Ferenc Merey ( Hungarian. Mérei Ferenc , November 24, 1909 , Budapest - February 23, 1986 , Budapest ) - Hungarian psychologist . Received a diploma at the Sorbonne in Paris (1933). Doctor of Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1979). Director of the Hungarian Institute of Pedagogical Sciences (1949), Institute of Psychology in Budapest (1954-1958). He worked in the laboratory of clinical psychology of the Hungarian Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry (1964-1976). At the beginning of his professional activity, he studied cognitive development. After World War II, his main interests shifted to the sphere of studying the understanding and control of those psychological processes that determine people's desire to go to war and force them to participate in cruelty and atrocities. He developed a research program in which he showed that the influence of a group and the general experience that a group can accumulate, as well as group traditions, can overpower the will of an individual member of a group.
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| Awards and prizes | Kosuth Prize ( 1949 ) Q1245906 ? ( 1982 ) |
Biography
Born in 1909 in Budapest in a wealthy family. Merey often spent time in his parents' photo studio. He did not like the school, where he felt alone, and the cruelty of the teachers gave him a lot of pain. He read a lot, even a 500-page book could read in one session. It also caused the heartache of his mother’s connection with many men.
After graduating from high school, he studied at the Sorbonne in 1928, despite the fact that his mother wanted him to study in Berlin . He specializes in political economy, statistics and literature; studied eleven languages. He became interested in child psychology. Psychologist Henri Vallon accepted him at the university as his student, and sent him to study child psychology. In 1930 he entered the French Communist Party .
He gave his first lecture in 1932, in which he criticized Jean Piaget . The lecture caused Vallon's disapproval. It was then that Merey developed his main idea, the essence of which is the social definition of a person.
Returning home in 1934, he could not find a job, so he worked until 1938 as a psychologist on a grant basis at the State Children's Psychological Institute, founded by Janos Schnell. He was the first to explore social experience influencing individual and social roles in shaping rules and regulations. He published two theses in 1937: “A child plays with buttons” and “Children are builders of the country”.
In 1938-1940, he worked at the Special Educational Pedagogical College, again without salary, therefore he lived on the money he received from teaching languages. Merey married teacher Vera Molnar. They met at the organization of the exams and worked together.
He was fired from his job, which was caused by anti-Jewish laws. Since 1940, he worked in the outpatient department, headed by Julia Gyorgy. In 1942, he wrote his first book, The Psychology of Career Choice. In 1944, he crossed the front line and joined the Soviet army , where by the end of the service he was promoted to captain.
In 1945-1948, he led the Budapest Institute of Psychology, taught at the Pedagogical College and the College of Etvesh. In 1949 he was appointed head of the National Institute of Psychological Education. At the same time he wrote several studies and three books: Children's World Outlook (1945), Collective Experience (1947), and Child Research (1948). His experiments on collective experience are among the most important psychological experiments of science.
In 1949 he was awarded the Kossuth Prize (silver medal) for his pedagogical work. In 1950, the institute was liquidated, Merey was dismissed and he became a translator. He was rehabilitated in 1956, becoming a key researcher at the Institute of Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , and then in 1958 at the Institute of Biochemistry.
In October 1958, he was arrested and charged with conspiring; sentenced to 10 years in prison. He first served his sentence in Budapest, and then Satorllyauheheia , then in Vac . Merey began his “psychological diary” in a prison in Satorllyauhehe in 1960 (he wrote it on toilet paper due to the absence of any other paper). In prison, his health deteriorated, he suffered a stroke . In March 1963 he was amnestied.
From February 1964 he worked at the National Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital, where he founded and became the head of the laboratory of clinical psychology. In the laboratory, he gathered his colleagues and students, including Libya Nemesh and Agnes Bine. His laboratory became a training center for psychologists in Hungary. Agnes Bine co-authored two successful books - "Children's Psychology" and the children's encyclopedia "Ablak-Zsiráf".
In 1982, he received the title of Doctor of Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and was awarded the Pal Ranshburg medallion. In 1984, when he recovered after a serious operation, a film was interviewed with his participation. Parts of the interviews in which he criticized the policies of Hungary were not shown on television until 2009.
Publications
- A gombozó gyermek (Kalocsa, 1937)
- A pályaválasztás lélektana (Budapest, 1942)
- A gyermek világnézete (Budapest, 1945)
- Az együttes élmény (Budapest, 1947)
- A Rorschach-táblák felszólító jellege (Budapest, 1947)
- Gyermektanulmány (Új Nevelés Könyvtára, 1948)
- Rorschach próba IV. köt. (OIE, Vademecum-sorozat, 1966)
- A pár és a csoport (Pszichológiai Tanulmányok, Budapest, 1967)
- Gyermeklélektan (társszerző: V. Binét Ágnes, Budapest, 1970)
- Ablak-Zsiráf. Képes gyermeklexikon (Binét Ágnessel, Budapest, 1971)
- Klinikai pszichodiagnosztikai módszerek (társszerző Szakács Ferenc, Budapest, 1974)
- A klinikai pszichológia gyakorlata (társszerző Szakács Ferenc, Budapest, 1974)
- Szociálpszichológiai vizsgálatok az iskolában (Budapest, 1974)
- Adalékok egy társas szempontú gyermeklélektanhoz (Budapest, 1985-86)
- Lélektani napló (1-4. 2. bőv. Kiad., Budapest, 1985-86)
- "... Vett a füvektől édes illatot" (Művészetpszichológia, Budapest, 1986)
- Pszichodiagnosztikai vademecum. Bölcsészettudományi karok. Egységes jegyzet; szerk. Mérei Ferenc, Szakács Ferenc; Tankönyvkiadó, Bp., 1988
- Freud fényében és árnyékában; szerk., előszó Gerő Zsuzsa; Interart, Bp., 1989
- A pszichológiai labirintus. Fondorlatok és kerülőutak a lelki életben; szerk., előszó, tan. Bagdy Emőke; Magyar Pszichiátriai Társaság, Bp., 1989
- Társ és csoport. Tanulmányok a genetikus szociálpszichológia köréből; sajtó alá rend. Gerő Zsuzsa, Fischer Eszter; Akadémiai, Bp., 1989
Literature
- N. Sheehy. Psychology: a biographical bibliographic dictionary. - St. Petersburg, Eurasia, 1999
- Csaba Pléh : Pszichológiatörténet. (= The History of Psychology) Budapest: Gondolat, 1992. Ferenc Mérei see 221-223. p. ISBN 963-282-467-9
- Pléh Csaba: A lélektan története / IV. rész. 17. A fejlődéselv diadalútja 2. A Piaget-hagyomány és a magyar pedológia: Mérei Ferenc 2010. Osiris ISBN 978 963 276 052 0
- Horváth Ggörgy: Személyiség és öntevékenység. /four. Csoportdinamika, Kurt Lewin. / 7. Gyermeklélektan, V.Binét Ágnessel. ISBN 963 17 60170
- Bagdy E. - Forgács P. - Pál M .: Mérei emlékkönyv. Budapest, (1989)
- Erős F .: Mérei Ferenc fényében és árnyékában. Budapest, (1989)
- Mérei Élet-Mű, Tanulmányok (2006)
- Auestad, Lene; Treacher Kabesh, Amal. "Traces of Violence and Freedom of Thought". Springer. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-137-57501-2 . Retrieved 2017-11-25.
- Csaba Pléh: Pszichológiatörténet. (= The History of Psychology) Budapest: Gondolat, 1992. Ferenc Mérei see 221-223. p. ISBN 963-282-467-9