Gu Xiancheng ( Chinese trad. 顧憲成 , pinyin : Gù Xiànchéng , September 17, 1550 - June 21, 1612) is a Chinese philosopher, a Neoconfucian, one of the founders of the Dongling School .
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Biography
Born in 1550 in Wuxi County (modern Jiangsu Province). In 1580, he successfully passed the imperial exam, having received the highest academic degree of jin shi. After that, he held a number of high posts. In 1594 he was dismissed and demoted.
In 1602, Gu Xiancheng reinstated in the ranks, but did not return to service. In 1604 he founded the Donglin Academy (Donglin-shuyuan), which later became the Donglin School or the Dongling Movement. He was her leader to death. In 1605, he became friends with the leader of the Huafu Party, Li Santsai , who he later promoted to the highest posts in the empire. Gu Xiancheng, along with Li Santsai, became the leader of the reform movement. However, Gu failed to achieve the desired. In the midst of the struggle with the conservatives, Gu Xianchen died in 1612.
Philosophy
Belonged to the third generation of followers of Wang Yangming , however, he criticized not only the most radical, those who were inclined to Taoism and Buddhism, and those who came into confrontation with the official ideology of the Yanminists of the Taizhou school, but also Wang Yangmin himself for recognizing him “the essence of the heart ", Devoid of good and evil, and for the doctrine of the spontaneity of moral feeling. Gu Xiancheng from the thesis of Mencius about the kindness (shan) of the "individual nature" of a person deduced the position about the presence of good in the "essence of the heart." Following Zhu Xi, he defended the possibility of cultivating a moral feeling, along with the main condition for its development, like Zhou Dun-i and Yang Shi , he considered a meditative state of self-aggravated "peace", that is, he advocated moral self-development.
Notes
Sources
- Kobzev A.I. Philosophy of Chinese Neoconfucianism. M., 2002.S. 397-399
- Frederic E. Wakeman, Jr. (2009). Telling Chinese History: A Selection of Essays. University of California Press. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-0-520-25606-4 . Retrieved June 7, 2013.
- William Theodore De Bary (2008). Sources of East Asian Tradition: Vol. 1 Permodern Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 465-467. ISBN 978-0-231-14305-9 . Retrieved June 7, 2013.