Edmond Henry Fischer ( born April 6, 1920 , Shanghai , China ) is a Swiss American biochemist and 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "For discoveries regarding reversible protein phosphorylation as a mechanism of biological regulation." Professor Emeritus, University of Washington ( Seattle ).
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| Awards and prizes | Guggenheim Fellowship Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( 1992 ) [d] [d] [d] |
Member of the US National Academy of Sciences (1973) [2] , foreign member of the Royal Society of London (2010) [3] .
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Biography
Edmond Fisher was born in Shanghai, China on April 6, 1920. His paternal grandfather moved from France , where he was born and lived, first in Indochina , and then to China . In China, he founded the French-language newspaper Courrier de Chine and the French Municipal School, which Fischer attended as a child. At seven, he was sent to school in Switzerland . Fischer graduated from the University of Geneva ( Geneva ) and received his doctorate there. His main work was to study and characterize the amylase enzyme . In the early 1950s, Fisher moved to the University of Washington in Seattle, where he is now an emeritus professor. His post-dock was Nicholas Tonks .
Scientific Contribution
Edmond Fisher and Edwin Krebs started a collaboration six months after Fisher moved to the University of Washington. They studied the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase and found that a series of reactions caused by hormones and calcium leads to the activation-inactivation of this enzyme. Activation-inactivation of the enzyme was caused by its reversible phosphorylation . The process, which was discovered by Fisher and Krebs, is catalyzed by two enzymes: protein kinase and fascatase . Protein kinases (the most common of which is tyrosine kinase ) transfers the phosphate group from ATP to the hydroxyl group of the enzyme . In this case, the conformation of the enzyme changes and it becomes catalytically active. Then protein phosphatase cleaves the phosphate group and the enzyme returns to its original inactive form. It turned out that such a cyclic regulation of enzymatic activity and the corresponding metabolic processes is extremely widespread in nature.
Rewards
- Guggenheim Scholarship (1963) [4]
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1992) for the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation
- Weizmann Memorial Lectures (1993).
Community Activities
In 2016, he signed a letter calling on Greenpeace , the United Nations, and governments around the world to stop fighting genetically modified organisms ( GMOs ) [5] [6] [7] .
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Edmond H. Fischer
- ↑ Edmond Fischer Archived October 10, 2015 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Edmond H. Fischer
- ↑ 107 Nobel laureates sign letter blasting Greenpeace over GMOs
- ↑ Laureates Letter Supporting Precision Agriculture (GMOs)
- ↑ List of Nobel Laureates Signing the Letter