Ismail Kerimovich Firdevs (real name is Kerimdzhanov) ( Crimean-Tat. İsmail Kerim oğlu Kerimcanov, Ismail Kerim oglu Kerimdzhanov ) ( December 2, 1888 , Simferopol - October 27, 1937 , Sandormokh ) - a teacher, after the Bolsheviks, he was the leader of the Revolution in October, . One of the main fighters for the establishment of Soviet power in the Crimea. He was repressed and shot in 1937.
| Ismail Kerimovich Firdevs | |
|---|---|
| Crimean Tat. İsmail Kerim oğlu Kerimcanov Ismail Kerim oglu Karimjanov | |
 | |
| Birth name | Ismail Kerimovich Kerimjanov |
| Date of Birth | December 2, 1888 |
| Place of Birth | Simferopol , Tauride Province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | October 27, 1937 (48 years old) |
| Place of death | Sandarmokh , Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire  the USSR |
| Occupation | politician |
| The consignment | VKP (b) |
Biography
Born in Simferopol in the family of a small trader. At the age of 7, he remained an orphan. [1] In 1906 he graduated with honors from the Simferopol Tatar Teacher’s School [2] . He worked as a teacher in Alushta [1] , Simferopol School-Rushdie [1] , Outka [3] .
Kerimdzhanov spoke German, French, Turkish, partly Italian and Latin [3] , which was why he was very popular among the famous countesses and princesses (Orlovs, Davydovs, Pisarevs, etc.), his presence always resembled paradise, from where it came from nickname Firdevs (in Arabic فردوس - paradise) [1] .
In 1913, he was deprived of the right to teach for criticizing the tsarist government. [2]
From 1917 to 1929 a member of the CPSU (b), the first Bolshevik- Crimean Tatar .
In January 1918, he took an active part in the establishment of Soviet power in the Crimea, in fact becoming an adversary of the Crimean People's Republic and Kurultay. [one]
In 1918 - People's Commissar for Foreign and National Affairs of the Republic of Tauris . [3]
From 1918 to 1920 - Secretary of the Commissariat for Muslim Affairs of Inner Russia (Moscow). [3]
From 1919 to 1920 - Member of the Kazan Provincial Committee of the RCP (b). [2]
From 1920 to 1921 - Head of the Commissariat of Public Education of the Crimean ASSR. [2]
From 1922 to 1924 - and. about. People's Commissar of Justice and the High Prosecutor of the Crimean ASSR . [3]
Then Firdevs retires from leading positions and his career rolls down. Most likely, this was the result of his debate with Stalin at the IV meeting of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) On June 10, 1923 in the case of the arrested Sultan-Galiev , after which the latter was expelled from the party. Unlike most of those present, Firdevs vividly defended his friend. After which, Stalin rebuked him and expressed the opinion that ideologically Firdevs led Sultan-Galiev rather than back . [four]
From 1926 to 1929 - Inspector of the North Caucasus Department of the Narobraz (Rostov-on-Don). [3]
In 1929, expelled from the CPSU (b), arrested in the case of the "Sultan-Galiyev Counter-Revolutionary Nationalist Organization." Accused of committing crimes under Art. 58-4, 58-6, 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Sent to the Solovetsky Islands.
In November-December 1929, before being transferred to the Solovetsky camp, he was in the Kemsky transfer and distribution center in the same cell as Sultan-Galiev and Derain-Ayerly . The latter sharply condemned their past, the comrades did not agree with him. [3]
In 1930, a panel of the Supreme Court sentenced him to death, which was replaced on January 8, 1931 with ten years of hard labor.
In the camp, I.K. Firdevs, M. Kh. Sultan-Galiev, and O.A.Deren-Ayerly continued to communicate and decided, recognizing their political mistakes, to send a statement to the Central Committee. As a result, M.H. Sultan-Galiev was released in 1934, and O.A.Deren-Ayerly was rehabilitated in 1935. [3]
Apparently, due to the fact that Stalin recognized Firdevs as more ideologically dangerous, [4] his sentence was not quashed.
Moreover, on the basis of a certificate from the head of the Solovetsky prison that Firdevs is engaged in campaigning among prisoners, on October 9, 1937, by the decision of a special trio of the NKVD LO, he was sentenced to death a second time.
He was executed on October 27, 1937.
On March 14, 1989, on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 16, 1989, “On Additional Measures to Restore Justice for the Victims of Repressions in the 30s and 40s and in the Early 50s,” he was rehabilitated [3] .
On May 12, 1990, by decision of the Bureau of the Tatar Regional Committee of the CPSU, the party was also rehabilitated [3] .
As part of the delegates of the II All-Russian Congress of Communist Organizations of the Peoples of the East, Moscow, 12/15/1919 (upper row, second from left) | From left to right: M.Kh. Sultan-Galiev, his wife F. Erzin, I.K. Firdevs, 1919 |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Voice of Crimea. The influence of the 1905 revolution on the national liberation movement of the Crimean Tatars
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Voice of Crimea. 11/11/2016. No. 45 (85). Life and activities of the ministers of education of the Crimean ASSR
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gasyrlar Avazy. Scientific and documentary journal. Ishmael Firdevs
- ↑ 1 2 Stalin I.V. Works. - T. 5. - M .: OGIZ; State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1947. - S. 305-306.