Radozhitsky, Ilya Timofeevich

Pupil of the Imperial military orphanage (later Pavlovsky cadet corps ). In June 1806 he was promoted to second lieutenant and sent to the Kherson artillery garrison, from where in 1808 he was transferred to the 2nd field artillery brigade. In January 1810 he was promoted to lieutenant .

Member of the Patriotic War of 1812 . For the difference in the battle at the town of Ostrovno, on July 13, 1812 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree. In the same year, he fought near Vyazma , in 1813 - at the town of Bauzen , at the town of Aura, at the Battle of the Peoples at Leipzig , for which he was twice awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree (August 17 and October 4, 1813).

December 25, 1814 for the differences in the battle of Paris , promoted to headquarters captains ; in 1815, by order of the authorities, he was sent for military shooting of the Grodno province , and then to France. For excellent execution of the order awarded the "third salary" ^[1] ; in July 1815 he was transferred from the 24th artillery brigade to the retinue of His Imperial Majesty, according to the quarter -master unit (later the General Staff ), and on August 30, 1817 he was promoted to captain.

In 1818 he was sent for military reconnaissance of the Kiev province , he successfully completed the assignment.

Since September 1819 - lieutenant colonel, in December 1819 he was dismissed from service.

In February 1823, he again entered the service and was appointed to the 22nd artillery brigade, later appointed commander of the 4th Battery Company and the Caucasian Mobile Spare Park. In 1829 he participated in the Russian-Turkish war , in July 1830 he commanded an active detachment in the town of Ashkale.

On July 23, 1831 he was appointed to correct the position of assistant commander of the Tula Arms Plant, and there in December 1835 he was promoted to colonel for the difference in service. December 21, 1835 awarded the Order of St. George 4th grade. December 2, 1838 the second time he was dismissed from service. Having been out of service for about 10 months, in September 1839 he was again with the same rank, was appointed assistant to the chief of artillery garrisons of the Georgian district; in November 1842, he was seconded to the headquarters of His Highness for the management of the General Feldzeichmeister, in 1843 he participated in cases against the highlanders in the Caucasus . Around 1850, he was promoted to major general and dismissed.

I.T. Radozhitsky studied botany for more than 30 years. His main work is the World Flora manuscript in 15 large-format volumes, with an atlas on 730 sheets and with the 1609th copies perfectly painted by him in watercolor and from natural shot plants, with a detailed and remarkably distinct analysis of their organs. Using well-known foreign sources in French, German, Latin and English, he had previously written a preliminary course in general botany with new terms for some organs in Russian. Then, carried away by the writings of Raspail, Radozhitsky compiled his classification, the processing of which he also worked for many years, encountering obstacles both in the absence of the vast benefits that could then be found only in education centers in the west, and from the objections of specialists. In addition, two months before his death, on the proposal of the vice-president of the Imperial Moscow Society of Naturalists A.G. Fischer von Waldheim , he began compiling a list of his classification of plants for placement in one of the foreign publications.

The name of I.T. Radozhitsky was named the newly discovered species of plants Radojitskya capensis Turcz . This is a plant from the Thymelaeaceae Juss family . - Wolf and grows in South Africa. The shrub wolf bark growing in our forests also belongs to this family.

I.T. Radozhitsky - military writer, memoirist. The author of books of memoirs and a number of articles in Russian magazines and newspapers. From his literary works are known:

• Campaign notes of the artilleryman from 1812 to 1816 - M. 1835
• Campaign notes of the artilleryman in Asia from 1829 to 1831 - The Military Journal of 1857
• The historical news of the campaign of Russian troops in 1796 in Dagestan and Persia under the command of Count V. A. Zubov - the journal "Domestic Notes", 1827
• Kyz-Brun, the Circassian novel - the journal "Domestic Notes", 1827
• The fearlessness of artillery - the journal "Domestic Notes", 1826
• Letters from Stavropol - the journal "Domestic Notes", 1826
• Letters from the Caucasus to P.P. Svinin - magazine "Readings of the Moscow Society of History and Antiquities", 1874

He died in Voronezh . Buried in the Intercession of the Virgin's Monastery .

I. Radozhitsky is partly the prototype of one of the characters in the novel - the epic of Leo Tolstoy “ War and Peace ” - the artillery captain Tushin ^[2] . When writing the novel, Tolstoy used the notes of Radozhitsky ^[3] .

• Radozhitsky I. T. Campaign notes of the artilleryman 1812-1816
• Radozhitsky I. T. Campaign notes of the artilleryman. 1812-1816. - M .: Kuchkovo field, 2018 .-- 800 p. ISBN 978-5-9950-0930-6
• Patriotic War of 1812. Unknown and little-known facts. Digest of articles. Library "Knowledge is power." ANO “Editorial office of the magazine“ Knowledge is power ””, 2012
• When writing this article, material from the Russian Biographical Dictionary of A. A. Polovtsov (1896-1918) was used.

• Radozhitsky, Ilya Timofeevich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Radozhitsky Ilya Timofeevich: gunner or nerd?