Kurds in Iran are Iranians of Kurdish nationality, for whom the Kurdish language is native. Kurds are the third largest ethnic group in Iran [1] after ethnic Persians and Iranian Azerbaijanis and make up about 10% of the country's population, according to the CIA [2] [3] [4] .
Territorial distribution
Iranian Kurdistan , or East Kurdistan ( Kurd. Rojhilatê Kurdistanê ) is an unofficial name for the part of the territory of north-western Iran, inhabited by Kurds, bordering Iraq and Turkey [5] . It includes the ostans of Kurdistan , Kermanshah , Western Azerbaijan , Ilam and Hamadan [6] [7] [8] [9] .
Kurds usually believe that Iranian Kurdistan is one of four parts of the more ethnogeographic region of Kurdistan , which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey ( Northern Kurdistan ), northern Syria ( Western Kurdistan ) and northern Iraq ( Southern Kurdistan ) [5] .
According to the latest census conducted in 2006, the Kurdish population of the four stops was 6,738,787 people [10] : Western Azerbaijan (2,873,459), Kermanshah (1,879,385), Kurdistan (1,440,156) and Ilam (545,787). In addition, in the southern regions of the province of Ilam, communities of lures live, presumably being a subethnos of Kurds [11] . Kurds make up 21% of the population in Ostan West Azerbaijan [12] .
The total number of Kurds is 9-10% of the population of Iran [2] [3] [4] . Some sources indicate that most Kurds in Iran are Shia Muslims [13] [14] [15] . Shiite Kurds inhabit the ostans of Kermanshah and Ilam, as well as some areas of the Kurdistan, Hamadan and North Khorasan stop [16] [17] . During the Islamic revolution in Iran, the main Kurdish political parties tried to raise the issue of Kurdish political autonomy, but were not supported by the bulk of ethnic Kurds [18] [19] [20] . But since the 1990s, the growth of nationalism has begun in the regions inhabited by Kurds [21] .
Kurdish separatism in Iran
Kurdish separatism in Iran [22] , referred to in a number of sources as the “Kurdish-Iranian conflict” [23] [24] [25] [26] is a prolonged conflict between the Kurdish opposition and the Iranian government [22] , which actually began with the coming to power of Rez -shah Pahlavi in 1925 [25] . Although some Kurdish nationalist parties want the separation of Iranian Kurdistan from Iran as an independent state, among the Kurdish political forces (in particular, leftist and feminist) there are supporters of the confederal form of government in Iran with wide autonomy of the Kurdish regions [27] .
See also
- Mehabad Republic
Notes
- ↑ Political Geography of Iranian Nationalities farsnews.com February 18, 2018
- ↑ 1 2 Iran , The World Factbook . Archived February 3, 2012. Date of treatment August 26, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Iran , Library of Congress (May 2008). Date of treatment August 26, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Iran Peoples . Looklex Encyclopaedia . Date of treatment July 27, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland, (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press
- ↑ Federal Research Division, 2004, Iran: A Country Study , Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 1-4191-2670-9 , ISBN 978-1-4191-2670-3 , p. 121, "The Kurdish area of Iran includes most of West Azerbaijan."
- ↑ Youssef Courbage, Emmanuel Todd, 2011, A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Around the World , p. 74. Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-15002-4 , ISBN 978-0-231-15002-6 . “Kurds are also a majority of the population in the provinces of Kermanshah, West Azerbaijan, and Ilam.”
- ↑ William Eagleton, 1988, An Introduction to Kurdish Rugs and Other Weavings , University of California, Scorpion, 144 pages. ISBN 0-905906-50-0 , ISBN 978-0-905906-50-8 . "Iranian Kurdistan is relatively narrow where it touches the Soviet border in the north and is hemmed in on the east by the Azerbaijani Turks. Extending south along the border west of Lake Urmia is the tribal territory. ”
- ↑ anmeldung
- ↑ Iran Provinces . statoids.com .
- ↑ [1] Archived on February 5, 2015.
- ↑ of General Culture Council of Islamic Republic of Iran for West Azerbaijan province: فهرست نویسی پیش از انتشار کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران * شماره کتابشناسه ملی: 2890690 * عنوان و نام پدیدآورنده: طرح بررسی و سنجش شاخص های فرهنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص های غیرثبتی) {گزارش}: گزارش های پیشرفت طرح ها وکلان شهرها / به سفارش شورای فرهنگ عمومی کشور; مدیر طرح و مسئول سیاست گذاری: منصور واعظی; اجرا: شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس * بهاء: 100000 ریال-شابک: 7-68-6627-600 -۹۷۸ * وضعیت نشر: تهران-موسسه انتشارات کتاب نشر ۱۳۹۱ * وضعیت ظاهری: ۲۹۵ ص: جدول (بخش رنگی) ، نمودار (بخش رنگی) * یطرد یگیگدیگ هنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص های غیرثبتی) سال 1389 * توصیفگر: شاخص های غیرثبتی + شاخص های فرهنگی + گزارش های پیشرفت طرح ها و کلان شهرها * توصیفگر: ایران 386,289 * تهران 199,066 / مشهد 292341 / اصفهان 170017 / تبریز 18481 / کرج 278252 / شیراز 251703 / اهواز 176403 / قم 270,877 * شناسنامه افزوده: واعظی, منصور, 1333-735068 * شناسنامه افزوده: شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس / شورای فرهنگ عمومی * مرکز پخش: خیابان ولیعصر, زرتشت غربی, خیابان کامبیز, بخش طباطبایی رفیعی, پلاک 18, تلفن: 7-88978415 * لیتوگرافی ، چاپ وصحافی: سازمان چاپ و انتشارات اوقاف, (German) Titel: Der Plan um Untersuchungen und Auswertungen der Indikatoren der generellen Kultur des Landes, ISB N 978-600-6627-68-7 , Jahr der Veröffentlichung: 2012, Verlag: Ketabe Nashr | language = Persian
- ↑ Unity or Diversity? Turkish Nationalism, Kurds, and the Turkish Mainstream Press
- ↑ Ethnicity unit is not the reason for making an independence country Retrieved February 8, 2018
- ↑ Zare'i: Kurds ... Retrieved February 8, 2018
- ↑ http://rangvarehayeyekrang.ir (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 17, 2018. Archived December 17, 2017.
- ↑ www.kojaro.com
- ↑ Romano, David. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement. - New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. - P. 235. - ISBN 0-521-85041-X .
- ↑ McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds. - London: IB Tauris, 1996. - P. 270. - ISBN 1-85043-653-3 .
- ↑ The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd . google.com
- ↑ McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds. - London: IB Tauris, 1996. - P. 278. - ISBN 1-85043-653-3 .
- ↑ 1 2 Habeeb, William Mark. The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change / William Mark Habeeb, Rafael D. Frankel, Mina Al-Oraibi. - Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group , 2012 .-- P. 46. - ISBN 978-0-313-33914-1 .
- ↑ Bhutani, Surendra (1980), Contemporary Gulf , Academic Press, p. 32 , < https://books.google.com/books?id=kfHCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22kurdish+iranian+conflict%22 > .
- ↑ Near East, North Africa report , 1994 , < https://books.google.com/books?id=VuG5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22kurdish+iranian+conflict%22 > .
- ↑ 1 2 Smith, Benjamin, "The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918‐" , Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective , Cornell, p. 10 , < http://government.arts.cornell.edu/assets/psac/sp09/Smith_Kurdish_Separatism_Feb09_PSAC.pdf > .
- ↑ University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran / Kurds (1943-present). Retrieved 9 September 2012. [2]
- ↑ Fuad Beritan: Democratic Confederalism, The Suitable Solution For Issues Of Iran . Rojhelat . Rojhelat.info. Date of appeal September 29, 2017.