Anatoly Matveyevich Zyukov ( December 1, 1886 , Poltava - December 13, 1953 , Kiev ) - Ukrainian Soviet therapist , infectious disease specialist , doctor of medical sciences (1927), professor (1928).
| Anatoly Matveevich Zyukov | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | December 1, 1886 |
| Place of Birth | Poltava , Poltava province , Russia |
| Date of death | December 13, 1953 (67 years old) |
| Place of death | Kiev , Ukrainian SSR , USSR |
| A country |  Russian Empire ,  the USSR |
| Scientific field | infectious diseases |
| Place of work | Kiev Medical Institute |
| Alma mater | University of St. Vladimir |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Medical Sciences (1927) |
| Academic rank | professor (1928) |
| supervisor | Feofil Gavrilovich Yanovsky |
| Famous students | professors G.I. Khomenko , B.Ya. Padalka , B.M. Shchepotin, A.S. Sokol |
| Known as | The first head of the department of infectious diseases of the Kiev Medical Institute |
Biography
Born December 1, 1886 in Poltava in the family of a mechanical engineer and a housewife. He graduated from the medical faculty of the University of St. Vladimir with the title of “doctor with honors”. In 1912, A.M. Zyukov began working in the clinic of medical diagnostics, but in 1914 he was mobilized in the army, where he held the post of junior doctor of the infantry regiment. During the fighting, he suffered from a severe form of typhoid fever . At the forefront, I realized the importance of infectious pathology , which directly influenced the consequences of hostilities - in the structure of sanitary losses, infectious diseases prevailed over combat ones.
In 1918 he returned to Kiev and began working as a resident in the therapeutic university clinic . A student of academician F.G. Yanovsky . A.M. Zyukov worked at this clinic for a long time on the problem of renal pathology and became famous thanks to his studies on kidney damage in the flu during the Spanish pandemic , which killed at least 50 million people in the world.
In 1924, A. M. Zyukov, a senior assistant at the faculty clinic under the direction of F. G. Yanovsky, received a course in the private assistant professor of metabolic diseases. In 1927 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “Exchange of water in the body”, which was published in a separate monograph as a valuable contribution to medical science. On the recommendation of F. G. Yanovsky, the administration of the Kiev Medical Institute appointed Anatoly Matveyevich in 1927 to the post of head of the department of infectious diseases. " After the death of the teacher A.M. Zyukov, simultaneously with the department of infectious diseases, headed the department of medical diagnostics during the 1928/29 academic year. Yanovsky also bequeathed to the student half of his apartment at 13/26 on Yaroslavov Val Street .
In 1927 - 1953 - Anatoly Matveyevich headed the department of infectious diseases of the Kiev Medical Institute , at the same time in 1930 - 1935 he was the scientific director of the Kiev Institute of Tuberculosis and the Institute for the Protection of Maternal and Child Health, in 1934 - 1941 he headed the department of infectious diseases of the Kiev Institute for Advanced Medical Studies , and also was a consultant to the clinical base of the Institute of Experimental Biology and Pathology, which in those years was led by Alexander Alexandrovich Bogomolets .
A. M. Zyukov had extensive experience as a general practitioner, received excellent training in internal medicine, and therefore, with competence, he provided the multifaceted activity of an infectious disease scientist. At that time, under his leadership and with direct participation, they introduced innovative methods for the treatment of infectious diseases with specific serums, bacteriophages , proposed a scientifically based method for treating scarlet fever , shigellosis (then called dysentery ) and typhoid fever using donor blood (hemotherapy). By the way, to his pupil Grigory Khomenko for his work “Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery” submitted for defense, the Academic Council immediately awarded the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences, bypassing the Ph.D. In 1939, long before the discovery of serotypes of the influenza virus and other ARVI pathogens, A.M. Zyukov published a reasonable assumption about the possibility of the existence of different viruses that can cause influenza and the presence of other pathogens that can cause flu-like diseases. The works of A. M. Zyukov of that period were also devoted to the treatment of infectious diseases, the study of shock , flu, rubella , tuberculosis, the use of ACS (antireticular cytotoxic serum) in the treatment of infectious diseases.
During the German occupation, he was forced to work in Kiev at the so-called Polymedicum Medical Institute, in which the vast majority of professors and teachers who remained in the city were involved in teaching. At the end of December 1941 A.M. Zyukov moved from the department of infectious diseases to the department of propaedeutic therapy. The October Revolution Hospital, temporarily called the First City Clinical Hospital, continued to operate during the German invasion. In his memoirs, Anatoly Matveevich Zyukov wrote:
| “The beautiful and comfortable clinic now looked miserable: a winter cold penetrated the chambers through plywood windows, shaking the dim flame of the smokehouse; the frozen taps had long ceased to give water, and the cloakroom overflowing with sewage emitted an unbearable stench. The walls of the once elegant premises themselves were covered with dirty drops of fumes, and seemed to cry about their fate. On beds cowering from the cold, with trousers or a jacket under their heads, Soviet prisoners of war were moaning in typhoid delirium. Amid this darkness, stench, and cold, in dirty robes pulled over fur coats and coats, the clinic staff moved like shadows. They were hungry, morally tormented, barely able to stand on their feet, contracted typhus, but honestly carried out their duty and did not leave their post. Nobody cared about the nutrition of patients. The German command ordered only water to be released into the hospital, but there was not enough of it either. Sometimes some snow-covered female figures appeared at the door, they brought children's sledges littered with rags - from here came buckets full of hot millet soup with potatoes. It was a tribute to the mercy of Priorki and Kurenevka, a tribute to unknown patriots, the only way to feed the sick at least somehow ” |
Immediately after the liberation of Kiev from German troops, the medical institute returned and on December 13, 1943, resumed studies. From the first day of the opening of the medical institute A.M. Zyukov was appointed the head of 2 departments at once - faculty therapy and propaedeutic therapy. Only in October 1944 he again headed his own department of infectious diseases, which he led until his death.
Immediately after the liberation of the city A.M. Zyukov, as a medical expert, was a member of the commission for identifying and investigating the crimes of the Nazi invaders, headed by N.S. Khrushchev . Together with the famous academicians P. G. Tychina , M. F. Rylsky , professors Ya. I. Pivovonsky, Yu. Yu. Kramarenko, N. A. Shepelevsky A. M. Zyukov worked in Babi Yar , Darnitsa , Syretsky concentration camp and other mass graves of Nazi tortured citizens.
The high authority of A.M. Zyukov as a scientist, clinician and teacher was also in that he was the chairman of the teaching and methodological committee of the Kiev Medical Institute , the deputy chairman of the epidemiological section of the Scientific Council of the NKZO of Ukraine, the deputy chairman of the Kiev branch of the Union of Microbiologists, Epidemiologists and Infectious Diseases, was one of the founders of the research institute of infectious diseases of the USSR Ministry of Health, which was created in Kiev in the first post-war years. By the way, this was the first institute in the USSR in this area of medicine. Anatoly Matveevich and employees of the Department of Infectious Diseases KMI for some time worked part-time at this institute. So, in the years 1949-1950. Zyukov was the head of the II clinical department, and from November 1950 until the end of 1951 he served as deputy director for the scientific part of the Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, was the scientific director of the departments that developed the problems of respiratory diseases and typhoid fever.
Anatoly Matveevich was an excellent lecturer, employees of other departments and non-infectious doctors came to listen to his lectures very often. Outwardly similar, thanks to his mustache, to the musketeer Anatoly Matveyevich and his lecture he proclaimed as a fencing, always aptly at the target. The famous neuropathologist, professor Nikita Borisovich Mankovsky recalled:
| “Lectures on infectious diseases by Professor A. M. Zyukov are also memorable. Perhaps, I never heard such a brilliant lecturer. Anatoly Matveyevich conveyed his thoughts to the audience without any introductory, introductory remarks, each lecture, in fact, was a monograph on a particular pathology or other clinical issue, for example, immunity. ” |
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At the end of 1953, Zyukov became seriously ill and was forced to stop lecturing. December 13, 1953 as a result of another myocardial infarction A. M. Zyukov passed away. He was buried in the Bike cemetery .
Scientific activity
The author of 68 scientific papers on the pathogenesis of the most common infectious diseases and the development of methods of pathogenetic therapy. Among them:
- Before meals about the value of cool nirki in ethiologic nirkowitz // Ukrainian Medical News. - 1925, No. 1;
- Gostrі іninfektsіynі twigs and helmіntozy people. - Kyiv, 1941 (with sponsorship of B. Ya. Padalkoy) (revisions in 1951 p.);
- Infectious diseases: A textbook for nurses. - 2nd ed. - 1947. (Russian)
- "Intestine intestines." 1938, Kiev;
- "Scarlet fever", 1939, Kiev;
- "Gripe", 1939. Kiev;
- "Parasitic typhus", 1948, Kiev;
Prepared 10 candidates and 3 doctors of sciences.
Notes
- ↑ Nikita Borisovich Mankovsky / Country of Doctors . medstrana.com. Date of appeal April 29, 2018.