Konstantin Iosifovich Gringauz (1918-1993) - Soviet and Russian scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize and State Prize of the USSR .
| Konstantin Iosifovich Gringauz | |
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| Date of Birth | July 5, 1918 |
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| Date of death | June 10, 1993 ( 74) |
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| Scientific field | cosmophysics |
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Born July 5, 1918 in Tula in the family of a pharmacist .
He graduated from school in Samara (1935), where their family lived since 1921, and entered the Electrophysical Department of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute . In 1941, received a diploma in radio engineering.
He worked as an engineer at a tank factory in Siberia . In 1944 he was sent to the 1st Ukrainian Front as part of a commission that studied the operation of tank radio communications in combat conditions.
From January 1945 he studied at graduate school , in 1949 he defended his thesis on the influence of the ionosphere on the propagation of radio waves .
In 1949-1959, a researcher at the Research Institute No. 885 of the Ministry of Communications Industry of the USSR (now - FSUE "NPTSAP" ), since 1950 the head. radio technology laboratory. He took part in the launch of the first geophysical rockets with radiosonde devices for studying the ionosphere ( Kapustin Yar test site ).
Since 1956, he led the development of instruments for studying the ionic component of the Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the development of a transmitter and antenna for the world's first artificial Earth satellite . The equipment created in his laboratory successfully worked at the automatic stations Luna-1 (January 1959), Luna-2 (September 1959), and Luna-3 (October 1959), as well as at the interplanetary automatic station " Venus 1 "(February 1961).
Since 1959, he worked at the Radiotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences , headed the department, which consisted of three laboratories, at the same time led one of them - the interplanetary plasma laboratory. The equipment created under his leadership on Martian artificial satellites made it possible to detect the magnetosphere of Mars , resembling the Earth's magnetosphere with its long plume and plasma layer.
On July 1, 1971, the Greening Division was transferred from the Radio Engineering Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences to the Space Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences and transformed into the Laboratory of Interplanetary and Near-Planetary Plasma.
In collaboration with colleagues, he made two scientific discoveries: the plasma shell of the Earth and the zone of soft electrons outside the radiation belts.
Author and co-author of numerous scientific papers, reports and lectures at international and domestic symposia and conferences.
In 1970 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physics and Mathematics and the academic title of professor .
Rewards
- By a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 21, 1961, the 1960 Lenin Prize was awarded to the scientific team for the creation of scientific instruments for the first artificial Earth satellites and interplanetary spacecraft.
- By a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 5, 1987, "For the creation of the scientific complex of the Vega project for the research of Comet Halley, the USSR State Prize was awarded for 1986 as part of a scientific team.
- In 1992, at the Assembly in Helsinki, he was awarded the COSPAR International Medal of the International Space Research Committee “For Outstanding Contribution to Space Research”.
- He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and six medals.
He died on June 10, 1993. He was buried at Vvedensky cemetery .