Gorbunov, Vasily Vladimirovich

The early years

Born on July 31 ( August 13 ), 1914 in a village of Lobaski (now Ichalkovsky district of Mordovia) in a peasant family. Mordvin ( Erzya ) by origin. Father - Vladimir Yakovlevich Gorbunov, a communist and red commander, died during the Civil War. Together with his older brother Ivan, Vasily was engaged in hard physical labor in the village. He graduated from elementary school in 1928 and the Bolshearat school of peasant youth of the Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province . In 1930 he entered the Lukoyanovsky Mordovian pedagogical school, but a year later left him and came to his native village to teach Russian at the courses of collective farm tractor drivers.

Education

Admitted in 1933 to the Mordovian department of the literary faculty of the Saransk Pedagogical Institute (later - Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after A.I. Polezhaev), which he graduated in 1937. In 1937-1938 - teacher of the Saransk Pedagogical College. Repressed, released in 1939. In 1940-1944, Gorbunov taught at the Insarsky Pedagogical College, was also his head teacher and director, head of the Insarsky RONO. He taught Russian and Mordovian languages ​​and literature, gaining the authority of an experienced methodologist. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1943. In the pre-war years, he published Selkor notes, and also printed his poems and stories in the periodical Mordovian press.

Party and Teaching

In 1943, Gorbunov was elected secretary of the Mordovian regional committee of the Komsomol, a year later he was sent to the apparatus of the Mordovian regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks , where he worked as secretary and assistant to the 1st secretary. Despite the great busyness with party affairs, V.V. Gorbunov spoke more than once to teachers and met with Mordovian writers. In 1945, he went to study at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, during the reorganization of which he was enrolled as a graduate student of the Academy of Social Sciences at the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the theory and history of literature, where he studied in 1946-1950. In 1949 he successfully defended his dissertation “The Struggle of N. G. Chernyshevsky for the Realistic Path of the Development of Russian Literature” and took up literary and critical activities in Mordovian literature. In 1950-1959 - Director of the Research Institute of Language, Literature of History and Economics under the Council of Ministers of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , head of the department of literature at the regional party school and editor of the literary and artistic almanac "Iznyamo" ("Victory"). I paid much attention to the preparation of candidates and doctors of science, who joined the ranks of teachers of higher educational institutions of the republic and made a significant contribution to the development of the economy, culture and public education of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The staff of the research institute published books on language and literature, history and economics, ethnography and archeology, strengthening ties with scientists from Moscow and the autonomous republics of the Volga region.

In 1958-1972 he worked as a senior teacher and associate professor of Mordovia State University, where he taught the historical and literary course of Mordovian literature and the methodology of teaching native literature, and also taught special courses on socialist realism and the history of Russian literary criticism. At that time, cycles of philological disciplines were conducted by such colleagues of Gorbunov as M. M. Bakhtin, I. D. Voronin, A. I. Maskaev, N. F. Tsyganov, N. I. Cherapkin. In addition, Gorbunov made critical articles in the press, read reports at the writers' congress, discussed the materials of the editorial portfolio of the Syatko magazine (Iskra) and talked more than once with the artists of the drama theater on staging national performances. In 1972-1983, Gorbunov was the head of the native language and literature methodology of the Research Institute of National Schools of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR in Moscow, where for the first time in the history of the development of the national school of the RSFSR he organized a research team that dealt with the study of native literature in the autonomous republics and regions of the RSFSR. By the mid-70s, Gorbunov had developed the conceptual provisions of a new scientific school and the ways of their implementation.

Scientific work

As a scientist, Gorbunov is known for publishing over 100 works on the topic of Mordovian literary criticism and literature (since the 1940s) and about 30 works on the methodology of teaching philological disciplines in a national school (in the 1970s and 1980s). Among the leading articles stand out “Ways of development of Mordovian literature” (1949), “On the question of the formation of Mordovian socialist poetry” (1953), “Literature of the revived people” (1957), “Mordovian folk songs” (1957), “On the way, growth "(1960) and others. In his works, a concept was developed for the development of Mordovian literature as an integral part of the spiritual culture of the people and part of the literature of the peoples of the USSR. In 1963, in the work “Voice of Life”, Gorbunov evaluated the works of such Mordovian poets as A. Eskin, P. Toropkin, M. Troshkin, I. Shumilkin, A. Tyapaev, I. Kalinkin, S. Kinyakin, and also composed literary portraits of Mordovian writers. In 1967, he published the work “Mordovian Literature Fifty Years,” in which he spoke about the literary process in Mordovia and the successes of Mordovian poetry, prose, and dramaturgy.

Already during his life in Moscow, V.V. Gorbunov dealt with the study of native languages ​​at a national school, expressing his thoughts in the articles “Scientific and methodological problems of teaching the native and Russian languages ​​in the context of developing bilingualism” and “On teaching native oral speech and literacy in national kindergartens of the RSFSR. ” He continued to engage in literary criticism, leading a scientific-methodical school on the study of native literature: he published articles on the works of N. G. Chernyshevsky, A. N. Tolstoy and other writers, materials on Mordovian literature on the pages of the magazines Syatko and Moksha ", Wrote a book about the famous singer I. M. Yaushev and spoke on television. As a scientific adviser, he prepared about 20 candidates of philological and pedagogical sciences from representatives of various peoples of the USSR.

Tutorials

Gorbunov is the compiler of the first textbooks and anthologies for secondary schools and universities. In 1950, together with N.P. Druzhinin, he drew up a program on Mordvin literature of the 8th — 10th grades for a national school. The first textbook “Mordovian Soviet Literature” (“Mordovian Soviet Literature”) was published in 1952 specifically for the 8th-10th grades of the national school, and a year later a literature reader was published, co-authored with M. Talabaev and V. Bezzubov. In 1956, Gorbunov published the first “Essay on the History of Mordovian Soviet Literature” - in 1956, and in 1973 a monograph “Poetry - the Soul of the People” on Mordovian socialist poetry was published.

Gorbunov laid down the idea of ​​studying literature in two stages: the first stage involved literary reading with the assimilation of a minimum of theoretical and literary concepts (grades 4 through 6), and the second — the study of the history of literature (grades 7 through 10), and this principle continued to apply in the future. . Gorbunov also considered the creation of a theory of a textbook on native literature the most important condition for raising the process of teaching and studying national literature at school to the modern level, while literature should be studied in the unity of national and international. Another aspect he considered the students' assimilation of their native literary language. The most complete and comprehensive justification of the principles of the study of native literature was found in the textbook “Study of native literature in the national schools of the RSFSR”, published in 1982 by Gorbunov. He is also a co-author of the three-volume History of Mordovian Literature (1968, 1971, 1974) and many other textbooks on Mordovian literature.

Drama

In literature, Gorbunov left his mark as the author of a series of dramatic works, among which the plays Eryamon Yursto (On ​​a Life-Based Base, 1966), Kadalitsya (Nether Flower, 1968), and Valsky Kirsya (The Beginning of the Day) stand out. ) and many others.

He was awarded the medal by K. D. Ushinsky, the badge “Excellent student of public education”, several diplomas of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, the Central Committee of the Komsomol.

He died on December 11, 1983 in Moscow, was buried in Saransk . Already after the death of Gorbunov, two of his books were published: “Confession” (1984) on the study of modern processes of development of Mordovian literature and “Morozyant od porazo” (“Youth of the Singer”, 1988), a fictionalized biography of I. M. Yaushev.

• Educators and educators of the Mordovian Territory / Comp.: M. T. Bibin, E. G. Osovsky. - Saransk: Mordov. Prince Publishing House, 1986.

• Scientists and enlighteners. Gorbunov Vasily Vladimirovich (inaccessible link)
• Information leaflet “Valdo Oyme, Chevyte gray-haired”: on the centenary of the birth of V.V. Gorbunov
• Library of Mordovian literature. Gorbunov Vasily Vladimirovich