Samuel Dashill Hammett ( born Samuel Dashiell Hammett , May 27, 1894 - January 10, 1961 ), an American writer and critic , author of the classic detective novels , stories and short stories . One of the founders, along with R. Chandler and D. M. Kane , the genre of "cool detective . " Sometimes Hammett is also called one of the founders of the noir subgenre.
Dashill Hammett | |
---|---|
Dashiell hammett | |
Date of Birth | |
Place of Birth | St Mary, Maryland , USA |
Date of death | |
Place of death | New York , NY , USA |
Citizenship (citizenship) | |
Occupation | prose writer , screenwriter , literary critic , journalist |
Years of creativity | 1929-1951 |
Genre | detective |
Language of Works | English |
Content
Biography
He was born in the county of St. Mary ( Maryland , USA), spent his childhood in Philadelphia and Baltimore . From 1915 to 1921 (with a break during the war) he worked as a private detective in the Pinkerton detective agency in the city of Butte (Montana) . During World War I entered the service, but fell ill with tuberculosis and led the war in the hospital. In 1921, he married a nurse, Josephine Nolan, the same year, a daughter, Mary Jane, was born. But in 1926, shortly after the birth of her second daughter Josephine, Hammett left the family and began a literary career.
Hammett published his first novel, The Blood Harvest, in 1929. The fifth and last novel, The Thin Man, was published in 1934, after which Hammett was engaged only in social activities. In 1931, his 30-year-old affair began with his colleague and writer Lillian Hellman , under whose influence Hemet, whose novel Bloody Harvest was already considered marked by the influence of Marxism , was even more politicized. He participates in campaigns of solidarity with the Spanish Republicans during the years of the civil war , arranging fundraising for them along with Hemingway and Dos Passos . Hammett’s leftist and anti-fascist sympathies led to his entry into the US Communist Party in 1937. In a number of pro-communist organizations held high posts; He was elected chairman of the League of American Writers (1940) and the Congress on Civil Rights (1946).
In 1942, after Pearl Harbor , Hammett again enters the army and spends much of World War II as a sergeant in the Aleutian Islands , editing the combat newspaper The Adakian .
Beginning in 1940, Hammett was under the constant supervision of the FBI , who collected a 278-page dossier on him. In 1946-1947 He chaired the New York Civil Rights Congress, which in 1947 was listed by the Attorney General on the list of subversive organizations. In the wake of the same anti-communist campaign, Hammett became a figure in the Black List of Hollywood . In the era of the McCarthy "witch hunt" in 1951, he was accused of anti-American propaganda for actively expressing sympathy for the Communist Party and spent 6 months in prison for refusing the Fifth Amendment to name the names of comrades in communist activities (including those who financed communist organizations) and confirm your signature on the documents.
Behind the bars, the Hollywood number one dude, who did not leave home without white gloves and a cane, a fighter and ex-agent Pinkerton, cleaned the toilets, but, according to Houston's testimony, “I felt completely happy” [4] .
The last years of life Hammett passed in poverty. Hammett died in New York from lung cancer and, as a veteran of two wars, is buried at Arlington Memorial Cemetery .
Creativity
In 1923, the first story about an employee of the detective agency Continental appeared in the pulp magazine Black Mask. Hammett did not give him the name, and he went down to literary history as an employee of the Continental agency ( English Continental Op , “Operative” also appears in a number of translations). The prototype of "Continental" was the Pinkerton agency. The operative pro cycle includes more than twenty stories, in 1929 some were merged into novels: “Bloody harvest” and “Curse of Deins”.
In 1930, Hammett published his most famous novel, The Maltese Falcon. The protagonist of the novel - a private investigator Sam Spade . In 1932, Hammett made Spade the hero of three more stories. His best novel Hammett called "Glass Key" (1931). After the novel "Thin Man" Hammett writes only scripts for radio and film.
Raymond Chandler described Hammett’s prose as follows:
From the first (and to the last) steps of his writing career he wrote about energetic and aggressive people. They are not afraid of the wrong side of life, they, in fact, only used to see it. They are not upset by the rampant violence - they are old acquaintances with him. <...> He depicted these people as they were in reality, and endowed them with a lively speech that was peculiar to them. Hemette was a great stylist, but his readers didn’t have any idea about this, since he did not express himself in the way that they were supposed to be a fine stylist.
Bibliography
Novels
- Bloody Harvest ( Eng. Red Harvest , 1929)
- Curse of the Deins ( eng. The Dain Curse , 1929)
- Maltese Falcon ( English The Maltese Falcon , 1930)
- Glass key ( eng. The Glass Key , 1931)
- Thin ( English The Thin Man , 1934)
Tale
- Big Raid ( The Big Knockover )
- 106 thousand for head
Collections of short stories and short stories
- "106 thousand for the head" \ Blood money. Big raid \ - 1943
- "The Adventures of Sam Spade" and other stories \ Hang up can only once. The man whose name is Spade - 1944
- “An operative from Continental” - 1945
- "The Kills of Deshil Hammett" - 1946
- "Dead jealous" - 1946
- "Nightmare City" - 1948
- "Fit Siamese" - 1950
- "Woman in Darkness" - 1951
- "The man nicknamed Slim" - 1962
- "Roads home" - a story not included in the collections
Scenarios
- "Guard on the Rhine" 1943 in the collection "The best scenarios 43-44"
Screenshots
- 1931 - City streets . Hammett wrote a story specifically for the film.
- 1931 - Maltese Falcon
- 1934 - Thin
- 1935 - Glass key
- 1936 - Satan meets the lady
- 1936 - After the Skinny (not a film adaptation, the continuation of the “Thin Man”, as well as a number of films from the same series; Hammett acted simply as the creator of the main characters).
- 1941 - Maltese Falcon
- 1942 - Glass key
- 1961 - The Bodyguard . The plot of the film is an adaptation of two novels by Hammett: "Glass Key" and "Bloody Harvest."
- 1964 - For a handful of dollars - a remake of "The Bodyguard ", the adaptation is unlikely to be considered, but the plot is the idea of D. Hemmet.
- 1978 - The Curse of the Danes (mini-series)
- 1985 - Svor (USSR; according to the novel “The Glass Key”)
- 1990 - Miller Crossroad . Although the film is based on the original script of the Cohen brothers , a number of plot moves are also borrowed from the novels The Glass Key and The Bloody Harvest.
- 1995 - The Fallen Angels (television series). Season 2, episode "Flycatcher".
- 1996 - Single Hero . The film is a remake of " Bodyguard ", but can also be considered a free version of the film "based on".
- 2002 - House on Turkish Street
Memory
In 1977, Lilian Hellman ’s autobiographical novel Pentimento was filmed by director Fred Zinnemann , in which, in particular, the writer's relationship with Hemet was reflected. The film "Julia" received 3 Academy Awards.
In 1982, Wim Wenders ' Hammett was released , based on the fictional biography of Dashil Hammett. The film participated in the 1982 Cannes Film Festival .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ M. Trofimenkov . Red Book. Hollywood at McCarthyism: Overseers, victims, fellow travelers
Links
- Deshil Hammett in the library of Maxim Moshkov
- Bibliography
- Bibliography of translations into Russian
- Raymond Chandler, “The Simple Art of Killing”