Erythema

All erythema are divided into active and passive. Active erythema is a hallmark of an acute inflammatory process. Such erythema is bright in color and is often accompanied by the appearance of puffiness of the skin, soreness or itching at the site of inflammation, as well as a local increase in temperature (hyperemic skin area is hot to the touch).

The development of active erythema is associated with a sharp expansion of arterial vessels and a temporary increase in blood flow at the site of inflammation.

The occurrence of passive erythema is due to stagnation of blood (stasis) in the dilated venous vessels. In this regard, the skin over passive erythema becomes cyanotic red, burgundy or cyanotic.

The development of passive erythema is characteristic of chronic inflammatory processes

The reasons for the development of erythema are divided into physiological and pathological. Physiological erythema is always active and is a short-term skin reaction to exogenous or endogenous exposure.

Physiological erythema can be caused by:

• massage , flogging or any other physical effect;

• certain substances and preparations acting externally or internally within the physiological dose range;
• insolation and, accordingly, precedes tanning ;
• reflexively , as a reaction to feelings of shame or anger , as well as orgasm , or as a reaction to suggestion in hypnosis .

Pathological erythema is a symptom of a disease or can act as an independent pathology (erythema Bietta, Chamera, Darier, etc.).

Pathological erythema can be caused by:

• infectious diseases ;
• thermal, chemical, or radiation burns to the skin;
• allergies
• autoimmune disease, etc.

Diagnosis of erythema is carried out by a dermatologist, according to indications, consultation with an infectious disease specialist is prescribed.

For laboratory diagnostics use:

• skin scrapings;
• allergy tests;
• examination of exudate from pustules;
• immunological and serological studies.

• Bloom congenital telangiectatic erythema
• Congenital erythema of the palms; hereditary erythema of the palms and soles, erythema palmare et plantare hereditarium - Lane's disease.
• Congenital erythema teleangiectatic
• Infectious erythema ^{[en] *} (or en: fifth disease)
• Ring-shaped rheumatic erythema
• Migratory erythema of Aphselius-Lipschutz
• Exudative erythema multiforme
• Symptomatic (emotional) erythema
• Scarlet fever desquamative erythema
• Persistent dyschromic erythema (Persistent ashy dermatosis of Ramirez)
• Toxic erythema of the newborn
• Erythema ultraviolet
• Cold erythema
• Erythema towering persistent
• Erythema sinuous creeping gammela
• Erythema annular centrifugal Daria
• Erythema palms acquired
• Erythema radiation erythema radiale
• Chronic erythema migrans
• Erythema miliana
• Erythema edged
• Erythema creeping - Erythema migrans, erisipeloid
• Solar erythema erythema solare - erythema that occurs on insolated skin.
• Thermal erythema
• Erythema toxic
• Erythema nodosum
• Erythema fixed
• Erythema chamera

Symptomatic (emotive) erythema

Symptomatic erythema belongs to the group of the most common erythema. The main manifestation of erythema is a pronounced reddening of the skin (most often the skin of the face, neck and upper chest) against the background of the influence of vivid emotions, stress, anger, etc.

Redness of the skin is caused by the temporary expansion of the skin vessels.

Erythema ultraviolet

This type of erythema is a vascular reaction of the skin to ultraviolet radiation.

Immediate ultraviolet erythema occurs immediately after irradiation with ultraviolet light and disappears within half an hour after the cessation of the provoking factor.

Immediate erythema occurs as a result of thermal exposure to the skin.

Late erythema develops within 3-7 hours after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The maximum severity of erythema is recorded within a day after exposure to a provoking factor.

Late erythema develop as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin vessels.

With intense irradiation at the site of erythema, edema, peeling, skin soreness, blisters filled with serous contents, etc. can be noted.

Cold erythema

This type of erythema develops as a result of exposure to low temperatures on the body.

Congenital defects of serotonin metabolism are considered the cause of the development of cold erythema.

Symptoms of cold erythema are manifested by an erythematous rash (without urticarial components), swelling, sometimes itching.

Acquired Palmar Erythema

The main reason for the development of acquired palmar erythema is severe liver disease. In this regard, this type of erythema is also called "hepatic palms."

Also, palmar erythema can develop against the background of polyarthritis, lung diseases, subacute bacterial endocarditis, pregnancy, etc.

Symptoms of erythema are the appearance of a motley finely spotted palm color, a sharp restriction of hyperemia in the hypotenar region and the subsequent spread of erythema to the entire palmar surface.

Erythema can also occur around the nail bed and on the lateral surfaces of the fingers.

Congenital palmar erythema

This type of erythema was described by Lane in 1929. Congenital palmar erythema develop as a result of the expansion of capillary anastomoses.

It is characterized by bright red staining of the skin of the palms and, sometimes, the soles. The disease is hereditary.

Toxic erythema of the newborn

Moderately expressed neonatal erythema occurs in approximately 50% of newborns. The nature of the disease is unknown. Patients have marked eosinophilia, however, at the moment, it has not been possible to detect allergens or an infectious agent.

Most often, symptoms of erythema appear 1-2 days after birth. The disease is accompanied by the appearance of multiple spots on the skin of the chest and abdomen. To a lesser extent, the skin of the face, shoulders and hips is affected.

After 1-2 days, the spots spontaneously disappear.

In rare cases, the development of periorbital edema, urticarial, papular or pustular rash is noted.

Scarlet fever desquamative erythema

This disease is accompanied by the development of erythematous-desquamative rashes against the background of the effect on the body of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins (less commonly, drugs).

The course of the disease is benign, the prognosis is favorable.

The onset of the disease is acute. The appearance of headaches, nausea, febrile and intoxication symptoms. The rash with scarlet fever desquamative erythema is bright red, generalized. Rashes are accompanied by burning and itching.

After a few days, the rash disappears, but there remains a pronounced pityriasis peeling, most noticeable on the feet and palms.

In rare cases, the development of alopecia, bronchitis, enteritis, arthritis, etc. is noted.

Bloom's Congenital Telangiectatic Erythema

This type of erythema is hereditary (autosomal recessive inheritance). Men get sick more often than women.

The disease is manifested by dwarf growth and specific erythema of the face. The first signs of Bloom erythema are observed in infancy or early childhood and clinically resemble the debut of lupus erythematosus.

Erythematous spots and plaques affect the skin of the nose and cheeks, resembling a butterfly. In rare cases, the skin of the eyelids, forehead, ears, hands, etc. is affected.

Affected skin peels off, under the influence of insolation, the formation of blisters and crusts is noted.

Ring-shaped centrifugal erythema Daria

This type of erythema is also called "persistent erythema", "curly persistent erythema", "arched persistent erythema", etc.

The exact cause of the disease is unknown. The connection between erythema and fungal infection of the feet, carcinomas, candidiasis, dysproteinemia, allergies to drugs, immune disorders, etc. is noted.

The course of the disease is chronic. The debut is most often celebrated at a young age.

The first symptom of Daria erythema is the appearance of small pinkish nodules, which slowly increase and lead to the formation of a ring-shaped depression in the center.

Due to the uneven increase in the nodule, it often acquires an arched shape.

The foci are multiple and itchy. The edges of erythema are smooth or slightly flaky. In rare cases, small vesicles are noted along the edge of erythema.

Most often, the skin of the trunk and legs is affected. The skin of the hands and face is less commonly affected.

Treatment depends on the underlying disease.

Treatment of cold, thermal, ultraviolet, etc. erythema is symptomatic. It is also mandatory to exclude the effects of a provoking factor.

• Tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease) ^[1]
• Erysipelas

• Inflammation
• Erysipelas (disease)
• Radiotherapy
• A tan

• Ostrovsky V.M. ,. Erythema // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• https://lifetab.ru/eritema-foto-simptomyi-i-lechenie-chto-eto-takoe-vidyi-kod-mkb-10/
• Brief national guide to dermatovenerology under the guidance of Yu.S. Butova, Yu.K. Skripkina, O.L. Ivanova