The project "Amad" [4] ( eng. AMAD Plan , pers. پروژه آماد ) is a secret Iranian research project of 2000-2003, the purpose of which was to develop and test a nuclear warhead for a ballistic missile .
Project "Amad" | |
---|---|
Persian. روژه آماد | |
Executives | |
Chapter [1] [2] | Mohsen Fahrizadeh Mahabadi |
Base | |
Founding date | 2000 |
Liquidation | |
2003 | |
Subsidiaries | Kimia Maadan (Kimia Madan, KM) [3] |
According to the statement of the government of Israel made on April 30, 2018, the project continues to be carried out. However, on May 1, a statement by the IAEA was published, stating that the agency after 2009 did not receive reliable information that could indicate Iran’s intention to produce nuclear weapons ( English no credible indications of activities ) [5] .
Content
Project
Sources of information
In November 2011, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) decided to publish a separate appendix "Possible Military Aspects" [6] ( Eng. Possible Military Dimensions, PMD ) of the Iranian nuclear program - as of 2016, this detailed twelve-page document was the main source of information about the project "Amad" [7] [8] .
Run
The first sketches of the future project “Amad” appeared in 2000 (according to other data, the project was created back in 1989 with the purpose of acquiring dual-use technologies [9] ); supposed to be responsible for reorganizing previous research into a new project. Most of the project’s activities began in 2002 at 10] (Lavizan-Shian), but were also conducted at other sites; Fahrizadeh-Mahabadi [11] [12] [9] also carried out general coordination from his central office.
Work Progress
Subprojects 5 and 4
Subproject 3
Subprojects 110 and 111
Freeze
According to information provided by the IAEA by its member states (in particular, according to the CIA [9] ), the Amad project was abruptly discontinued at the end of 2003 — after receiving a relevant order ( eng. Halt order ) from high-ranking Iranian officials. At the same time, initially the employees who worked in various subprojects presumably remained at their workplaces in order to make a record and report on the results achieved by that moment. After that - from the end of 2003 to the beginning of 2004 - both the equipment and the workplaces of the employees who participated in the project were destroyed - in order to leave as few traces as possible which could indicate “delicate” ( eng. Sensitive ) the nature of the work done [13] [12] .
- 2018
According to the statement of the Government of Israel , made on April 30, 2018 , 100,000 paper and digital documents about the Amad project [14] fell into his hands, and the project continues to be implemented [15] [16] [17] .
The deputy head of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Abbas Arakchi, called Netanyahu ’s accusations "a ridiculous show." [18] [19]
A few hours after the promulgation of documents, Israeli Prime Minister B. Netanyahu spoke with Russian President V. Putin on the topic of the “Iranian military-nuclear program”; in the course of the conversation, Putin confirmed that Russia will continue to fulfill its obligations under the ADJT until other participants do this [20] . On the same day, US President Donald Trump stated that he considers this data a factor that is important when deciding to exit from a DFAS [21] [22] [23] [24] (and ultimately this led, on May 8, to from the agreement).
On May 1, a statement by the IAEA was published, stating that the agency after 2009 did not receive reliable information that could indicate Iran’s intention to produce nuclear weapons ( English no credible indications of activities ) [25] . On May 3, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Israeli data on Iran’s possession of nuclear weapons may relate to the past [26] . According to the statement of the Government of Israel made on April 30, 2018 , 100,000 paper and digital documents about the “Amad” project [27] fell into his hands, and the project continues to be implemented [28] [29] [30] .
The deputy head of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Abbas Aracchi, called Netanyahu ’s accusations "ridiculous show" [31] [32] .
A few hours after the promulgation of documents, Israeli Prime Minister B. Netanyahu spoke with Russian President V. Putin on the topic of the “Iranian military-nuclear program”; in the course of the conversation, Putin confirmed that Russia will continue to fulfill its obligations under the ADJT until other participants do this [33] . On the same day, US President Donald Trump stated that he considers this data a factor that is important when deciding to exit from a DFAS [34] [35] [36] [37] (and eventually this led, on May 8, to from the agreement).
On May 1, a statement by the IAEA was published, stating that the agency after 2009 did not receive reliable information that could indicate Iran’s intention to produce nuclear weapons ( English no credible indications of activities ) [38] . On May 3, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Israeli data on the presence of nuclear weapons by Iran may relate to the past [39] .
SVPD
Despite the fact that the IAEA published data on the “Amad” project as early as 2011, information about the work under this program was not discussed publicly in 2015 — at the time of the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (JFID) [40] .
See also
- Israeli-Syrian incident (May 2018)
Notes
- ↑ English Chief
- ↑ Gaietta, 2016 , p. 145.
- ↑ Cordesman, Gold, 2014 , pp. 87–88, 95.
- ↑ The X-Files: Netanyahu told about Iran’s “nuclear archive” , REGNUM news agency (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Statement on Iran by the IAEA Spokesperson, No. 22 (Eng.) . www.iaea.org (1 May 2018). The appeal date is May 2, 2018.
- ↑ The Art of Breaking Deals: Will Trump Refuse the Nuclear Agreement with Iran , TASS (October 13, 2017). The appeal date is May 3, 2018.
- ↑ Gaietta, 2016 , p. 139.
- ↑ Giles, 2015 , p. 48.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rezaei, 2017 , p. 181.
- ↑ The Iranian opposition found a secret nuclear center in Tehran , lenta.ru (November 17, 2004). The appeal date is May 2, 2018.
- ↑ Gaietta, 2016 , p. 140.
- ↑ 1 2 Cordesman, Gold, 2014 , p. 95
- ↑ Gaietta, 2016 , p. 147.
- ↑ The former head of the Israeli Ministry of Defense called for sanctions against Iran (Rus.) , RIA Novosti (May 5, 2018). The appeal date is May 5, 2018.
- ↑ Rafael Fakhrutdinov . “The nuclear deal with Iran is based on lies” , Gazeta.Ru (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Israel shared intelligence on Iran’s nuclear project with the United States , RIA Novosti (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Andrew Buncombe . Still wanting to make a nuclear weapon, Iran , The Independent (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Iran called the “ridiculous show” Israel’s accusations of developing nuclear weapons (Rus.) , Izvestia (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Iran responded to Israeli accusations of developing nuclear weapons . kommersant.ru (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Rafael Fakhrutdinov . “Putin confirmed Russia's position on the Iranian deal,” Gazeta.Ru (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ The White House accused Iran of having a secret nuclear program (Rus.) , RIA Novosti (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- Mp Trump Hints The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Bob Fredericks, Yaron Steinbuch . Netanyahu: Iran 'brazenly lied' about secret nuke program (English) , New York Post (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Israels Ministerpräsident Netanyahu wirft Iran Verstoss gegen den Atom-Deal vor (German) , Neue Zürcher Zeitung (1. Mai 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Statement on Iran by the IAEA Spokesperson, No. 22 (Eng.) . www.iaea.org (1 May 2018). The appeal date is May 2, 2018.
- ↑ Elvira Kokaya, Alexander Bratersky . The shadow of war: what will turn the confrontation between Iran and Israel , Gazeta.Ru (May 3, 2018). The appeal date is May 3, 2018.
- ↑ The former head of the Israeli Ministry of Defense called for sanctions against Iran (Rus.) , RIA Novosti (May 5, 2018). The appeal date is May 5, 2018.
- ↑ Rafael Fakhrutdinov . “The nuclear deal with Iran is based on lies” , Gazeta.Ru (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Israel shared intelligence on Iran’s nuclear project with the United States , RIA Novosti (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Andrew Buncombe . Still wanting to make a nuclear weapon, Iran , The Independent (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Iran called the “ridiculous show” Israel’s accusations of developing nuclear weapons (Rus.) , Izvestia (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Iran responded to Israeli accusations of developing nuclear weapons . kommersant.ru (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Rafael Fakhrutdinov . “Putin confirmed Russia's position on the Iranian deal,” Gazeta.Ru (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ The White House accused Iran of having a secret nuclear program (Rus.) , RIA Novosti (May 1, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- Mp Trump Hints The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Bob Fredericks, Yaron Steinbuch . Netanyahu: Iran 'brazenly lied' about secret nuke program (English) , New York Post (April 30, 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Israels Ministerpräsident Netanyahu wirft Iran Verstoss gegen den Atom-Deal vor (German) , Neue Zürcher Zeitung (1. Mai 2018). The appeal date is May 1, 2018.
- ↑ Statement on Iran by the IAEA Spokesperson, No. 22 (Eng.) . www.iaea.org (1 May 2018). The appeal date is May 2, 2018.
- ↑ Elvira Kokaya, Alexander Bratersky . The shadow of war: what will turn the confrontation between Iran and Israel , Gazeta.Ru (May 3, 2018). The appeal date is May 3, 2018.
- ↑ Anthony H. Cordesman. The Arab-US Strategic Partnerships and the United States of the United States of America . - Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. - p. 285–286. - 617 s. - ISBN 9781442258990 .
Literature
- Jane's International Defense Review: IDR. . - Jane's Information Group , 2008. - T. 41. - p. 33. - 460 p.
- Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Iran's Nuclear Program: A Collection of Documents . - The Stationery Office, 2008. - Vol. 2. - p. 146. - 300 p. - ISBN 9780101742122 .
- Ver Iran ) ())) . - Springer, Dordrecht, 2013. - p . 91–98 . - ISBN 9789400760189 . - DOI : 10.1007 / 978-94-007-6019-6_7 .
- , Bryan Gold. The Gulf Military Balance: The Missile and Nuclear Dimensions . - Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. - 276 p. - (CSIS Reports, Vol. 2). - ISBN 9781442227941 . - ISBN 144222794X .
- Gregory F. Giles. Iran // Routledge Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation and Policy / Joseph F. Pilat, Nathan E. Busch. - Routledge , 2015. - p. 48-49. - 546 s. - ISBN 9781136012488 . - ISBN 1136012486 .
- Michele Gaietta. The Launch Of The AMAD Plan // The Trajectory Of Iran’s Nuclear Program. - Springer, 2016. - p. 140-149. - 282 s. - ISBN 9781137508256 . - ISBN 1137508256 .
- Farhad Rezaei. Iran’s Nuclear Program: A Study in Proliferation and Rollback . - Springer, 2017. - p. 181. - 272 p. - ISBN 9783319441207 . - ISBN 3319441205 .
- Farhad Rezaei, Somayeh Khodaei Moshirabad. The Revolutionary Guards: From the Nuclear Agreement (Eng.) // British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. - 2018. - Vol. 45 , no. 2 - P. 138-155 . - DOI : 10.1080 / 13530194.2016.1214817 .
Links
- Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Regarding Nuclear Agreement with Iran (en)
- Iran may be researching nuclear warhead, claims watchdog // The Guardian , 8 Nov 2011
- Nuclear deal: Netanyahu accuses Iran of cheating on agreement // The Guardian , 30 Apr 2018