Pacific typhoon season 2018

Throughout the year, several national weather services and academic institutions predict how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms and typhoons will form during the season and / or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk Consortium (TSR) of University College London , the Philippine Office of Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services (PAGASA) and Taiwan Central Weather Bureau . The Hong Kong Observatory and the Vietnam National Center for Hydrometeorological Forecasts (VNCHMF) also issue regional forecasts.

The first forecast for the 2018 season was released by PAGASA on January 15 and covered the first half of the year ^[1] , in which the Philippine forecasting team suggested that from January to March one to three tropical cyclones will appear (in fact, two have arisen), and from April to June through the Vietnamese zone of responsibility will pass from two to four tropical cyclones ^[1] (as of mid-April, one cyclone passed through it). The same team suggested that La Niña would be short this year and would dissipate between February and April ^[1] .

On March 21, VNCHMF issued a forecast, which assumes that in the season 2018 from 12 to 13 tropical cyclones will affect Vietnam, which is higher than the average multi-annual values ^[2] . On March 23, the Hong Kong Observatory published its forecast, which suggested that five to eight cyclones would pass over a year less than 500 km from the city, which corresponds to long-term average values. It is separately noted that the first tropical cyclone affecting the city itself is expected in June or May ^[3] . On May 11, TSR released its first forecast for the season, expecting 27 storms with their own names, 17 typhoons and 9 strong typhoons ^[4] .

The season of 2018 continued the season of last year without a break - the tropical depression, which later turned into a Bolaven storm (Agaton according to the PAGASA classification), arose at the end of December 2017, but was already developed in 2018 ^[5] . A month later, a tropical storm Samba (Basyang) hit the southern Philippines ^[6] , and in the middle of March in the open ocean the first typhoon of the season Jelawat was formed, which, despite its strength (unofficially received the status of super typhoon), did not bring any casualties and destruction, because he passed his life cycle in the open ocean away from the inhabited territories ^[7] .

Tropical Storm Bolaven (Agathon)

An area of ​​low pressure developed into a tropical depression north-east of Palau in the early morning of December 30, 2017 ^[8] . The cyclone shifted westward and on January 1, 2018, PAGASA began to make recommendations about the system and named it Agaton ^[9] . JMA and JTWC followed the example of PAGASA, and on the same day, JTWC assigned depression 01W to the depression ^[10] . It is due to the fact that all designations were assigned to the system already in 2018, and also due to the fact that the storm caused all the damage as well in 2018, it was assigned to this season, despite the fact that it was formally formed in 2017 and should have been attributed to the season of last year . By January 3, the cyclone had intensified to a tropical storm and received the name Bolaven from JMA, becoming the first two-name storm of the season. A few hours later, the storm weakened and collapsed east of Vietnam on January 4 ^[11] .

The impact of the storm was moderate compared to the two previous cyclones Kai- tak and Tombin . From press reports, only two thousand people are known who were forced to expect better weather in the ports of the Visayas ^[12] ; no other traffic violations were reported in the countries of the region. The storm killed three people and caused damage to 554 million Philippine pesos. ^[13]

Tropical Storm Sanba (Basiang)

On February 8, the low-pressure area turned into a tropical depression located north of Truk, Federated States of Micronesia . The cyclone slowly intensified, and by the eleventh of February reached the power of a tropical storm, after which it received the international name Sanba from JMA. Almost immediately after this, the storm entered the Philippine zone of responsibility and received the regional name Basiang from PAGASA ^[14] . On February ¹³ , a storm hit landfall on Bohol , Philippines ^[15], already weakening to a tropical depression. The next day, the cyclone weakened to a tropical minimum, re-entering land in the province of South Surigao , Mindanao Island, Philippines ^[16] .

About 17,000 people were affected by the storm, and 14 were killed. Economic damage was estimated at 168 million Philippine pesos. ^[17]

Typhoon Jelawat (Kaloy)

On March 24, a tropical depression formed ^[18] south of the Mariana Islands , which received the designation 03W from the JTWC ^[19] . The next day, the cyclone intensified to a tropical storm and received the name Jelavat from JMA ^[20] , and by 18 o’clock on March 28 it intensified to a severe tropical storm ^[21] . Late in the evening of March 29, an eye began to form in the central part of the cyclone and at midnight on March 30, JMA raised the status of the system to a typhoon ^[22] . Over the next 12 hours, the typhoon experienced the effect of explosive intensification As a result, during this short time, the typhoon reached the fourth category, becoming the first super typhoon ^{[23] of the} season with a 10-minute averaged wind speed of 175 km / h, a wind speed averaged over 1 minute at 240 km / h and a minimum pressure of 935 hPa . Because of typhoon Jelawat, the tests of a Chinese unmanned submarine were postponed ^[24] , no casualties and damage were reported, the cyclone passed away from land ^[7] .

Tropical Depression 04W

On May 10, the low-pressure area east of the Mariana Islands was given the status of tropical depression ^[25] , almost at the same time the JTWC issued a warning about the formation of a tropical cyclone ^[26] . For several days, depression moved through the uninhabited areas of the Pacific Ocean, after which it began to weaken and collapse. The final JWTC message was released on May 14 ^[27] , and the cyclone completely collapsed the next day. There were no reports of casualties or destruction.

Tropical Storm Evinar

On May 2, a tropical depression formed over the South China Sea ^[28] . Passing along the coast of Vietnam, she headed towards Hainan Island ^[29] , the passage of a cyclone over the northeastern part of which is expected on the night of June 5-6 ^[30] . After that, the storm left on the coast of mainland China and again returned to Hainan Island, having already completed the third land access ^[31] . The cyclone caused heavy rains in the region, so in the east of the island 218 mm of precipitation fell, and from Tuesday to Friday in the northern part of the island more than half a meter of rain can fall. In the coastal part of the island, rail service was canceled, traffic on roads ^{[32] was} very difficult, and dozens of flights were canceled ^[31] . The storm caused damage of 3.67 billion yuan (537 million US dollars) and killed 8 people in China ^[33] .

Cruel Tropical Storm Malixi (Domen)

An area of ​​low pressure developed over the Philippine Sea for several days, until on June 4 it intensified to tropical depression ^[34] . Since the cyclone is located within the Philippine Responsibility Zone (FZO), immediately after reaching the required wind speed it received the name Domeng ^[34] , on the same day JTWS issued a warning about the formation of a tropical cyclone ^[35] . On June 5, the cyclone absorbed a minor tropical depression ^[35] , which a day earlier appeared near Yap Island ^[36] . As a result of heavy rains caused by a cyclone in the Philippines, two people died ^[37] . On June 10, it was announced that the cyclone intensified to a typhoon ^[38] , but later this message was disavowed ^[39] and finally the cyclone was assessed as a fierce tropical storm that left the FZO on June 10 ^[37] and turned into an extratropical cyclone in the late evening of June 11 ^[40] . Malixi caused significant rainfall in Japan, but no casualties or significant damage were reported ^[38] .

Tropical Storm 07W

T. n. The “area of ​​indignant weather” was formed on June 12 as part of an almost stationary atmospheric front that arises in the region during the summer. The next day, the cyclone matured to a tropical depression and headed towards the Yaeyama Islands, at about the same time the JTWC began to issue recommendations on this system ^[41] . The cyclone intensified before the tropical storm on June 14, but the JMA still considered it a disturbance built into the stationary front. The storm passed along the coast of Japan and dissipated in the open ocean. The storm was expected to affect the US base on Okinawa, but the cyclone passed by ^[42] . No casualties or damage were reported.

Gaimi Tropical Storm (Esther)

On the afternoon of July 14, after two days of development as a low-pressure zone, a tropical depression formed in the Philippine zone of responsibility (FZO), which received the international designation 08W and the local name Ester ^[43] . The cyclone forms powerful precipitation in the Philippines and slowly shifts to the northeast ^[44] . The formation of depression intensified the monsoon ^[45] , which had previously actively flooded the country with rains ^[46] , so new floods and landslides should be expected in the near future ^[44] . The cyclone left the FZO on June 15 and headed north-east ^[47] , and, passing along the coast of Japan, on June 16 went beyond the scope of this article, becoming an extratropical cyclone. It finally dissipated away from the populated regions in the status of extratropical depression on June 18 ^[48] . A storm killed two and injured three more people in the Philippines ^[49] , with no casualties reported in other regions. During the passage along the coast of Japan, the cyclone caused heavy rains, in many cities long-term precipitation records were updated ^[50] , mudflows and landslides descended in the mountains.

Typhoon Prapirun (Florita)

On June 28, the low pressure zone east of Okinotori atoll formed into a tropical depression ^[51] , the next day the cyclone intensified to a tropical storm ^[52] , July 1 to a severe tropical storm ^[53] , and July 2 to a typhoon. The storm caused an increase in monsoon rainfall in the region, especially Luzon Island ^[53] , especially storms and precipitation were noted in Taiwan ^{[54]. A} cyclone killed one person ^[55] and seriously damaged the ruins of a medieval castle in Japan, which is UNESCO World Heritage Site ^[56] .

Typhoon Maria (Gardo)

On July 3, a tropical depression formed in the Pacific ^[57] , which was rapidly gaining momentum - the next day it intensified to a tropical storm ^[58] , which was named Maria, by the morning of July 5 - to a severe tropical storm ^[59] , and by the evening of that on the same day, he left the FSO and intensified to a typhoon ^[60] . On July 9, the cyclone's eye replaced the storm, and its strength became equivalent to the fifth category hurricane. A typhoon went to land on the night of June 11 in the Chinese province of Fujian ^[61] and collapsed the next day.

Maria caused damage to the region of $ 630 million: 623 million amounted to damage to East China ^[62] , $ 7.69 million to Okinawa ^[63] and $ 150 thousand to Guam ^[64] , a hurricane also killed 11 people in Japan ^[65] .

Shontin Tropical Storm (Henry)

On July 15, north of Manila, the low-pressure area turned into a tropical depression. Since the cyclone was in the area of ​​responsibility of the PAGASA agency, he immediately received the name Henry ^[66] , and the JTWC gave him the international designation 11W ^[67] . Two days later, the cyclone intensified to a tropical storm and received the name Shontin from JMA ^[68] . On July 18, a storm passed through Hainan Island, while it didn’t weaken ^[69] , then it somewhat intensified over the warm waters of Bakbo Bay ^[70] and went on land in North Vietnam ^[71] . The storm quickly weakened over the continent ^{[72] [73]} , but by July 21 its remnants again went to the sea ^[74] , where they began to re-turn into a tropical cyclone ^[75] and by the evening turned into a tropical depression ^[76] . On July 22, the JTWC reported that the cyclone intensified before the tropical storm ^[77] , and the JMA continued to claim that it was a tropical depression ^[78] . July 24, the cyclone collapsed completely ^[79] . Shontin caused massive floods in Vietnam and Laos, and also destroyed the hydropower plant under construction in Attapi (Laos). In the region, 170 people died from the impact of the elements ^[80] , more than a thousand are considered missing, economic damage exceeded $ 255 million ^{[81] [82]} .

Cruel Tropical Storm Ampil (Indy)

On July 17, a mild tropical depression arose in the Philippine Sea. Given favorable conditions and deep convection, the JWTC assigned it the designation 12W on the same day ^[83] , and the next morning PAGASA joined it, giving it the name Indy. By 15 hours on July 18, the cyclone intensified to a tropical storm, which he received Ampil ^[84] , and the next day - intensified to a severe tropical storm ^[85] with a wind of 95 km / h ^[86] . By July 22, the cyclone had weakened to a tropical storm and in this status reached the coast of China ^[87] . The next day, the cyclone weakened to tropical depression ^[88] , and on July 24, it turned into a low-pressure region and finally decayed ^[89] .

Ampil caused heavy downpours in Shandong province, in some places it fell to 237 mm. The cyclone caused damage of $ 241 million and killed one person ^[90] .

Tropical Depression 13W (Josie)

On July 20, the JMA announced that a tropical depression had occurred in the South China Sea. The next day, she entered the PAGASA area of ​​responsibility and received the name Josie. ^[91] The cyclone tried to intensify before a tropical storm, but encountered a strong wind shear ^[92] and began to collapse before going to the coast of China ^[93] . In the evening of July 23, the cyclone was completely destroyed ^[94] .

Fierce Tropical Storm Wukong

Late in the evening of July 21, JWTC began tracking the tropical depression that occurred 600 km east-southeast of Minamitori Island (Japan), and assigned it another number 14W ^[95] . The JMA began to observe this cyclone in the morning of the next day, and towards evening, the JWTC assigned it the status of a tropical storm ^[96] , despite wind shear and some suppression of convection. By 3 p.m. on June 23, the JMA also raised the status of the cyclone and named it Wukong ^[97] . Moving north, the cyclone fell into an area with a weakened wind shear and warm enough water that immediately led to its strengthening - by three in the morning on July 25, JMA raised Wukong to a severe tropical storm, and nine hours later JWTC announced that the storm had turned into a typhoon of the first category ^[98] . The next day, the typhoon turned into an extratropical cyclone and left the scope of the article ^[99] . However, after this moment, the cyclone passed near the coast of the Russian Far East, causing heavy precipitation in the Kuril Islands ^[100] . No casualties or destruction were reported on the territory of Russia or abroad.

Typhoon Jondari

July 19, southeast of Guam, the first prerequisites for the formation of a tropical cyclone arose ^[101] . Two days later, the JWTC announced ^[102] that a tropical depression had formed in the region and began to monitor its development. JMA was more skeptical and announced the formation of tropical depression only in the late evening of July 23 ^[103] . By 21:00 a.m. July 24, both meteorological agencies announced that the cyclone had intensified before the tropical storm and received the name Jondari ^{[104] [105]} , and by noon the next day it had intensified before the severe tropical storm ^[106] and headed north-east ^{[107 ]} . On July 26, the storm intensified to the typhoon ^[108] , despite the vertical wind shear, and on July 27, it turned west and headed towards Japan ^[109] . Two days later, the typhoon went to land near Ise city ​​in Mie Prefecture with a steady wind in 120 km / h and a pressure of 975 hPa ^{[110] [111]} . The cyclone began to rapidly lose strength after passing above the ground and re-entered land near Shanghai in the early morning of August 3 ^[112] , after which it continued to rapidly weaken and collapsed over the territory of China the next day. Jondari caused cumulative damage of $ 1.48 million, but there were no casualties.

Tropical Depression 16W

July 29, 807 km from the Japanese island of Io , signs of the formation of a tropical cyclone appeared ^[113] . Over the next two days, both regional meteorological organizations, JTWC (July 30) and JMA (July 31), recognized ^{[114] [115] the} cyclone as tropical depression, which received the next serial designation 16W. The first predictions suggested that the cyclone intensified before a slight tropical storm ^[116] , but the wind shear prevented it from intensifying ^[117] . The cyclone became subtropical at midnight on August 1, but both agencies tracked it until the complete collapse of August 2 ^[118] .

Typhoon Shanshan

On August 2, tropical depression began to develop east-northeast of Guam. By midnight on August 3, the JWTC officially recognized the cyclone as tropical depression ^[119] , which was designated 17W. During the day, the cyclone intensified to a fierce tropical storm ^[120] , called Shanshan ^[121] . On August 4, the storm intensified to the typhoon and continued moving towards Japan, which passed on the coast of August 8 and headed into the open ocean ^[122] . The typhoon had an impact on the coast of Japan, inflicted damage of 132 thousand dollars to Miyagi Prefecture ^[123] , but did not go on land and managed without casualties ^[124] .

Yagi Tropical Storm (Carding)

Tropical Storm Bebinka

Cruel Tropical Storm Lipi

Tropical Storm Hector

Tropical Storm Rumbia

Typhoon Soulyk

Typhoon Simaron

Tropical Depression 24W (Louis)

Typhoon Jebi (Miriam)

Typhoon Manghut (Ompong)

Tropical Storm Bararijat (Neneng)

Typhoon Trami (Paeng)

Tropical Depression 29W

Typhoon Kong Rei (Queenie)

Typhoon Utah (Rosita)

Fierce Tropical Storm Usagi (Samuel)

Toraji Tropical Storm

Typhoon Man-E (Thomas)

Tropical Depression 35W (Usman)

Other cyclones

A small tropical depression formed on July 17 near Hong Kong and the next day broke up off the coast of Guangdong ^{[125] [126]} . She did not receive an international designation.

In the northwestern Pacific Ocean, two organizations give names to tropical cyclones: the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Office of Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services (PAGASA), as a result of which the same storm can get two names (one from each organizations) ^[127] . On behalf of the World Meteorological Organization, the Tokyo Typhoon Center of the Japanese Meteorological Agency assigns international names to tropical cyclones, in which the wind speed averaged over 10 minutes exceeds 65 km / h ^[128] . PAGASA assigns its names (not matching international ones) to all tropical cyclones passing through its area of ​​responsibility, regardless of whether the cyclone has an international name ^[127] . The names of destructive cyclones are removed from the lists and forever assigned to the corresponding storm ^[128] . If the main list for the Philippine region is exhausted, the missing names will be taken from the auxiliary list published every year. All names are in English, unused names are highlighted in gray .

International Names

A tropical cyclone gets its name provided that the wind speed averaged over 10 minutes is greater than or equal to 65 km / h ^[129]. JMA selected names from a large list of 140 items formed by 14 countries of the World Meteorological Association and its committee on typhoons ^[130] . These 28 names are listed below, as well as an international number next to it, if available.

Names for the Philippine Region

PAGASA uses its own names for cyclones that originate or move through its area of ​​responsibility ^[131] . The list of names for the 2018 season was previously used in the 2014 season , and is planned for reuse in the next 2022 season ^[131] . The names Glenda, Jose, Mario, Ruby and Seniang were removed from the list of the 2014 sample, since the corresponding tropical cyclones caused significant damage and these names will be assigned to them forever. Replaced names this year introduced new ones: Gardo, Josie, Maymay, Rosita and Samuel ^[131] . The primary and secondary list is given below.

This table lists all tropical cyclones that originated or moved in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the date line in 2018. The table summarizes data on the intensity, duration, number of victims and the damage caused. As a rule, generalizing sources (annual reports of emergency services of the Philippines, China, Japan and Vietnam) describe the damage caused before the cyclone becomes non-tropical, therefore the damage caused in Russia or Alaska is not taken into account here and is mentioned in the article about a specific cyclone according to local sources.

• 2018 Atlantic Hurricane Season
• 2018 Pacific Hurricane Season
• 2018 North Indian Tropical Cyclone Season

• Japan Meteorological Agency
• China Meteorological Agency
• Digital Typhoon Project
• Hong Kong Observatory
• Joint Typhoon Warning Center