The urban estate of Spiridov - Rühardt ( Otto von Schiemann's hospital ) is an architectural ensemble in the Tagansky district of Moscow , an object of cultural heritage of regional significance . Built at the beginning of the XIX century on the land of Matvey Spiridov . Currently, all the buildings of the estate have a double address: along Yauzsky Boulevard , as well as Bolshoy and Maly Nikolovorobinsky lanes [1] [2] [3] .
| Sight | |
| City estate of Spiridov - Rühardt | |
|---|---|
 Main House, 2018 | |
| A country | |
| Location | Moscow , Yauzsky Boulevard , 9/6; Small Nikolovorobinsky Lane , 6/9 |
| Type of building | City estate |
| Architect | Sergey Voskresensky , Victor Kossov |
| Building | The beginning of the XIX century |
| Famous inhabitants | Matvey Spiridov , Fanny Rühardt, Otto von Schimann |
| Status | Protected by the state 771420431960005 |
The estate ensemble, whose total area exceeds 3 thousand m² [4] , comprises:
- Main House (9/6);
- East residential outbuilding with services (buildings 3A, 3B, 3B);
- Office building: stable, carriage shed;
- The gatehouse-janitorial (building 8);
- Gate pylon and fence [2] [5] .
History
Spiridov
At the very beginning of the XIX century, the land plot between Yauzsky Boulevard and Nikolovorobinsky Lane was bought by Senator Matvey Spiridov . Presumably, by his order in 1812-1819 the first manor buildings were erected - an empire - style mansion , an office building with a stable and a barn, a janitorial gatehouse. Information about the architect was not preserved [6] . The Spiridov family lived in the estate for a long time - it is known that the childhood of the future Decembrist Mikhail Spiridov passed in it [7] .
Rühardt
The estate has a double address, all buildings are located on Yauzsky Boulevard and Bolshoy and Maliy Nikolovorobinsky Lanes. These streets are part of the Vorontsov Field - a historical area where representatives of the German diaspora have settled down since the middle of the XIX century. It was based on the Wogau dynasty of entrepreneurs - at that time one of the richest families in Russia. Relatives conducted common affairs and preferred to settle in the neighborhood. Prussian citizen Georg Rühardt married the daughter of Karl Vaughau Fanny and thus became part of an influential clan [8] . To live close to the rest of the family, at the end of the 19th century, the Rühardt couple purchased Spiridov’s estate [6] .
Fanny Karlovna and Georg Rühardt had a significant fortune. It is known about her husband that even before the wedding he suffered from Russian scammers: under the guise of a gold-bearing, he bought a piece of poor land in Siberia . However, even such a disadvantageous deal did not affect the general affairs of the family, the couple lived in abundance and often traveled. For example, in Baden-Baden, the Ryukhardts met a neighbor in the Vorontsov field - the father of Princess Kira Alekseevna Kozlovskaya. According to the literary critic Vladimir Kolgan, Kira Alekseevna was Mikhail Bulgakov 's lover and served as the prototype of Margarita [9] .
Before the First World War, Jane (Evgenia Ivanovna) McGill bought the eastern residential wing on Bolshaya Nikolovorobinsky Lane. The Scotsman’s wife Robert McGill , owner of several factories and a construction company, was actively involved in charity work: the Anglican Church and the priest’s house, the orphanage named after R. R. McGill and St. Andrew’s House [10] were built on her funds in Moscow.
In the late 1870s, the outbuilding of Spiridov’s estate was rebuilt according to the project of architect Viktor Kossov [6] . The facades received voluminous decor - profiled cornices and platbands , rusticated pilasters , stucco frieze [2] . In 1895, Kossov supervised the repair of the building, at the same time a new gate was built with a pylon on a brick basement [3] .
In 1867-1876, in the immediate vicinity of the estate, work was carried out on drilling the first Moscow artesian well . The project was led by engineer V. A. Babin. The estimated depth was to be 532 meters, but already in 1871 the main drill broke at 454 meters. Until 1876, builders were engaged in the extraction of the shell, but in the end the well was filled up. The problem of local water supply was solved by building the Serebryanichesky water pumping station at the Yauz Gate . With its help, up to two hundred thousand buckets of groundwater were pumped out from the level of 23 meters of the former well [11] . The story of a meeting with Babin and a visit to an underground adit was left by Moscow writer Vladimir Gilyarovsky :
It turns out that Babin is digging an artesian well, that beautiful water already flows into cast-iron pipes laid over 216 sages , that there is a water pump in Serebryanic Lane, that is from Yauzsky Boulevard, where a log shed sticks out above the well, under Nikolo-Vorobinsky Lane, at a depth of fifteen Sazhen is conducted to the water pumping underground tunnel admitted to the surface of the mine.
- “Underground”, “Moscow and Muscovites” [12]
Von Shiman
At the end of the 19th century, the estate was rented by a doctor Oscar Genrihovich von Szyman. In 1897-1898, the architect Sergei Voskresensky rebuilt the main house, office building and gatehouse in an eclectic style [3] . The central mansion retained the voluminous structure and the main structural elements - the main walls and partitions, the vaults of the Monier system in the basement. The hipped roof of the building was covered with copper and decorated with elegant smoke pipes . The facade was decorated with stucco frieze. In the decoration of the interiors used expensive materials: metlah tiles and oak flooring for floors, marble - for the front staircase. The ceilings and walls were decorated with caissons and sockets [2] .
In 1900, under the leadership of Voskresensky, the fence and gate were restored. Since 1910, the building housed a "hospital for all specialties" von Schimann with a capacity of 50 beds [13] [14] . Among the patients of the clinic were Sergey and Peter Efron, husband and brother of Marina Tsvetaeva [15] . Under the Soviet Union , a tuberculosis dispensary was located in the building [16] .
Modernity
In 2011, the complex received the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance [2] . According to data for 2016, the estate was managed by the Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Radiology [17] [18] . In January 2016, the Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow issued a permit for the restoration of all ensemble buildings. The purpose of the work was the adaptation of the estate to modern use [5] . The project was funded by private investors [19] .
By the beginning of 2018, the estate was completely restored; special attention was paid to restoring the historical appearance of the buildings. In the process of repair, the stucco decoration of facades and interiors, the original devitrification of windows, and the lost details were re-created [17] .
Photo Gallery
East residential outbuilding with services. Maly Nikolovorobinsky Lane, 9/6, p. 3, 2009
East residential outbuilding with services. Maly Nikolovorobinsky Lane, 9/6, p. 3, 2008
Elements of the architectural decoration of the facade of the main mansion, 2018
View from Yauz Boulevard, 2018
Notes
- ↑ City estate M.G. Spiridova - F.K. Rühardt - O.G. von Schiemann, beginning of the 19th century - beginning of the twentieth century, arch. S.F. Voskresensky, V.A. Kossov . Monuments of architecture of Moscow and the region. Date of appeal March 15, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Order of the Moscow City Heritage dated 02.21.2012 N 90 “On approval of the features of a cultural heritage site of regional significance, which served as the basis for its inclusion in the unified state register of cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation and subject to mandatory preservation ( subject of protection) ” (inaccessible link) . Portal "Kremlin. Moscow. Official documents . " Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow (February 21, 2012). Date of treatment March 3, 2018. Archived on April 15, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Atlas of objects of cultural heritage of the city of Moscow, 2008 , p. 202.
- ↑ The restoration of the estate on Yauzsky Boulevard was extended until next year . Information channel Moscow-24 (December 2, 2015). Date of treatment March 13, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 The Department of Cultural Heritage issued 17 tasks, permits for the conservation of cultural heritage objects . The site of the Presnensky district (January 19, 2016). Date of treatment March 19, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Moscow Heritage, 2016 , p. 78.
- ↑ Our Contemporary, 1983 , p. 78.
- ↑ Petrov, 2002 , p. 194.
- ↑ Kolganov V. A. Bulgakov and Margarita, or The Story of the Unhappy Love of the “Master” / ed. Fedorchenko K.V. - Moscow: Centerpolygraph, 2012 .-- 334 p. - (Literary criticism). - ISBN 978-5-227-03752-7 .
- ↑ Romaniuk S.K. Lanes of old Moscow. Story. Architectural monuments. Routes / ed. Yantseva L. And .. - Moscow: Centerpolygraph, 2016 .-- ISBN 978-5-227-04274-3 .
- ↑ From the history of Moscow streets, 1958 , p. 330.
- ↑ Moscow and Muscovites, 1959 , p. 61.
- ↑ Shvetsov A. Portraits. Shiman Oscar Genrikhovich, Background // Anniversary historical and artistic publication in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the sovereign Romanov House. - Moscow, Type. V. M. Sablina: Ed. M.S. Gugel, 1913 .-- 542 p.
- ↑ Nagibin, 2010 , p. 267.
- ↑ Zhupikova E.E. P. Durnovo (Efron). History and myths . - Moscow: Prometheus, 2012 .-- ISBN 978-5-7042-2350-4 .
- ↑ Moscow Heritage, 2016 , p. 78-79.
- ↑ 1 2 Moscow Heritage, 2016 , p. 79.
- ↑ The historical estate on Yauzsky Boulevard will be restored by August 2016 . Complex urban planning policy and the construction of the city of Moscow (December 2, 2015). Date of treatment March 3, 2018.
- ↑ Manor houses, metro stations and monuments: how the city restoration . The official website of the mayor and the Government of Moscow (March 21, 2017). Date of treatment March 3, 2018.
Literature
- Gilyarovsky V.A. Underground // Moscow and Muscovites / ed. Firsova. - Moscow: Moscow Worker, 1959. - S. 61-65. - 376 p. - 125,000 copies.
- Petrov Yu. A. The Moscow bourgeoisie at the beginning of the 20th century: entrepreneurship and politics. - Moscow: Publishing house of the association "Moscow City Archive", 2002. - S. 194. - 436 p. - ISBN 9785722801067 .
- Team of authors. Atlas of cultural heritage sites (cultural monuments) of the city of Moscow. - Moscow: Committee on the cultural heritage of the city of Moscow, 2008. - T. 1. - P. 202. - 380 p.
- Nagibin Yu. M. Book about old Moscow. Great ringing . - Ripol Classic, 2010 .-- S. 267. - 306 p. - ISBN 978-5-386-04787-0 .
- Grandfather A. Manor on Yauz Boulevard // Moscow Heritage. - 2016. - No. 2 (44) . - S. 76-80 .
- Our contemporary. - Publishing house "Literary newspaper", 1983. - S. 78.
- Romaniuk S.K. British traditions in the guise of Moscow // Moscow Journal. - 2015. - October ( No. 10 (298) ). - S. 56-73 . - ISSN 0868-7110 .
- Sytin P.V. Yauzsky Boulevard // From the history of Moscow streets (essays). - 3. - Moscow: Moscow Worker, 1958. - S. 330. - 840 p.
Links
- A snapshot of the main manor house , 1954-1956
- Historical photographs on the page of the Yauz Moscow project