister B. Netanyahu spoke with Russian President V. Putin on the topic of the “Iranian military-nuclear program”; in the course of the conversation, Putin confirmed that Russia will continue to fulfill its obligations under the ADJT until other participants do this ^[33] . On the same day, US President Donald Trump stated that he considers this data a factor that is important when deciding to exit from a DFAS ^{[34] [35] [36] [37]} (and eventually this led, on May 8, to from the agreement).

On May 1, a statement by the IAEA was published, stating that the agency after 2009 did not receive reliable information that could indicate Iran’s intention to produce nuclear weapons ( English no credible indications of activities ) ^[38] . On May 3, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Israeli data on the presence of nuclear weapons by Iran may relate to the past ^[39] .

Despite the fact that the IAEA published data on the “Amad” project as early as 2011, information about the work under this program was not discussed publicly in 2015 — at the time of the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (JFID) ^[40] .

• Israeli-Syrian incident (May 2018)

• Jane's International Defense Review: IDR. . - Jane's Information Group , 2008. - T. 41. - p. 33. - 460 p.
• Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Iran's Nuclear Program: A Collection of Documents . - The Stationery Office, 2008. - Vol. 2. - p. 146. - 300 p. - ISBN 9780101742122 .
• Ver Iran ) ())) . - Springer, Dordrecht, 2013. - p . 91–98 . - ISBN 9789400760189 . - DOI : 10.1007 / 978-94-007-6019-6_7 .
• , Bryan Gold. The Gulf Military Balance: The Missile and Nuclear Dimensions . - Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. - 276 p. - (CSIS Reports, Vol. 2). - ISBN 9781442227941 . - ISBN 144222794X .
• Gregory F. Giles. Iran // Routledge Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation and Policy / Joseph F. Pilat, Nathan E. Busch. - Routledge , 2015. - p. 48-49. - 546 s. - ISBN 9781136012488 . - ISBN 1136012486 .
• Michele Gaietta. The Launch Of The AMAD Plan // The Trajectory Of Iran’s Nuclear Program. - Springer, 2016. - p. 140-149. - 282 s. - ISBN 9781137508256 . - ISBN 1137508256 .
• Farhad Rezaei. Iran’s Nuclear Program: A Study in Proliferation and Rollback . - Springer, 2017. - p. 181. - 272 p. - ISBN 9783319441207 . - ISBN 3319441205 .
• Farhad Rezaei, Somayeh Khodaei Moshirabad. The Revolutionary Guards: From the Nuclear Agreement (Eng.) // British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. - 2018. - Vol. 45 , no. 2 - P. 138-155 . - DOI : 10.1080 / 13530194.2016.1214817 .

• Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Regarding Nuclear Agreement with Iran (en)
• Iran may be researching nuclear warhead, claims watchdog // The Guardian , 8 Nov 2011
• Nuclear deal: Netanyahu accuses Iran of cheating on agreement // The Guardian , 30 Apr 2018