The Kyrgyz Khanate ( Kyrgyz . Kyrgyz handygy) is a state in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan (1842-1854), formed as a result of the unification of Kyrgyz tribes in 1842.
| Kyrgyz Khanate | ||||
| kyr. Kyrgyz handygs | ||||
| Absolute Monarchy ( Khanate ) | ||||
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| Succession System: Elective Monarchy | ||||
| Capital | 1846-1854 Pishpek , | |||
| Languages) | Kyrgyz , Turkic (literary) | |||
| Religion | Islam (Sunni) | |||
| Legislation | "The teachings of Ormon " | |||
| Square | 170-180 thousand km² | |||
| Population | 1.3 million (1856) Kyrgyz | |||
| Predecessors Continuity ← Uzbek Khanate ← Mogulistan Russian Empire → | ||||
Content
Education
The founder of the Kyrgyz (Kara-Kyrgyz) Khanate is Ormon Khan from the clan of Sary-bagysh (1792-1854), the author of a set of legislative decrees, popularly known as “Ormon okuu” (“Teaching of Ormon”).
In 1842, as a result of external aggression, all Kyrgyz tribes united and elected Ormon as the All-Kyrgyz Khan. After the death of Ormon Khan in 1854, the Kyrgyz Khanate collapsed.
Kyrgyz-Kokand War
In 1844, the Kyrgyz led by Ormon Khan captured the Kokand city of Pishkek , thereby making it clear that it is now equal to the Kokand Khan of Khudoyar Khan .
Kyrgyz-Kazakh War
In 1846, the superior forces of the Russian forces forced Kenesary from the steppes of the last Kazakh khan, forcing him to retreat to Zhetysu territory in the valleys of the Shu and Ili rivers. Here Kenesary tried to conclude an alliance with the Kyrgyz ruler Ormon Khan, urging him to a joint struggle against Russia and Kokand . However, the Kirghiz , led by Khan Ormon Khan, rejected his offer and launched raids on forces subservient to Kenesary. A heavy war began. In April 1847, Kenesary with a 10,000-strong army invaded the Kyrgyz lands. In the town of Maitobe - Keklik-Sengir, a battle was fought with the Kyrgyz Khanate led by Ormon Khan. But during the battle, the sultans Rustem and Sypatai betrayed Kenesara and took away an insignificant part of the army, the army of Kenesara was defeated, he himself was captured and executed. However, the version of the betrayal of the Sultans was proposed by the Kyrgyz and rejected by the Kazakhs.
The defeat of Kenesary’s troops, his capture by Ormon Khan and execution were accepted with approval both in Russia and in Kokand . The Russian government was satisfied that it had gotten rid of Kenesary, and awarded Ormon Khan and Zhantai with gold medals and donned gowns embroidered with gold on them. 13 soldiers who were able to capture Kenesary and his associates Dairbek, Kalcha and Aksakal were also awarded gold medals.
The collapse of the Kyrgyz Khanate
In 1854, a contention began between Ormon Khan and the Issyk-Kul manap Borombai- Biya. As a result, Ormon Khan attacked the lands of Borombay in Issyk-Kul , but he miscalculated and was himself captured.
After captivity, Ormon Khan was held for some time as an honorary prisoner of war . Borombay wanted to release Ormon Khan on certain conditions, with a promise not to attack his land anymore. But one of the Bugin leaders , Balbai Batyr , who was a longtime enemy of the Khan, upon learning of this, killed Ormon Khan.
The death of Ormon Khan led to the complete disintegration of the Kyrgyz Khanate.
Literature
- Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Alma-Ata : Kazakh Encyclopedia , 2004.
- Dzhamgerchinov B. Kyrgyzstan in the era of Ormon Khan. / Proceedings of IJAL. Vol. 1. 1944. - Frunze: Kyrgyz branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences , 1945.
- Soltonoev B. Kyzyl Kyrgyz tarykhs. T. 1. - Bishkek : Uchkun, 1993.